Gov Chapter 3 Bellringers

Name the amendment and the clause used in the holding (ruling) for Brown v. Board of Education.

14th Equal protection

Blocking traffic during a protest involves the time, place, and manner restrictions of the (blank) Amendment.

1st

Identify the constitutional amendment in the Bill of Rights that is relevant to Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

6th

Which Amendment is relevant to the argument for/against the application of capital punishment (death penalty)?

8th

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court rule that a statewide school prayer violated the first amendment's establishment clause?* A) Engel v. Vitale (1962) B) Baker v. Carr (1962) C) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) D) McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

A

In which of the following situations would the Supreme Court be most likely to utilize the doctrine of selective incorporation?* A) When an individual claims that a right protected by the Bill of Rights is infringed upon by a state B) When there is a conflict among the branches of the national government C) When a federal policy shifting oversight authority from a national agency to a state agency is challenged D) When a former employee files a wrongful termination claim against a company headquartered in another state

A

Which of the following could be used as evidence to support the author's claim?* A) At the time the Constitution was written, laws in the states required able-bodied individuals to serve in militias. B) The Constitution clearly states that the Second Amendment applies only to the federal government's ability to make gun laws. C) The United States today uses militias such as police forces to maintain domestic peace. D) The Constitution guarantees that all rights, including the Second Amendment, are incorporated to the states.

A

Which of the following headlines is most relevant to the political cartoon?* (Cartoon is cogress building with pillars made of newspapers but newspapers are falling off) A) Nixon Administration Goes to Court to Stop Pentagon Papers Release (NY Times v. U.S.) B) Supreme Court Rules High School Students May Silently Protest Vietnam War (Tinker v. Des Moines) C) Supreme Court Hears Flag Burning Case (Texas v. Johnson) D) War Protestor Presented "Clear and Present Danger" Says Court (Schenk v. U.S.)

A

Which of the following scenarios best explains the inclusion of Title IX as part of the Education Amendments of 1972 ?* A) Members of Congress added the amendment to the bill in response to social movements seeking to address inequality in education for women. B) Paid lobbyists added the amendment on behalf of teachers unions in order to increase pay and tenure for public school teachers. C) President Lyndon Johnson used the power of the bully pulpit to pressure members of Congress to pass a bill that would legally desegregate schools. D) The Department of Justice added the amendment in order to provide legal guidance to states to enforce the Equal Rights Amendment.

A

After hours of interrogation by police a suspect confesses to multiple felony offenses. His attorney objected to the admission of the confession because he was not advised of his right to have an attorney present nor his protection from self-incrimination. Which amendments are most relevant to this scenario? A) The Fourth and Fifth Amendments B) The Fifth and Sixth Amendments C) The Sixth and Eighth Amendments D) The Fourth and Eighth Amendments

B

Chart: A) -Establishment Clause Used by founders to establish Christianity as the national religion -Free Exercise Clause Reflects a basic belief in the protection of religious freedom B) -Establishment Clause Prohibits the federal government from promoting religion or creating a national religion -Free Exercise Clause Protects an individual's religious beliefs and reasonable religious practices C) -Establishment Clause Provides a wall of seperation of between church and state -Free Exercise Clause Not a civil liberty incorporated to states D) -Establishment Clause Ensures that all students must attend public school regardless of religious views -Free Exercise Clause Protects against school-led prayer ceremonies Which of the above is an accurate comparison of the establishment clause and the free exercise clause?* A B C D

B

In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), the United States Supreme Court stated, "that the [Constitution] protects the right to possess a handgun in the home for the purpose of self-defense" and that the Second Amendment applied to the states through which of the following constitutional clauses?* A) The due process clause of the Fifth Amendment B) The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment C) The equal protection clause of the Fifth Amendment D) The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

B

In the case of McDonald v. Chicago (2010) the Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms for self-defense was applicable to the states. This ruling is an example of the application of the doctrine of* A) Strict scrutiny B) Selective incorporation C) Stare decisis D) Literalism

B

In the majority opinion of a United States Supreme Court case, Justice Alito wrote, "we now turn directly to the question whether the...right to keep and bear arms is incorporated in the concept of due process. In answering that question, . . . we must decide whether the right to keep and bear arms is fundamental to our scheme of ordered liberty."Which Supreme Court case is most aligned with Justice Alito's reasoning to treat gun ownership for self-defense as a fundamental liberty?* A) United States v. Lopez (1995) B) McDonald v. Chicago (2010) C) Baker v. Carr (1962) D) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

B

Interest groups are protected under the Constitution by the A) provisions of Article I, Section 8 B) First Amendment C) Ninth Amendment D) Tenth Amendment E) Fourteenth Amendment

