Government

Which United States Supreme Court decision was based on the Necessary and Proper Clause? A) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) B) Marbury v. Madison (1803) C) West Virginia v. Barnette (1943) D) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

A) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

What is the first phrase of the U.S. Constitution? A) "We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union" B) "The present situation of the world is indeed without a parallel" C) "When in the course of human events" D) "Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence"

A) "We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union"

Which phrase is included in the Declaration of Independence? A) "all men are created equal" B) "I pledge allegiance, to the flag" C) "in order to form a more perfect union" D) "promote the general welfare"

A) "all men are created equal"

Which phrase from a letter written by President Thomas Jefferson in 1802 reflects a freedom in the Bill of Rights? A) "building a wall of separation between Church & State" B) "the legitimate powers of government reach actions only" C) "my duties dictate a faithful and zealous pursuit of the interests of my constituents" D) "Adhering to this expression of the supreme will of the nation"

A) "building a wall of separation between Church & State"

Which of the following pairs of United States Supreme Court cases resulted in limiting the power for local governments? A) Brown v. Board of Education (1954) and District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) B) Engel v. Vitale (1962) and Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) C) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and West Virginia v. Barnette (1943) D) Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) and Bush v. Gore (2000)

A) Brown v. Board of Education (1954) and District of Columbia v. Heller (2008)

Which of the following documents provided a rationale for the Declaration of Independence? A) Common Sense B) Bill of Rights C) Federalist Papers D) U.S. Constitution

A) Common Sense

Which of the following cases impacted Fourth Amendment protections at the state level? A) Mapp v. Ohio (1961) B) Roe v. Wade (1973) C) District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) D) Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

A) Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Which United States Supreme Court case established the power of judicial review? A) Marbury v. Madison (1803) B) Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) C) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) D) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

A) Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Which of the following pairs of cases limited the rights of African Americans? A) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) B) Brown v. Board of Education (1954) and McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) C) Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) and McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) D)Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) and Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

A) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Which United States Supreme Court decision resulted in reduced power for state governments? A) Roe v. Wade (1973) B) U.S. v. Nixon (1974) C) Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) D) Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

A) Roe v. Wade (1973)

Which is a core theme of the Federalist Papers? A) The proposed Constitution should be ratified. B) Federal action should require approval by a majority of the states. C) The proposed Bill of Rights should be ratified. D) State governments should have greater say in decisions of the federal government.

A) The proposed Constitution should be ratified.

Which United States Supreme Court decision was based on the First Amendment? A) Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) B) U.S. v. Nixon (1974) C) Marbury v. Madison (1803) D) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

A) Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) Tinker v. Des Moines is a historic Supreme Court ruling from 1969 that cemented students' rights to free speech in public schools. Mary Beth Tinker was a 13-year-old junior high school student in December 1965 when she and a group of students decided to wear black armbands to school to protest the war in Vietnam. United States v. Nixon, 418 U.S. 683, was a noted United States Supreme Court case that resulted in an unanimous decision against President Richard Nixon, ordering him to deliver tape recordings and other subpoenaed materials to a federal district court. Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137, was a U.S. Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review in the United States, meaning that American courts have the power to strike down laws, statutes, and some government actions that violate the Constitution of the United States. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) is one of the first and most important Supreme Court cases on federal power. In this case, the Supreme Court held that Congress has implied powers derived from those listed in Article I, Section 8. The "Necessary and Proper" Clause gave Congress the power to establish a national bank. Also, that the state of Maryland lacked the power to tax the Bank.

