GOV quiz 1 terms

In November 1777, the Continental Congress adopted the United States' first written constitution. This document, approved in 1781, was the: a. Virginia Plan b. Annapolis Convention c. Declaration of Independence d. Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union e. Seneca Falls Declaration

d. Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union*

What happened when public opinion in Texas began to show more tolerance of same-sex relationships? a. County officials in Texas were flooded with applications from same-sex couples seeking marriage licenses. b. Elected officials in Texas immediately began to vote in favor of legalizing gay marriage. c. There was a violent outcry from social conservatives across the state. d. The polling results were greeted with surprise and skepticism.

d. The polling results were greeted with surprise and skepticism.

18. All the following were threats to the young United States, motivating American leaders to create a better national government, except: a. Britain and its support of Indians, encroachment on American fishing grounds, and impressment American seamen b. farmers' and debtors' revolts against harsh state governments, such as Shays's Rebellion c. Parts of existing states or new political communities west of the Appalachians might want to create their own states or align with a foreign power d. The tyrannical power of the US government under the Confederation Congress. e. Native Americans who continued to attack settlers in the western parts of the states and near west.

d. The tyrannical power of the US government under the Confederation Congress.*

What role do public schools play in the process of political socialization? a. They attempt to influence students to support politically conservative policies and candidates. b. They encourage debate over controversial issues and require political participation in the community. c. They attempt to influence students to support politically liberal policies and candidates. d. They teach political history and promote patriotism and civic engagement.

d. They teach political history and promote patriotism and civic engagement.

What is political culture? a. the ways in which politicians and political actors interact with each other b. the scientific measurement of attitudes, also known as public opinion c. the attitudes and values within political institutions ranging from small town city councils to the federal government d. a set of shared values, beliefs, and behaviors that relate to government and politics

d. a set of shared values, beliefs, and behaviors that relate to government and politics

In the chain of events leading up to the American Revolution, the radical forces were able to expand their political influence because colonial elites: a. disagreed over slavery b. disagreed over western boundary disputes c. disagreed over common currency d. disagreed over British tax and trade policies e. could not bridge their language barriers

d. disagreed over British tax and trade policies*

The political principles of classical liberalism that the founders got from the European Enlightenment (and from John Locke, especially), in combination with the conditions that the English and other Europeans settlers experienced in colonial America, motivated the founders to do all of the following except: a. advocate and establish a written Constitution. b. call for and establish a republican (representative) government c. guarantee the rights to own property , make contracts, and otherwise protect the liberties of American citizens d. promote and establish direct democracy e. declare independence from England, because of its abuse of power

d. promote and establish direct democracy*

Which of the following encouraged Anglo Americans to populate the Texas territory in large numbers? a. the Texas territory's ascension to U.S. statehood in 1845 b. a tradition of exploration beginning in Spanish colonial times c. the institution of slavery in the Texas territory d. the Mexican government's empresario policy

d. the Mexican government's empresario policy

Which of the following describes classical liberalism? a. the embrace of traditional hierarchical social relations, and the interpretation of social change as a threat to established practices and beliefs b. the notion that government should actively intervene in society to foster socially and economically just outcomes c. the belief that changes in traditional practices should be greeted with an open mind d. the valuing of political arrangements that permit the fullest exercise of individual liberty without unreasonably restricting the liberties of others

d. the valuing of political arrangements that permit the fullest exercise of individual liberty without unreasonably restricting the liberties of others

14. We may say of the Declaration of Independence and the Mayflower Compact: a. The Declaration was written by Thomas Jefferson, and, like the Mayflower Compact, did not have a plan for government. b. They were both social compacts, or covenants: pledges of solidarity among the signers. c. They both assumed equality among propertied men—and women and others (slaves, crew members, bound servants, American Indians) did not count. d. Both made reference to a Christian God. e. All of the above

e. All of the above*

According to the Articles of Confederation a. All states had one vote in the Committee of the Whole, but they could have 2-7 delegates each, depending on population b. Canada could join the United States if it wanted c. The central government could only request troops from the separate states—it could not force them to raise troops d. If 9 of the 13 states agreed, the Confederation Congress could execute laws passed by the congress. e. All of the above

e. All of the above*

categorical grants-in-aid

funds given by Congress to states and localities that are earmarked by law for specific categories, such as education or crime prevention

project grants

grant programs in which state and local governments submit proposals to federal agencies and for which funding is provided on a competitive basis

formula grants

grants-in-aid in which a formula is used to determine the amount of federal funds a state or local government will receive

