Gov Final

Governments that control all aspects of its citizens' lives are called

authoritarian

The Connecticut Compromise or the Great Compromise led to the creation of the United States':

bicameral legislature

A ____________ is a hierarchical authority structure that uses task specialization, operates on the merit principle, and behaves with impersonality.

bureaucracy

What is the difference between block grants and categorical grants?

categorical grants are for a specific, designated purpose while block grants are not

A written instrument from the authorities of a society granting rights or privileges is called a:

charter

Read the following and then choose the term that best describes the scenario: Congress must have a 2/3 majority in each house to override a presidential veto.

checks and balances

Which answer best describes the functions of government?

Providing leadership, Maintaining order, Providing national security, Providing economic security and assistance

In a constitutional rights case, the Supreme Court's decision acts as...

The law in future cases that are the same.

The United States is divided into 12 regions, each one with a

United States Court of Appeals

Who presides over the Senate? In other words, who is the President of the Senate?

Vice President

In order for a police officer to search your residence they need a:

search warrant

Which type of committee is created for a limited time and a specific investigatory purpose?

select commitee

Read the following and then answer the question below: "There can be no liberty where the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person... [or] if the power of judging be not separated from the legislative and executive powers." The above quote can be best attributed to which of the following governmental concepts?

separation of powers

What is Economics?

the study of how people and nations use their limited resources to attempt to satisfy needs and wants

Federal aid is a major source of income for state and local governments

true

Sometimes, a constitutional right does not apply in a situation.

true

The basic powers of the national government are divided among three distinct and co-equal branches.

true

The Articles of Confederation laid out a plan for the central, or national, government. There was no national court system, no president or king, and a single chambered legislature. In other words, what sort of legislature?

unicameral

Which of the following is a system of government where all key powers are given to the national or central government?

unitary

Which of the following is an important structural barrier to third-party and independent candidate success in the United States?

winner-take-all districts

What is the president's salary?

$400,000

Which of the following would be heard by a state court? Choose all the answers that apply.

- cases about a state law or rule - cases that involve citizens in one state - cases about land and property - cases about the state constitution - cases about family issues

Liberal ideology is best defined as which of the following?

A belief in increasing the role of government to regulate the economy and create government programs that help the most needy

Conservative ideology is best defined as which of the following?

A belief in limiting government regulation of the economy, but upholding traditional values by imposing restrictions on behaviors

How many senators are there in the U.S. Senate?

100

How long are terms in the U.S. House of Representatives?

2 years

Which of the following is NOT to an incumbent's advantage?

27th amendment

In order to become president someone must be:

35 years old, a natural-born citizen, and have residency for 14+ years

How long is a President's term?

4 years

How many members are there in the U.S. House of Representatives?

435

"Everyone believes that the FBI should have the tools it needs to catch dangerous criminals. But too often over the past decade, intelligence and law enforcement agencies choose approaches that sweep up information from millions of innocent Americans instead of targeting terrorists and criminals. These approaches don't make us safer. "The changes to Rule 41 allow the FBI to hack millions of victims of cybercrime. These victims of hacks are regular people, not criminals." -Cecilia Kang, "Ron Wyden Discusses Encryption, Data Privacy and Security," New York Times,October 9, 2016 Which of the following constitutional provisions limits the power of the federal government to collect digital metadata as described by Senator Wyden?

4th Amendment

How long are terms in the U.S. Senate?

6 years

Under the War Powers Resolution, how many days does the Congress have to make a decision after the president deploys troops?

60

What was the result of Shays's Rebellion?

A few months after ___________ _________________, delegates from the states began meeting to propose changes to the Articles of Confederation.

What is a independent regulatory commission?

A government agency responsible for making and enforcing rules to protect the public interest in a particular sector of the economy and for judging disputes over these rules

Based on previous rulings, the Supreme Court is most likely to view a case concerning which of the following as a symbolic speech case?

A man who was arrested for waving a Nazi flag at a rally

Affirmative action is best defined as which of the following?

A policy benefiting those who tend to suffer from discrimination or are members of a historically disadvantaged group

The establishment clause is best defined as which of the following?

A provision of the First Amendment which prohibits the federal government from making an official American religion

Based on previous rulings, which of the following scenarios would most likely violate the freedom of speech clause of the First Amendment?

A public school district bans students from wearing t-shirts supporting presidential candidates before an election

Based on previous rulings, which of the following scenarios would most likely violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?

A state law criminalizes intermarriage between white and black citizens

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a way that one of the major political parties can negatively impact a third party's chance of winning?