What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful? A) checks and balances B) bills of attainder C) eminent domain D) the Electoral College

A) checks and balances

What is an example of a power reserved to the states? A) creating school systems B) coining money C) declaring war D) making treaties

A) creating school systems

What did the Declaration of Independence do? A) declared independence from Great Britain B) declared independence from Germany C) declared independence from Spain D) declared independence from France

A) declared independence from Great Britain

The colonists used a political cartoon with the caption "Join or Die" to support which action? A) forming their own government B) promoting international treaties C) establishing their own schools D) creating local communities

A) forming their own government

What is the minimum number of members of the U.S. House of Representatives representing each state? A) one B) three C) two D) four

A) one

Which right did the colonists consider "inalienable" in the Declaration of Independence? A) pursuit of happiness B) privacy C) trial by jury D) voting

A) pursuit of happiness

What is one power of the U.S. Senate? A) ratify international treaties B) impeach government officials C) ratify constitutional amendments D) declare laws unconstitutional

A) ratify international treaties

Which structure found in the U.S. Constitution was included as a response to a concern expressed in the Declaration of Independence? A) separation of powers B) universal suffrage C) unitary government D) limited monarchy

A) separation of powers

What is one responsibility of only U.S. citizens? A) petitioning the government B) serving on a jury C) paying taxes D) attending public meetings

A) serving on a jury

In what 1620 document do the writers form a "civil body politic"? A) the Mayflower Compact B) the Declaration of Independence C) the Articles of Confederation D) the Magna Carta

A) the Mayflower Compact

Who has the power to veto bills? A) the President B) the Senate Majority Leader C) the Chief Justice D) the Speaker of the House

A) the President

According to the authors of the Declaration of Independence, who is responsible for protecting natural rights? A) the government B) political parties C) the people D) interest groups

A) the government

Which part of government was created to reflect the colonists' position that governments derive their powers from the consent of the governed? A) the legislature B) the executive C) the bureaucracy D) the judiciary

A) the legislature

Who does a U.S. Senator represent? A) the residents of a single state B) the residents of a single congressional district C) the residents of several states D) the residents of Washington, DC

A) the residents of a single state

What is the purpose of the Seventeenth Amendment? A) to promote democratic participation B) to limit judicial power C) to eliminate the bureaucracy D) to establish congressional term limits

A) to promote democratic participation

What is a purpose of civil rights movements? A) to secure equalities B) to create new rights C) to expand state power D) to advance communism

A) to secure equalities

What is the length of a U.S. Representative's elected term? A) four years B) six years C) two years D) eight years

C) two years

Which phrase from a letter written by Sarah Grimké in 1837 is reflected in the Fourteenth Amendment? A) "But I am in search of truth;" B) "I ask no favors for my sex. I surrender not our claim to equality." C) "opposition to a corrupt public opinion" D) "It is impossible that we should fulfill our duties, unless we comprehend them"

B) "I ask no favors for my sex. I surrender not our claim to equality."

Which phrase from the English Bill of Rights (1689) is reflected in the U.S. Constitution's Third Amendment? A) "That the . . .power of suspending the laws . . .without consent of Parliament is illegal" B) "That . . .keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace . . .is against law" C) "That excessive bail ought not to be required . . .nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted" D) "That election of members ...ought to be free"

B) "That . . .keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace . . .is against law"

Which of the following documents provided an outline for a state-centered government? A) Federalist Papers B) Articles of Confederation C) Bill of Rights D) Common Sense

B) Articles of Confederation

Which of the following cases impacted interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment? A) Marbury v. Madison (1803) B) Brown v. Board of Education (1954) C) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) D)Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

B) Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. Supreme Court case that overturned the 'separate but equal' approach to public schooling. Segregated schools, as well as public restrooms and transportation, drinking fountains, and restaurants, came about as the result of Jim Crow laws. Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137, was a U.S. Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review in the United States, meaning that American courts have the power to strike down laws, statutes, and some government actions that violate the Constitution of the United States. Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, is a landmark case in United States Supreme Court history. In it, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that states are required under the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution to provide an attorney to defendants in criminal cases who are unable to afford their own attorneys. Miranda v. Arizona was a significant Supreme Court case that ruled that a defendant's statements to authorities are inadmissible in court unless the defendant has been informed of their right to have an attorney present during questioning and an understanding that anything they say will be held against them. 5th amendment right against self incrimination.