Which ethnic group experienced the slowest population growth rate in Texas from 2000 to 2010? African Americans non-Hispanic whites Latinos Asian Americans

non-Hispanic whites

Which political ideology is concerned primarily with the well-being of ordinary people? classical liberalism liberalism populism social conservatism

populism

home rule

power delegated by the state to a local unit of gov. to manage its own affairs

Which political ideology is associated primarily with the Republican Party today? social conservatism liberalism classical liberalism populism

social conservatism

Which political ideology places a particular value on traditional religious beliefs and practices? social conservatism classical liberalism populism liberalism

social conservatism

Which political group dominated elections at all levels in Texas for nearly a century following Reconstruction? Populists independents the Democratic Party the Republican Party

the Democratic Party

divided government

the condition in American Government in which the presidency controlled by one party, while the opposing part controls one or both houses of congress

bicameralism

the division of a legislative body into two chambers, or houses

separation of powers

the division of governmental power among several institutions that must cooperate in decision making

Government

the institutions and procedures through which a land and its people are ruled

expressed powers

the powers enumerated in the Constitution that are granted to the federal government

legislative supremacy

the preeminent position assigned to Congress by the Constitution

principle agent relationship

the relationship between a principle and his or her agent. may be affected by the fact that each is motivated by self-interest, yet their interests may not be well aligned

eminent powers

the right of the gov. to take private property for public use, with reasonable compensation awarded for the property

institution

the rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior, thereby shaping politics

federalists

those who favor strong national gov. and supported the constitution proposed at the American Constitutional Convention of 1787

How is public opinion measured? a. through online studies evaluating people's responses to the media b. by tallying citizens' votes at the ballot box c. through scientifically designed surveys known as public opinion polls d. by recording attendance at public demonstrations such as rallies and marches

through scientifically designed surveys known as public opinion polls

privileges and immunities clause

A clause in Article IV, Section 2, prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner

unfounded mandates

A public policy that requires a subnational government to pay for an activity or project established by the federal government.

federalism

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

dual federalism

A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.

cooperative federalism

A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly.

judicial review

Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws. asserted this power in Marbury v. Madison(1803)

articles of confederation and perpetual union

America's first written constitution. adopted by the continental congress in 1777, _______________ were the formal basis for America's national government until 1789, when they were superseded by the consitution

Three Fifths Compromise

An agreement reached at the constitutional Convention of 1787 stipulating that for purposes of the apportionment of congressional seats, every slave would be counted a 3/5ths a person

executive privilege

An implied presidential power that allows the president to refuse to disclose information regarding confidential conversations or national security to Congress or the judiciary.

supremacy clause

Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.

full faith and credit clause

Clause in the Constitution (Article 4, Section 1) requiring each state to recognize the civil judgments rendered by the courts of the other states and to accept their public records and acts as valid.

necessary and proper clause

Clause of the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) setting forth the implied powers of Congress. It states that Congress, in addition to its express powers, has the right to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out all powers the Constitution vests in the national government

politics

Conflict, struggle, cooperation, and collaboration over leadership, structure, and policies of government

block grants

Federal money given to the states with few restrictions about how it should be spent

Texas's size and history, as well as its political and cultural variety, have contributed to the development of what might be called a "pragmatic center." Which of the following statements is true regarding the pragmatic center in Texas? a. It tends to reflect relatively conservative, pro-business policy preferences. b. The pragmatic center has been dominated by the Democratic Party and its associated interest groups. c. It is quite moderate, and compares to the pragmatic center of coastal metropolises of the United States. d. The pragmatic center in Texas reflects the historical strength of both parties, and is particularly influenced by populist values.

It tends to reflect relatively conservative, pro-business policy preferences.

Direct Spanish influence on the culture of Texas is overshadowed by which of the following related cultural influences? a. Cuban culture b. Italian culture c. Mexican culture d. Brazilian culture

Mexican culture

regulated federalism

a form of federalism in which congress imposes legislation on states and localities, requiring them to meet national standards

autocracy

a form of government in which a single individual rules

oligarchy

a form of government in which a small group of landowners, military officers, or wealthy merchants controls most of the governing decisions

grants-in-aid

a general term for funds given by congress to state and local governments

state sovereign immunity

a legal doctrine holding that states cannot be sued for violating an act of Congress

constitutional government

a system of rule in which formal and effective limits are placed on the powers of the government

authoritarian government

a system of rule in which the government recognizes no formal limits but may nevertheless be retrained by the power of other social institutions

totalitarian government

a system of rule in which the government recognizes no formal limits on its power and seeks to absorb or eliminate other social institutions that might challenge it

democracy

a system of rule that permits citizens to play a significant part in the governmental process, usually through the selection of key public officials

