GOV Chapter 10

Since America's Founding, candidates for president have been nominated using a variety of methods. Put the following nomination methods in order from earliest in American history to the most recent.

1) congressional "King Caucus" 2) delegates chosen by state party leaders 3) delegates chosen by primaries and caucuses

Order the political candidates on their likelihood of attracting campaign donations from interest groups from most likely to least likely.

1)incumbent member of majority party 2) incumbent member of minority party 3)challenger candidate from majority party 4) challenger candidate from minority party

In the 2016 election, which electoral factor was most significant in Hillary Clinton's loss to Donald Trump?

A large part of her voters were concentrated in a few high-population states.

As of the start of 2017, there will be a - government with the - controlling the presidency and the - controlling Congress.

As of the start of 2017, there will be a unified government with the Republicans controlling the presidency and the Republicans controlling Congress.

Match the frequency of the election cycle to the corresponding election type.

Congressional Elections: two years Presidential Elections: four years

Which of the following statements is best supported by the figure below?

Even unpopular candidates win the vast majority of their own party's voters.

By participating in as many newsworthy events as possible, such as visiting orphanages or disaster sites, candidates are often attempting to save money by generating so-called __________ media.

FREE

According to exit poll data, which groups tended to support Donald Trump and the Republican Party in the 2016 election?

Favored Trump: whites men voters who said they wanted a change Favored Clinton: African Americans women Hispanics

Which of the following best describes the Republican nomination process in 2016?

Few thought Donald Trump had any chance of winning the nomination when he first ran.

Match the type of campaign on the left with each campaign characteristic that describes it on the right.

Grassroots Campaign: organizationally driven local campaign Mass Media Campaign: statewide campaign money-intensive

In 2016, - won the electoral college. In that same election, - won the popular vote.

In 2016, DONALD TRUMP won the electoral college. In that same election, HILLARY CLINTON won the popular vote.

Which of the following statements are correct regarding the stability of party identification?

Individuals rarely change their party identification. Looking at the electorate as a whole, party identification is stable.

Match the U.S. Supreme Court case to the effect it had on campaign spending.

McCutcheon et al. v. FEC (2014): removed limits on individuals' campaign contributions Citizens United v. FEC (2010): government could not restrict independent expenditures by corporations Buckley v. Valeo (1974): introduced idea that campaign contributions count as speech

Negative campaign ads are more likely to address -, while positive campaign ads tend to focus on -.

Negative campaign ads are more likely to address POLICY POSITIONS, while positive campaign ads tend to focus on PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS.

which of the following statements about donations during the 2012 campaign season are correct.

Older individuals made up a higher percentage of political donations than younger ones. The most money was given by those with a postgraduate degree. Most donations came in the form of large individual contributions.

Relative to campaigns in the nineteenth century, today's campaigns require - effort by campaign workers and - campaign money.

Relative to campaigns in the nineteenth century, today's campaigns require LESS effort by campaign workers and MORE campaign money.

One of the unexpected twists of the 2016 election was how strong of a challenge Hillary Clinton faced for the Democratic nomination. Her strongest challenge came from which liberal Senator from Vermont?

Sanders

Which of the following statements about campaign fundraising in 2016 is most accurate?

The Democratic candidate, Hillary Clinton, raised substantially more money than the Republican candidate, Donald Trump.

Which statement best characterizes the relationship between consumer confidence and presidential elections?

The incumbent party tends to win when confidence exceeds 100.

The winner of the electoral vote - matches the winner of the popular vote.

The winner of the electoral vote OFTEN matches the winner of the popular vote.

Which of the following set groups such as 527s and 501(c)(4)s apart from more traditional campaign finance groups such as political action committees?

These groups cannot coordinate directly with campaigns. These groups are not subject to the spending limits of the Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act.

Why have most major party candidates declined federal funding for their presidential campaigns recently?

They could raise and spend far more money on their own.

Which issues are candidates likely to emphasize in an election?

Those that most voters agree with

One advantage digital media has over traditional media concerning campaigns is its low cost.

True

Unlike PACs, 527 organizations are not subjected to contribution limits and spending caps.

True

Winners of - elections go on to face each other in the - election

Winners of PRIMARY elections go on to face each other in the GENERAL election

The 2010 Supreme Court decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission had what effect on campaign financing?

allowed Super PACs to spend unlimited money in independent support of candidates

The trend in campaign finance law over time has been toward which the following?

fewer restrictions on campaign donations

What is the first step in a campaign for an aspiring presidential candidate?

forming exploratory committee

Ballot initiatives influence political behavior. Which of the following characteristics are correct regarding citizens in states with ballot initiatives?

higher levels of turnout more knowledge about politics

Maria is deciding whether to vote to re-elect a sitting president or to vote for the other party's challenger. She decides to engage in retrospective voting. As a retrospective voter, she might consider which of the following?

how the economy did during the president's previous term in office

These private groups raise and distribute funds for use in election campaigns and have been around longer than newer groups such as 527 committees and 501(c)(4) committees.

political action committees

A challenger running against a sitting president during uncertain economic times will want to urge voters to consider a change. As such, he or she might try to make -judgments about how the candidates would do in the future.

prospective

Direct democracy allows voters the opportunity to directly translate their preferences into government policy. Match the following characteristics of direct democracy to their respective form—ballot initiatives or referenda.

referendum: present in 50 states state legislature refers laws to voters for popular vote ballot initiative: present in 24 states allows citizens to place proposed law directly on ballot

When is party identification most likely to influence a person's vote choice?

when that person is unfamiliar with the issues when that person knows little about the candidates when that person is voting on state legislative candidate