B

The Supreme Court ruled in McDonald v. Chicago (2010) that a citizen's right to keep and bear arms at home for self-defense is protected from state and federal infringement. Which of the following is most relevant to that decision? A) Full faith and credit B) Selective incorporation C) Equal protection D) Eminent domain

B

The author's main argument is that the Second Amendment* A) did not extend privacy rights B) was added to the Constitution to ensure that militias would have arms C) should not be applied to states that do not have a militia D) protects an individual's right to own a gun for personal protection

B

Which of the following attributes of the political cartoon would best represent the government's use of prior restraint?* (Same cartoon described as in question 14) A) The steps of the building B) The fallen pillars C) The word "democracy" written on the building D) The standing pillars

B

Which of the following best defines civil liberties? A) The freedom to refuse to obey laws an individual considers to be immoral violations of civil rights B) Provisions in the Bill of Rights that provide guarantees against arbitrary interference by government C) Precedents pertaining to criminal procedure that are set by the Supreme Court that are upheld in the lower courts D) Those features of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution that pertain to the actions of individuals and groups E) Laws passed by Congress to define the powers and privileges of individuals

B

Which of the following best illustrates the protection of an individual's Fifth Amendment rights? A) An appeals court rules that a lower court imposed excessive punishment on an individual who broke a law. B) After arrest, a suspect is informed of the right to remain silent during interrogation. C) During a time of war, soldiers are not quartered in a person's home without the consent of the owner. D) A judge blocks an attempt by law enforcement to search a home without probable cause.

B

Which of the following constitutional amendments is most related to the issue shown on the map?* (Map of the US showing states with capital punishment and without) A) Second Amendment B) Eighth Amendment C) Sixteenth Amendment D) Twenty-Sixth Amendment

B

Which of the following is a principle underlying the Bill of Rights?* A) The people should control all aspects of governance. B) Some rights are fundamental and should not be subject to majoritarian control. C) The legislature should be the most powerful branch of government. D) All people should be guaranteed the same rights, whether they are citizens or not. E) It is groups rather than individuals that have fundamental rights and immunities.

B

Which of the following is most likely to be considered speech that is protected by the First Amendment? A) A group of people who are upset with a judge's decision stage a protest on the judge's private property. B) An individual posts something on social media that is highly critical of the president. C) A person threatens to commit an act of violence in an online video. D) A newspaper publishes a factually untrue article that defames the reputation of a public individual.

B

Which of the following scenarios best explains how the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment has influenced political behavior? A) The Supreme Court has ruled that Fifth Amendment prohibition on double jeopardy was made applicable to the states. B) Civil Rights leaders such as Martin Luther King, Jr., cited constitutional arguments as a basis for opposing segregation and inequality. C) Grassroots libertarian advocacy organizations have advocated in favor of less economic regulation of the marketplace. D) President Franklin D. Roosevelt's State of the Union address urged Congress to pass legislation that would ensure greater economic security for the American people.

B

Which of the following statements best describes the information in the map? Same map described in question 21 A) Most states in the Northeast and West do not allow capital punishment. B) Most states in the South and West allow capital punishment. C) Capital punishment is not allowed in Oklahoma (OK) and New Mexico (NM). D) Only three states do not allow capital punishment.

B

Which of the following statements presents the most important limitation of the data in the graph?* (Graph of # of African American Southern State Legislators 1960-1992) A) The time frame for the data is misleading. B) There is no information about the total number of state legislators. C) There are insufficient data points to detect a trend. D) The trend over time is potentially misleading and would be easier to read in a pie chart.

B

Which of the following would most likely be protected by the First Amendment? A) A reporter knowingly publishes a false story that injures the subject's reputation. B) A student wears a black armband at school to protest government involvement in a war. C) An individual issues a threat against another individual on social media. D) An individual spray paints graffiti on a public building to protest a government action.

B

Name the court case that overturned the precedent of "Separate but Equal"

Brown v Board of Education

Chart: A) Protected by 1st amendment Not protected by 1st Libel/Slander Fighting words B) Protected by 1st Not protected by 1st Freedom of religon Freedom of assembly C) Protected by 1st Not protected by 1st Right to burn a flag Obscenity D) Protected by 1st Not protected by 1st Online Newspapers Right of a student to pray in school Which of the above is an accurate comparison of rights protected and not protected by the First Amendment?* A B C D

C

In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), the United States Supreme Court stated, "that the [Constitution] protects the right to possess a handgun in the home for the purpose of self-defense" and that the Second Amendment applied to the states through which of the following constitutional clauses? A) The equal protection clause of the Fifth Amendment B) The due process clause of the Fifth Amendment C) The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment D) The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