Add issues that concern third-party voters into their platforms

The claim that the judiciary has "no influence over either the sword or the purse" and thus will always be "the least dangerous branch" can be traced back to:

Alexander Hamilton's argument in Fedearlist No. 78

Which of the following scenarios is an example of how a state may constitutionally limit free speech at a protest demonstration?

Antoni starts yelling for other protestors to light buildings on fire and the police arrest him

Enumerated (expressed) powers are found in the U.S. Constitution, in:

Article 1, Section 8

Read the following description and then choose the Article of the U.S. Constitution being described: Deals with everything regarding the Legislative Branch of our government.

Article I

Read the following description and then choose the Article of the U.S. Constitution being described: Deals with everything regarding the Executive Branch of our government

Article II

Read the following and then answer the question below: "There can be no liberty where the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person... [or] if the power of judging be not separated from the legislative and executive powers." The above quote can be attributed to which of the following philosophers?

Charles-Louis de Montesquieu

What is the source of the president's authority?

Article II of the US Constitution

Read the following description and then choose the Article of the U.S. Constitution being described: Deals with everything regarding the Judicial Branch of our government

Article III

Read the following description and then choose the Article of the U.S. Constitution being described: Deals with the States and relations among and between the States

Article IV

Read the following description and then choose the Article of the U.S. Constitution being described: Deals with the changes to the Constitution; how to change the Constitution

Article V

Read the following description and then choose the Article of the U.S. Constitution being described: Declares that the U.S. Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land

Article VI

Read the following description and then choose the Article of the U.S. Constitution being described: Explains the ratification process and basically, establishes the Constitution as valid law

Article VII

The United States' first national government was governed under this document

Articles of Confederation

Which of the following actions by a news organization would most likely be protected from prior restraint based on the precedent established by New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)?

Broadcasting a televised report that analyzes classified information about government surveillance of other countries

Which of the following statements would most accurately be attributed to Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

By working cooperative, people created a social contract that allowed them to preserve their rights while at the same time creating law and government.

What is the name for a plan that provides the rules for government

Constitution

The Supremacy Clause contained in the Constitution states that the

Constitution is the supreme law of the land

Which bureaucratic department is responsible for anti-terrorism, border security, and disaster prevention, among other things?

Department of Homeland Security

The only bureaucratic department not headed by a secretary is the:

Department of Justice

What is canvassing?

Direct contact with individuals in order to solicit votes for a particular party or candidate(s)

Which of the following important functions of democracy would most likely be more difficult without political parties?

Educating voters on upcoming elections

What are Block Grants?

Federal money to states with only general provisions as to the way it is to be spent

What was the result of the Hatch Act's passing?

Prohibits civil service employees from actively participating in partisan politics while on duty

Which of the following IS a presidential responsibility?

Give information to Congress about the State of the Union

Prior restraint is best defined as which of the following

Government censorship that blocks free speech or publication

The Green Party (GPUS) advocates environmentalism, social justice, and anti-war/anti-racism agendas. Which of the following statements accurately describes a barrier to the Green Party winning congressional seats or the presidency?

Incorporation of third-party issue positions or platforms by major political parties

Each side in a constitutional rights case will usually...

Interpret the Constitution differently.

In a constitutional rights case, the government usually argues that...

It did not violate someone's rights

Which Enlightenment thinker is credited with having first posited the "natural" rights of life, liberty, and property?

John Locke

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the powers of the judicial branch and the powers of the legislative branch?

Judicial Powers: interpreting the Constitution AND Legislative Powers: establishing inferior courts

When was the Declaration of Independence approved by the Continental Congress?

July 4, 1776

According to the authors of the Declaration of Independence, what are the unalienable rights?

Life, liberty, and the pursuit of hapiness

Which clause provides the source of Congress' implied powers?

elastic clause

The celebrated decision in this case gave the Supreme Court judicial review

Marbury v. Madison

"No union is more profound than marriage, for it embodies the highest ideals of love, fidelity, devotion, sacrifice, and family . . . It would misunderstand these men and women to say they disrespect the idea of marriage. Their plea is that they do respect it, respect it so deeply that they seek to find its fulfillment for themselves. Their hope is not to be condemned to live in loneliness, excluded from one of civilization's oldest institutions. They ask for equal dignity in the eyes of the law. The Constitution grants them that right." -Justice Anthony Kennedy, majority opinion in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?

Marriage is a fundamental right under the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection and due process clauses

What is concurrent power?