Which United States Supreme Court case is correctly paired with the constitutional amendment on which it focused? A) Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) - Fourth Amendment B) Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) - First Amendment C) Bush v. Gore (2000) - Fourth Amendment D) U.S. v. Nixon (1974) - First Amendment

B) Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) - First Amendment

Which United States Supreme Court case focused on whether an enslaved person, having lived in free territory, should be free? A) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) B) Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) C) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) D)Marbury v. Madison (1803)

B) Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Which United States Supreme Court holding impacted the way that religious practice was approached in public schools? A) Brown v. Board of Education (1954) B) Engel v. Vitale (1962) C) Roe v. Wade (1973) D) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

B) Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Which of the following was established by a constitutional amendment? A) The Senate may ratify treaties negotiated by the House of Representatives. B) The President may serve no more than two elected terms. C) The President may sign bills passed by both houses of Congress. D) Senators may serve no more than two terms.

B) The President may serve no more than two elected terms.

What is the social contract? A) The people promise to not commit crimes as a condition of parole. B) The people give up some liberty to receive governmental protection. C) The government requires new citizens to register to vote. D) The government promises to protect countries that become independent.

B) The people give up some liberty to receive governmental protection.

How many U.S. Senators represent each state? A) It varies based on the state's geographic size. B) Two C) One D) It varies based on the state's population.

B) Two

Which United States Supreme Court case focused on executive privilege? A) Bush v. Gore (2000) B) U.S. v. Nixon (1974) C) Marbury v. Madison (1803) D) Johnson v. Texas (1989)

B) U.S. v. Nixon (1974)

Which United States Supreme Court decision was based on the Free Exercise Clause? A) Marbury v. Madison (1803) B) West Virginia v. Barnette (1943) C) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) D) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

B) West Virginia v. Barnette (1943) West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624, is a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court holding that the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment protects students from being forced to salute the American flag or say the Pledge of Allegiance in public school. Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137, was a U.S. Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review in the United States, meaning that American courts have the power to strike down laws, statutes, and some government actions that violate the Constitution of the United States. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) is one of the first and most important Supreme Court cases on federal power. In this case, the Supreme Court held that Congress has implied powers derived from those listed in Article I, Section 8. The "Necessary and Proper" Clause gave Congress the power to establish a national bank. Also, that the state of Maryland lacked the power to tax the Bank. Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537, was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality - a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal". Segregation, the Court said, was not discrimination.

Why does Article I, Section 7 of the U.S. Constitution require that tax bills be introduced in the House of Representatives? A) because financial contracts between the original English colonists and their home country were not honored B) because the original English colonists were taxed without their consent C) because the president must enact a budget D) because the president must spend authorized funds

B) because the original English colonists were taxed without their consent

What is the length of a U.S. Senator's elected term? A) two years B) six years C) four years D) eight years

B) six years

Which document was adopted by the newly independent United States to organize the national government after declaring independence? A) the Mayflower Compact B) the Articles of Confederation C) the Magna Carta D) the Northwest Ordinance

B) the Articles of Confederation

Which part of the U.S. Constitution protects the freedom of religion? A) Article I B) the Bill of Rights C) Article II D) the Preamble

B) the Bill of Rights

The U.S. Constitution requires that the President be elected by whom? A) state legislatures B) the Electoral College C) Congress D) the popular vote

B) the Electoral College

Who signs proposed bills into federal laws? A) the Majority Leader of the U.S. Senate B) the President of the United States C) the Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court D) the Speaker of the House of Representatives

B) the President of the United States

Which document represents the supreme law of the land? A) the Articles of Confederation B) the U.S. Constitution C) the Declaration of Independence D) the Mayflower Compact

B) the U.S. Constitution

Based on the U.S. Constitution, which part of government was intended to hold the least power? A) the military B) the judiciary C) the executive branch D) the legislative branch

B) the judiciary

Which phrase from a letter written by Abigail Adams to her husband John Adams in 1776 is reflected in the Nineteenth Amendment? A) "Are not . . . the common people vassals" B) "some individuals discoverd [sic] a sense of honour and justice" C) "I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them" D) "that generous . . . principal [sic] of doing to others as we would that others should do unto us. . . ."