Which of the following statements is true of public opinion in Texas? a. When survey researchers measure an attitude, they are really measuring an individual's predispositions and information. b. Public polling is largely used by academics and ignored by elected officials. c. Public attitudes on major issues tend to change rapidly and unexpectedly. d. Public opinion is often unpredictable, and strikingly different from what political culture might suggest.

a. When survey researchers measure an attitude, they are really measuring an individual's predispositions and information.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the political climate in Texas after the civil rights movement? a. a comparatively low level of state-funded social services, which are kept minimal by a general hostility toward progressive taxation b. a strong third-party influence that has offset the power of Democrats and Republicans c. policies that support government-driven economic growth, such as environmental regulations that stimulate businesses d. culturally liberal social policies in areas such as education, religion, and civil rights

a. a comparatively low level of state-funded social services, which are kept minimal by a general hostility toward progressive taxation

21. 18. W e may say this of the indentured servants and former indentured servants: a. many moved into the foothills of the Appalachians and beyond after they had served out their terms, because they could not afford land in coastal areas. b. they usually served 2-3 year terms of service. c. young women, because they were more docile and could give birth to still more servants who had to serve until adulthood, were more expensive than young men, who were more likely to run away and fight against masters. d. transported convicted felons worked mostly in New England and more northern colonies. e. all of the above.

a. many moved into the foothills of the Appalachians and beyond after they had served out their terms, because they could not afford land in coastal areas.*

11. A good that may be enjoyed by anyone once it is provided, and that cannot be denied or withheld from anyone once provided, is called a(n): a. public good b. private good c. universal good d. externality e. negative good

a. public good*

What is political socialization? a. the way that people acquire beliefs, values, and habits of thought and action related to government, politics, and society b. the way in which overall political culture is formed in a state or nation c. the process of learning facts about how the world operates d. the process that individuals must go through in order to learn the rules and political institutions within their community

a. the way that people acquire beliefs, values, and habits of thought and action related to government, politics, and society

Great Compromise

an agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that gave each state an equal number of senators regardless of its population but linked representation in the House of Representatives to population

concurrent powers

authority possessed by both state and national governments such as the power to levy taxes

Political socialization could be described as which of the following? a.the process of learning "good behavior" from one's family b. the process of acquiring ideas about people, society, and government c. the act of learning proper table etiquette d. questioning the media and popular culture as one grows older

b. the process of acquiring ideas about people, society, and government

Why do elected leaders and other political actors use elements of political culture to assist them in their efforts? a. They are not generally capable of original thinking. b. Invoking elements of political culture enables them to change this culture. c. They can use political culture to influence voters. d. Invoking elements of political culture is the only means by which they can communicate with voters.

c. They can use political culture to influence voters.

A form of government in which a single individual—a king or queen, a dictator, a military— rules is known as: a. authoritarianism b. an oligarchy c. an autocracy d. totalitarianism e. cronyism

c. an autocracy*

13. In the system devised by the framers of the Constitution, sovereignty was vested in: a. the federal government only b. state governments only c. both the federal and state governments d. township and county governments e. Congress, the first branch

c. both the federal and state governments*

implied powers

Not expressed, but may be considerered through the use of the Necessary and Proper (elastic) Clause

Antifederalist

Opponents of ratification of the Constitution and of a strong central government, generally.

reserved powers

Powers not specifically granted to the federal government or denied to the states belong to the states and the people

commerce clause

The clause in the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1) that gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more than one state or other nations.

Which of the following is true of Texas's population growth? a. The growing population of ethnic minorities in Texas is a result of their historical enjoyment of equal rights in the political process. b. While the growing share of the population is made up of ethnic minorities, these minorities have little influence over Texas's popular culture. c. The increasing share of the population made up of ethnic minorities is poised to alter a political culture historically dominated by Anglos.

The increasing share of the population made up of ethnic minorities is poised to alter a political culture historically dominated by Anglos.