Powers that are not exclusively given to the national nor denied to state government tax,building roads, establishing lower courts

This largely ceremonial position, presides over the Senate when the Vice President is absent:

President Pro Tempore

What is impoundment?

President refusing to spend funding allocated by Congress

Which of the following scenarios is an example of how a state can restrict protected speech under the First Amendment?

New York passes a law banning groups from staging protests in major highways during rush hour traffic

Who can vote in a closed primary?

Only members of the political party

Which of the following best explains the function of the platforms of the two major US political parties?

Platforms are a set of general principles, goals, and strategies designed to give voters a sense of what candidates believe in and will address if elected

Which of the following statements best describes descriptive representation

Representing constituents by mirroring their characteristics

Which of the following statements best describes substantive representation

Representing constituents by representing their interests

Which of the following best describes a mandate?

Requires states to take on a certain activity or provide a service that meets a national standard.

According to the authors of the Declaration of Independence, when a government no longer protects its people, what do the people have the right to do?

Right to alter or abolish it

Which of the following statements best describes a joint committee?

Senators and Representatives from the House serve together on issues of a continuous nature

Which of the following statements best describes a conference committee?

Senators and Representatives from the House serve together to hammer out the difference between bills passed in the different chambers

MediaQuant is a firm that tracks media coverage for each candidate and assigns a dollar value to it based on advertising rates. It evaluated the 2016 presidential campaign and concluded that Donald Trump received $4.96 billion in free media coverage, 60% of which came from the internet, including online news, blogs, forums, and social media. Which statement best explains the significance of this campaign strategy?

Social media allows candidates to personalize outreach to a new generation of voters, bypassing reliance on political parties and platforms

What can the President NOT do in the lawmaking process?

The President can add new concepts to the bill, making it to their liking.

This position presides over the U.S. House of Representatives and is also 2nd in line of presidential succession

Speaker of the House

This is the court of last resort in all questions of federal law

Supreme Court

Which of the following is NOT one of the president's responsibilities?

Tell Congress what laws it must pass

In recent years the Supreme Court has applied the decision across all states that individuals have the right to possess a firearm in the home for self-defense. Which of the following is a reason for this?

The Fourteenth Amendment applies the Second Amendment to the States

Which of the following describes a difficulty the judicial branch has in the policy implementation process?

The Supreme Court must rely on the other branches of government to enforce its rulings

"There is no position which depends on clearer principles, than that every act of a delegated authority, contrary to the tenor of the commission under which it is exercised, is void. No legislative act, therefore, contrary to the Constitution, can be valid." -Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 78, "The Judiciary Department," 1788 Which of the following statements best summarizes Hamilton's argument?

The Supreme Court should have the power of judicial review

"So if a law be in opposition to the constitution; if both the law and the constitution apply to a particular case, so that the court must either decide that case conformably to the law, disregarding the constitution; or conformably to the constitution, disregarding the law; the court must determine which of these conflicting rules governs the case. This is of the very essence of judicial duty. If, then, the courts are to regard the constitution, and the constitution is superior to any ordinary act of the legislature, the constitution, and not such ordinary act, must govern the case to which they both apply." -John Marshall, decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803) Which of the following statements best summarizes Marshall's argument?

The Supreme Court should judge whether a law is constitutional

To decide whether someone's rights were violated courts look at...

The U.S. Constitution

The concept of limited government is best described as:

The concept that the governments power is not absolute

Which of the following government policies would be most likely to draw criticism for interfering with individual rights under the Second Amendment?

The federal government passes a law banning the sale of automatic weapons to anyone under the age of twenty-one

Which of the following is NOT true about the English Bill of Rights?

The people do NOT have a right to petition the government and to have a fair and speedy trial by a jury of their peers.

Which of the following best explains how third parties affect the US political system?

They can shift national attention to particular issues and influence the outcomes of elections

"As is now well known, political parties in recent years have built databases to facilitate targeting strategies. These databases list the names and contact information for all voters in a district, along with information about their personal traits, their neighborhoods, and their history of political participation. Politicians and their campaigns use these lists to perceive the electorate. The lists help them understand who their supporters are, what issues different voters care about, and how they should present themselves to voters in their campaign appeals. This large-scale collection of data influences how politicians perceive voters, and in turn, it affects how they interact with voters." -Source: Eitan D. Hersh, Hacking the Electorate: How Campaigns Perceive Voters, 2015 Which of the following statements best summarizes the author's argument on how political parties use voter data?

To clarify political messages and enhance mobilization efforts

What is the purpose of both the majority and minority whips?