C) "I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them"

Which statement from the English Bill of Rights is reflected in the U.S. Constitution's Eighth Amendment? A) "That . . .keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace . . .is against law;" B) "That the . . .power of suspending the laws . . .without consent of Parliament is illegal" C) "That excessive bail ought not to be required . . .nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted;" D) "That the freedom of speech . . .in Parliament ought not to be . . .questioned in any court"

C) "That excessive bail ought not to be required . . .nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted;"

Which right from the English Bill of Rights is reflected in the U.S. Constitution's First Amendment? A) "may have arms for their defense" B) "excessive bail ought not to be required" C) "to petition the king" D) "election of members . . .ought to be free"

C) "to petition the king"

What is one chamber of the U.S. Congress? A) Senate B) Republicans C) Cabinet D) Democrats

C) Cabinet

Which Supreme Court ruling held that the authors of the U.S. Constitution did not intend for African Americans to be U.S. citizens? A) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) B) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) C) Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) D) Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

C) Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

How did the holding in the United States Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona (1966) impact criminal defendants? A) It established that defendants had the right to a speedy trial. B) It established that defendants had freedom of speech. C) It established that defendants were protected against self-incrimination. D) It established that defendants had the right to counsel.

C) It established that defendants were protected against self-incrimination.

Which is a shared power in the federal system? A) declaring war B) making treaties C) establishing post offices D) collecting taxes

D) collecting taxes

Which of the following cases reinforced the federal government's authority to run a federal institution without interference by a state? A) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) B) Brown v. Board of Education (1954) C) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) D) Engel v. Vitale (1962)

C) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) is one of the first and most important Supreme Court cases on federal power. In this case, the Supreme Court held that Congress has implied powers derived from those listed in Article I, Section 8. The "Necessary and Proper" Clause gave Congress the power to establish a national bank. Also, that the state of Maryland lacked the power to tax the Bank. Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537, was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality - a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal". Segregation, the Court said, was not discrimination. Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. Supreme Court case that overturned the 'separate but equal' approach to public schooling. Segregated schools, as well as public restrooms and transportation, drinking fountains, and restaurants, came about as the result of Jim Crow laws. Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.

What is the "rule of law"? A) Government officials are exempt from the law. B) The President may suspend laws in an emergency. C) No one is above the law. D) Only citizens must follow the law.

C) No one is above the law.

Which United States Supreme Court decision was based on the Equal Protection Clause? A) Marbury v. Madison (1803) B) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) C) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) D) Engel v. Vitale (1962)

C) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Which of the following represents the goal of the Supremacy Clause? A) Congress may settle disputes between the United States and another country. B) The U.S. Supreme Court may decide to reject an appeal from a lower court. C) States may not pass laws that conflict with federal laws. D) Presidents may not form congressional committees.

C) States may not pass laws that conflict with federal laws.

What is an example of a democratic process? A) The U.S. Supreme Court rules on a case. B) The President signs an executive order. C) The people elect a Governor. D) The Environmental Protection Agency adopts a regulation.

C) The people elect a Governor.

Which of the following pairs of cases focused on the rights of public school students? A) Engel v. Vitale (1962) and Miranda v. Arizona (1966) B) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) and Engel v. Vitale (1962) C) Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) and Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) D)Miranda v. Arizona (1966) and Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

C) Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) and Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988)

Why did many colonists fight the British during the American Revolution? A) because they opposed the formation of courts B) because they opposed the parliamentary system C) because they opposed taxation without representation D) because they opposed the federal system

C) because they opposed taxation without representation

Which phrase in the U.S. Constitution addresses the power to seize property? A) bills of attainder B) writ of habeas corpus C) eminent domain D) reserved powers

C) eminent domain

What is due process? A) the process for electing the president B) procedures required to enact laws C) fair treatment in judicial proceedings D) the process for assigning bills to committee