C

The president privately discusses with his staff a decision to increase economic sanctions on Iran. Before a final decision is made, a draft of the proposal is leaked to a reporter. The president orders the reporter and her newspaper to suspend publication of the plan, citing issues of national and economic security. Which of the following best indicates how a court would rule in this case if the Supreme Court's ruling in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) was used as a precedent?* A) The president has the authority to stop the publication of the story because the administration has asserted that the information in the story threatens national security. B) Although the documents have already been obtained by the press, a court must review the documents prior to publication to ensure that no information that threatens national security is made public. C) Freedom of the press includes a heavy presumption against government censorship, and the documents can be published by the press. D) Because the president's staff leaked the documents and the newspaper obtained them in a legal manner, they may be published without prior restraint.

C

To enforce the Fourteenth Amendment more clearly, Congress passed the A) War Powers Resolution B) Voting Rights Act 1965 C) Civil Rights Act of 1964 D) Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act E) Social Security Act

C

Which of the following Supreme Court cases establishes that a woman has a due process right to make a decision whether or not to have an abortion?* A) United States v. Lopez (1995) B) McDonald v. Chicago (2010) C) Roe v. Wade (1973) D) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

C

Which of the following Supreme Court decisions allows public school students to wear T-shirts protesting a school board decision that eliminates funding for high school arts programs?* A) Engel v. Vitale (1962) B) Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) C) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) D) New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)

C

Which of the following amendments to the Constitution most likely provides the basis for a driver to challenge the constitutionality of police use of sobriety checkpoints in enforcing drunk driving laws? A) The Eighth Amendment protection against cruel and unusual punishment B) The First Amendment right to petition the government for a redress of grievances C) The Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable search and seizure D) The Tenth Amendment right of states to powers not given to the national government

C

Which of the following constitutional clauses was most relevant in the Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade (1973) ?* A) Commerce clause B) Free exercise clause C) Due process clause D) Equal protection clause

C

Which of the following illustrates a situation that would not be protected by the First Amendment due to time, place, and manner restrictions?* A) A student is expelled from school for wearing a black T-shirt expressing opposition to a law recently passed by the state legislature. B) An organization regarded as a hate group is not able to obtain a permit to march through a major city because of its message. C) Anti-business protestors are arrested and prosecuted for shutting down major intersections in New York City's Times Square during rush hour. D) An independent political advocacy organization is prevented by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) from running political advertisements on television.

C

Which of the following is most likely responsible for the increase in the number of southern African American state legislators between 1960 and 1992 as shown in the graph?* A) The Civil Rights Act of 1964 B) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) C) The Voting Rights Act of 1965 D) The Nineteenth Amendment

C

Which of the following reflects the Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade (1973) ?* A) It ruled that the state had an overarching right to prohibit women of all ages from having abortions anytime during their pregnancies. B) It ruled that the state had a justifiable interest to legalize abortion. C) It ruled that a woman's right to an abortion was a privacy right incorporated to all of the states. D) It ruled that the case was moot, as Roe's pregnancy had ended by the time the case came up for review.

C

Which of the following rulings is most likely to cite the Supreme Court's decision in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) as a legal precedent in support of the decision? A) A ruling supporting the creation of gun-free zones in public schools B) A ruling enforcing mandatory vaccinations for all children before attending school C) A ruling in favor of students to print their opinions in a school newspaper D) A ruling against a public school's practice of having prayer at school assemblies

C

Which of the following scenarios best explains how the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment has influenced political behavior?* A) Grassroots libertarian advocacy organizations have advocated in favor of less economic regulation of the marketplace. B) The Supreme Court has ruled that Fifth Amendment prohibition on double jeopardy was made applicable to the states. C) Civil Rights leaders such as Martin Luther King, Jr., cited constitutional arguments as a basis for opposing segregation and inequality. D) President Franklin D. Roosevelt's State of the Union address urged Congress to pass legislation that would ensure greater economic security for the American people.

C

Which of the following scenarios would be considered a violation of the rights of someone accused of a crime, according to the Supreme Court?* A) A witness is called to testify against a suspect accused of plotting a terrorist attack. B) A police officer acts to stop a crime while it is being committed but does so without a warrant. C) A person who is unable to afford an attorney is tried and convicted of a crime without legal representation. D) A suspect is informed of the right to an attorney but confesses to a crime prior to receiving legal advice.