To persuade party members to vote the party line

What is needed to overrule a president's veto?

a 2/3 majority vote in Congress

What is NOT an exception to privileges and immunities?

a citizen's salary

Which of the following statements best describes a standing committee?

a permanent committee that meets regularly

Which of the following answers best describes a state:

a population that occupies a definite terrirotiry and has an organized government, with sovereignty

When referring to governmental studies, what is a "string"?

a requirement attached to federal aid that must be completed before a state receives aid

Which historical events, documents, and philosophers influenced American colonists' ideas about government?

all of the answers - English Bill of Rights - Charles-Louis de Montesquieu - Magna Carta - Jean-Jacques Rousseau

The Supreme Court exercises judicial self-restraint by

all of the answers - not enforcing laws itself - applying the doctrine of political questions - limiting its jurisdiction

Complete the statement: The work of congress is done in...

commitee

An economic system in which the central government directs all major economic decisions

communism

In reference to gerrymandering, what is packing?

concentrating the opposing party's voting power in one district to reduce their voting power in other districts

Which of the following is the system of government which is best described as a loose union of independent and sovereign states?

confederate

What was NOT a result of the War Powers Resolution (1973)?

congress took back control from executive branch

Use the text below to answer the following question. "Simplifying our tax code will help the middle class because it will make it easier for small businesses to hire and grow. And we agree with the President that we should lower our corporate tax rate, which is one of the highest in the world, so that companies will start bringing their money and their jobs back here from overseas." -Senator Marco Rubio in a response to the State of the Union Address, 2013 Which of the following ideological perspectives is most consistent with the author?

conservative

What was the goal of the Civil Service Act (1883)?

created a system where hiring and promotion would be based on merit

In Federalist No. 78, Alexander Hamilton:

declared that the courts should have the power to overturn unconstitutional acts of Congress

This system of government comes from the Greek word demos (meaning "the people") and kratia (meaning "rule").

democracy

Someone who is committed to democracy but wants government involvement in the distribution of wealth is a:

democratic socialist

The lifting of government restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities

deregulation

In reference to gerrymandering, what is cracking?

diluting the voting power of the opposing party's supporters across many districts

Match the following statement with the appropriate theory: An idea that a god or gods have chosen certain people to rule. To oppose these rulers was considered both treason and a sin.

divine right theory

A person cannot be tried twice for the same criminal offense because of

double jeopardy

In 1961, Clarence Earl Gideon stood trial in Florida, accused of robbing a pool hall. Gideon was poor and could not afford a lawyer. He requested that the court provide one for him, but Florida only provided lawyers for defendants accused of capital offenses. The Supreme Court decided to throw out the conviction because lawyers were necessary to ensure a fair trial. The Court ruled that states must provide counsel to defendants too poor to afford lawyers or they are violating the constitutional right to legal counsel. Which of the following constitutional provisions does the case above describe?

due process clause

Match the following statement with the appropriate theory: Family was the authority that served as government. In time, the head of a family served as heads of clans, tribes, and eventually the nation, acting as head of state or government.

evolution theory

Read the following then choose the branch of government that has this "check" and/or "balance": Can call a special session of Congress

executive

Read the following then choose the branch of government that has this "check" and/or "balance": This branch appoints federal judges

executive

What is the term that described the following: one jurisdiction delivers a person accused or convicted of committing a crime in another jurisdiction, over to their law enforcement?

extradition

Grants-in-aid are money and resources the states give to the federal government

false

The Constitution places all governmental powers in the hands of the national government to ensure a strong central government.

false

Which of the following is a system of government that divides the power of government between national and state/provincial governments?

federal

Sharing of powers between the levels of government (national and state) is referred to as:

federalism

Which statement best describes the concept of federalism?

federalism is the idea that all states are united under a system of government while still remaining independent in internal affairs

Match the following statement with the appropriate theory: Government came about when all the people of an area were brought under the authority of one person or a group that used threats

force theory

In 1976, a Nebraska state trial judge issued a gag order, restricting the press from publishing or broadcasting information about the case. The Nebraska Press Association appealed the ruling and the case went to the Supreme Court. The Court ruled that the press reporting events surrounding the trial would not affect the defendant's right to a fair trial. Which of the following constitutional protections or clauses does this case have in common with New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)? Which of the following constitutional protections or clauses does this case have in common with New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)?

freedom of the press

The majority of cases the Supreme Court hears come

from lower courts as appeals

Morgan and Taylor got married in Colorado, but plan on moving to California next month. What concept in the Constitution protects Morgan and Taylor from having to be remarried in California?