22. According to the Enlightenment, as explained by your instructor: a. Whites and blacks, men and women, were all treated as equally capable of reason and, therefore, of self-rule. b. Beggars, criminals, vagabonds and other of the lowest sort of society— whites all—could justifiably be enslaved according to philosophers such as Thomas More and George Berkeley . c. Indentured servants and fee-paying passengers were treated the same as ship captains in their passage from Britain to colonial North America. d. The design of the Constitution owes more to the example of the Iroquois confederation and Pasquale Paoli, who founded the Corsican Republic, than to John Locke and English and Scottish thinkers. e. All of the above.

b. Beggars, criminals, vagabonds and other of the lowest sort of society— whites all—could justifiably be enslaved according to philosophers such as Thomas More and George Berkeley .*

16. What is politics, as defined in the text and your instructor (following the political scientist Harold Lasswell): a. T wo or three parties competing for votes at the state and national levels b. Deciding "who get what, when, and how"—and why* c. Referenda, elections, appointments, and so forth: contested politics, with clear, obvious winners and losers d. Turning public opinion into public policy e. all of the above

b. Deciding "who get what, when, and how"—and why

British policies before the Revolutionary War especially harmed the economic interests of these two large, influential sectors of colonial society that had previously supported British rule: a. royalists and small farmers b. Southern planters and New England merchants c. small farmers and indentured servants d. New England merchants and shopkeepers e. indentured servants and royalists

b. Southern planters and New England merchants*

15. The "Public Domain" was created with a. The Declaration of Independence, 1776 b. The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, 1781 c. The U .S. Constitution, 1787 d. The Mayflower Compact of 1620 e. With the Jamestown Colony of 1607

b. The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, 1781

Why have Texans adopted a "low taxes, low services" approach to government? a. Texas politicians who have suggested income taxes have committed "political suicide." b. This approach has developed out of Texas's balance between classical liberalism, social conservatism, and populism. c. Texas's population is wealthy enough to have little need for government services. d. The Texas government is not equipped to offer services that are on par with those of other states.

b. This approach has developed out of Texas's balance between classical liberalism, social conservatism, and populism.

When a small group of landowners, military officers, wealthy merchants, or others has essentially sole political authority , the government is said to be:a. a theocracy b. an oligarchy c. an autocracy d. a meritocracy e. a representative democracy

b. an oligarchy*

The idea that the federal government can exercise only the powers specifically articulated in the Constitution is known as the doctrine of: a. implied powers b. expressed powers c. separation of powers d. necessary and proper powers e. original limits

b. expressed powers*

12. Article II of the U .S. Constitution: a. establishes the judicial power of the national government. b. vests the executive power in a president. c. permits members of the House of Representatives to impeach the US president, if provided with good cause. d. establishes that Americans are guaranteed equal protection under the law and are entitled to their civil liberties. e. determines the ratification process

b. vests the executive power in a president.

20. The following may all be said about Lukes's three dimensions of power, except: a. power can be overt, made obvious from people's behavior where they coerce others to do what they would not otherwise do b. power can be non-decisions: the determination of the issues that are not brought up for settlement or adjudication. c. Lukes seeks to contribute to the ongoing debate between pluralist and elite understandings of politics d. the third face of power is non-observable, it can suppress the real interests of others and hide latent conflicts. e. At the end of the day, we should be pessimistic about studying the third dimension of power, it "is the merely metaphysical or the merely ideological."

e. At the end of the day, we should be pessimistic about studying the third dimension of power, it "is the merely metaphysical or the merely ideological."*

10. The Declaration is each of these except: a. a document of foreign policy b. a document that, several times, honored an unspecific God c. a list of grievances against the Britain (several exaggerated or false) d. a unified statement by delegates from Britain's American colonies e. a guideline for the future government of the United States

e. a guideline for the future government of the United States*

Government has to: a. at minimum, supply coercion and be able to accrue, or get, revenue b. provide for a degree of safety and public health if it is to be effective c. allow for movement with roads, navigable waterways, and other necessary transportation, to promote commerce and people's livelihoods d. be able to defend the people and area it controls e. all of the above

e. all of the above

17 . W e may say this of early America: a. Large proportions of convicts and one-fourth of black slaves died soon after arriving to the New W orld b. There was a great imbalance among the numbers of male and female European Americans in the colonies. c. Colonists had mixed motives for coming to America, just as the colonies themselves were established for different reasons d. Over half of the European immigrants to the American colonies came over as unfree e. all of the above

e. all of the above*

19. Federalism, according to your instructor has to deal with this issue: a. how are new states going to be added to the union, and on what terms? b. how much power do the states give up to the new central government? c. how do the states—which are unequal in size and population, as any set of states or countries are going to be—relate to each other in the new government? d. how many states, and which states in particular, can join the union? e. all of the above

e. all of the above*