C

Which of the following would be considered an instance in which time, place, and manner restrictions would be applied to the First Amendment?* A) A city enforces its laws restricting noise to limit the scale of an outdoor concert event intended to raise public awareness of climate change. B) A group with offensive signs is denied a permit to march through the streets because local residents and businesses oppose the group's message. C) A person is arrested after making a threat to police officers who are investigating a crime scene. D) A newspaper publishes an article that publicly defames the reputation of a private individual.

C

"The original understanding of the Second Amendment was neither an individual right to self-defense nor a collective right of the states, but rather a civic right that guaranteed that citizens would be able to keep and bear those arms needed to meet their legal obligation to participate in a well-regulated militia. Nothing better captured this constitutional ideal than the minuteman. Citizens had a legal obligation to outfit themselves with a musket at their own expense and were expected to turn out at a minute's notice to defend their community, state, and eventually their nation.Although each side in the modern debate claims to be faithful to the historical Second Amendment, a restoration of its original meaning, re-creating the world of the minuteman, would be a nightmare that neither side would welcome. It would certainly involve more intrusive gun regulation, not less. . . . Gun control advocates might blanch at the notion that all Americans would be required to receive firearms training and would certainly look askance at the idea of requiring all able-bodied citizens to purchase their own military-style assault weapons." Saul Cornell, A Well-Regulated Militia: The Founding Fathers and the Origins of Gun Control in America, Oxford University Press, 2006 Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to the topic of the article?* A) Engel v. Vitale (1962) B) Baker v. Carr (1962) C) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) D) McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

D

A group unhappy with local law enforcement distributes a memo to members encouraging physical confrontations with police officers. The leaders of the group are promptly arrested. Which of the following Supreme Court cases best justifies the actions taken by law enforcement in this scenario?* A) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) B) Engel v. Vitale (1962) C) New York Times v. United States (1971) D) Schenck v. United States (1919)

D

A public school district implemented a policy that allowed students to vote on whether they wanted a student-led prayer to be read at football games. This policy was later found to be unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court. Which of the following clauses did the policy most likely violate?* A) The interstate commerce clause B) The free exercise clause C) The supremacy clause D) The establishment clause

D

In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), the Supreme Court ruling limited state action in segregating public school students based on their race, stating "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." The Court pointed to which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution to achieve this ruling?* A) The First Amendment B) The Fifth Amendment C) The Thirteenth Amendment D) The Fourteenth Amendment

D

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that "the doctrine of separate but equal has no place" in the Constitution?* A) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) B) Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) C) Engel v. Vitale (1962) D) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

D

The Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause declares that "No State shall . . . deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." In which of the following scenarios is this clause most likely to be used by the Supreme Court in its decision?* A) state law levies a tax on a bank established by the federal government. B) Congress uses the commerce clause to establish a gun-free school zone. C) A media company is prevented from publishing a classified document. D) A local school district mandates racially segregated schools.

D

The clause of the United States Constitution that was used in the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) was* A) The due process clause B) The necessary and proper clause C) The free exercise clause D) The equal protection clause

D

Which of the following Supreme Court cases established that those accused of felonies who cannot afford legal counsel are entitled to legal counsel provided by the state?* A) United States v. Lopez (1995) B) McDonald v. Chicago (2010) C) Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) D) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

D

Which of the following explains the constitutional reasoning in McDonald v. Chicago (2010) ?* A) The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment requires Congress to protect an individual's ability to keep and bear arms under the Second Amendment. B) The Second Amendment is a collective right and not one intended for individual application. C) The full faith and credit clause requires the state of Illinois to respect the laws of neighboring states concerning the right to keep and bear arms. D) The Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms for the purpose of self-defense is applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.

D

Which of the following is one of the central concerns of the First Amendment?* A) The supremacy of the national over the state governments B) The right of citizens to bear arms C) The division of powers among the three branches of government D) The right of citizens to petition the government for redress of grievances E) The protection of the rights of those accused of committing a crime

D

Name the clause in the 14th Amendment used in the holding (ruling) of Roe v. Wade 1973?

Due Process

The Constitution and its amendments expressly prohibit all of the following EXCEPT A) slavery B) double jeopardy C) cruel and unusual punishment D) unreasonable searches and seizures E) sex discrimination in employment

E

In Bostock v. Clayton County 2020, the Supreme Court in a 6-3 ruling extended the protections of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to which group?

LGBTQIA+

Libel or Slander? Untrue published article in the NY Times

Libel

Civil (blank): actually in the bill of rights Civil (blank): protections against government discrimination

Liberties Rights

What did Members of Congress add to an Education bill in response to social movements seeking to address inequality in education for women?

Title IX (9)

Name the law that had the most impact on the increased number of African Americans being elected to Congress.

Voting Rights Act 1965