full faith and credit

What principle describes how legal documents from one state are legal in another state

full faith and credit

According to our textbook, what are rights that are believed to belong justifiably to every person?

human rights

What is a set of basic beliefs about life, culture, government, and society?

ideology

Powers that are not explicitly expressed in the Constitution, but that are suggested are:

implied powers

Which powers are found in the 10th amendment?

implied powers

California and Oregon agree to build and maintain a new port; this is an example of

interstate compacts

A mutually benefiting relationship between a bureaucratic agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group is called (a):

iron triangle

Read the following then choose the branch of government that has this "check" and/or "balance": Has the ability to rule federal and state laws unconstitutional

judicial

Read the following and then choose the term that best describes the scenario: The Supreme Court recently struck down part of the Patriot Act as unconstitutional.

judicial review

What is the maximum amount of years a person can serve as President of the United States?

just under 10 years

The philosophy that government should keep its hands off the economy

laissez-faire

Read the following then choose the branch of government that has this "check" and/or "balance" Has the ability to impeach the president

legislative

Read the following then choose the branch of government that has this "check" and/or "balance": Has the ability change the number of and jurisdiction of federal courts

legislative

Read the following then choose the branch of government that has this "check" and/or "balance": Has the power to refuse nominations and treaties

legislative

Use the text below to answer the following question. "We should accept our responsibility in the fight against global warming by supporting stricter pollution emission standards for cars sold in Maryland by adopting the Clean Cars Act. By taking action, we are not only going to be able to help children who suffer everyday from asthma, we are also going to be able to remove pollutants from the air, and be able, to a degree, to remove those pollutants from the Bay. We can join 11 other states in getting this done, and getting it done this year." -Governor Martin O'Malley of Maryland, State of the State Address, 2007 Which of the following ideological perspectives is most consistent with the author?

liberal

Which of the following ideological perspectives is most consistent with the Democratic Party's platform?

liberal

What is NOT one of the other forms of compensation a president receives upon leaving office?

lifetime pension of $400,000

Read the following and then choose the term that best describes the scenario: The First Amendment prohibits Congress from establishing a national religion

limited government

What term best describes a formal order given by a higher authority?

mandates

How are members of the U.S. House of Representatives chosen?

members chosen by district

A system of government in which a small group holds power

oligarchy

What was the Three-Fifths Compromise?

only three-fifths of all enslaved people were to be counted for both tax and representation purposes.

In reference to political ideology, the tendency of people to divide into opposing groups is called:

polarization

A Supreme Court decision sets a

precedent

The use of governmental authority to control or change some practice in the private sector

regulation

What is a system government in which people elect delegates to make laws and conduct government?

representative government

A government in which voters hold sovereign power, elected representatives, responsible to the people, exercise that power

republic

Read the following and then choose the term that best describes the scenario: Congress is given the power to tax imports and coin money in the U.S. Constitution.

separation of powers

A member of congress makes a false spoken statement with the intention of ruining another member of congress' career and reputation. This is called:

slander

What is the term for the hypothetical agreement between a citizenry and its government whereby the individual exchanges freedoms for protection?

social contract

In 1912, President Theodore Roosevelt founded the "Bull Moose" or Progressive Party from the Republican Party to support progressive principles. What type of third party was Roosevelt's Progressive Party?

splinter party

If some power exists that is not explicitly granted to any level of government, what level of government has that power "reserved"

state

What is a class action?

suit brought by a group of people who share a common grievance

The power to confirm appointments to the Supreme Court resides in

the Senate

In Federalist No. 78, Alexander Hamilton stated that:

the complete independence of the courts of justice is essential in a limited constitution

In 2006, the Supreme Court heard a case about a state banning a substance used during religious ceremonies. The state banned the substance because it contained a drug prohibited by the Controlled Substances Act. But the religious organization, O Centro Espirita Beneficiente Uniao de Vegetal (UDV) said the government was interfering with religious practices by banning the use of the substance. The Supreme Court agreed and ruled that the government did not prove a compelling interest in regulating the UDV's use of drugs for religious ceremonies. Which of the following constitutional clauses does the ruling on this case rely on?

the free exercise clause

"Whatsoever therefore is consequent to a time of Warre [war], where every man is Enemy to every man; the same is consequent to the time, wherein men live without other security, than what their own strength, and their own invention shall furnish them withall.... And the life of man, solitary, poore, nasty, brutish, and short," -Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, 1651 Source A is most likely describing the concept of:

the state of nature

What is public policy?

the stated course of action the government takes to address problems or issues