C) fair treatment in judicial proceedings

What is the length of a U.S. President's elected term? A) six years B) eight years C) four years D) two years

C) four years

What is one branch of the U.S. federal government? A) monarchical B) parliamentary C) legislative D) state

C) legislative

What are two natural rights identified in the Declaration of Independence? A) jury trials and bear arms B) bear arms and life C) life and liberty D) jury trials and liberty

C) life and liberty

Which action is an example of petitioning the government? A) paying taxes B) serving on a jury C) lobbying officials D) becoming politically informed

C) lobbying officials

Which government officials are elected by the people? A) federal court judges B) bureaucrats C) mayors D) federal congressional staffers

C) mayors

Which two steps are required in order for someone to become Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court? A) nomination by the President, confirmation by the House of Representatives B) nomination by the Vice President, confirmation by the Senate C) nomination by the President, confirmation by the Senate D) nomination by the Vice President, confirmation by the House of Representatives

C) nomination by the President, confirmation by the Senate

Who is Commander in Chief of the military? A) the Secretary of Defense B) the Speaker of the House C) the President D) the Attorney General

C) the President

Who is in charge of the executive branch? A) the Speaker B) the Chief Justice C) the President D) the Majority Leader

C) the President

If both the U.S. President and the U.S. Vice President are unable to serve, who acts as president? A) the Senate Majority Leader B) the Secretary of State C) the Speaker of the House D) the Chief Justice

C) the Speaker of the House

What is the highest federal court in the United States? A) the Circuit Court B) the District Court C) the Supreme Court D) the Court of Appeals

C) the Supreme Court

What is an example of judicial review? A) the power of the House of Representatives to impeach public officials B) the power of the President to nominate federal judges C) the power of the Supreme Court to find laws unconstitutional D) the power of the President to issue pardons to convicted criminals

C) the power of the Supreme Court to find laws unconstitutional

What is one right included in the First Amendment? A) jury trial B) legal representation C) bear arms D) free speech

D) free speech

What is an example of representation? A) The Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court writes a majority opinion. B) The bureaucracy establishes national regulations. C) The court system rules on a dispute between two states. D) The U.S. Congress passes a law.

D) The U.S. Congress passes a law.

How did the U.S. Constitution resolve the dispute between slave and free states over representation? A) Missouri Compromise B) Commerce Clause C) Supremacy Clause D) Three-Fifths Compromise

D) Three-Fifths Compromise

What is popular sovereignty? A) rule by a dictator B) rule by an oligarchy C) rule by a monarch D) rule by the people

D) rule by the people

What is one qualification to serve as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives? A) be at least 40 years old B) be a natural born U.S. citizen C) be a resident of his or her state for at least 10 years D) be at least 25 years old

D) be at least 25 years old

How many amendments does the U.S. Constitution currently have? A) 22 B) 10 C) 17 D) 27

D) 27

Which scenario represents a violation of the Equal Protection Clause? A) A proposed constitutional amendment establishes a minimum education requirement to serve as President. B) A state law establishes a minimum driving speed on federal highways. C) A proposed constitutional amendment establishes a minimum age to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court. D) A state law establishes a higher minimum wage for men than for women.

D) A state law establishes a higher minimum wage for men than for women.

Which United States Supreme Court decision focused on how states count popular votes for president and vice president? A) U.S. v. Nixon (1974) B) Baker v. Carr (1962) C) Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) D) Bush v. Gore (2000)

D) Bush v. Gore (2000)

Which is a core theme of the Anti-Federalist Papers? A) Government should support executive orders. B) The Constitution should promote a strong central government. C) The Constitution should reflect checks and balances. D) Government should support enumerated individual rights.

D) Government should support enumerated individual rights.

Which of the following represents the principle of consent of the governed? A) Individuals have the right to jury trials. B) The people elect the Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. C) The people debate on social media. D) Individuals elect members of the House of Representatives.

D) Individuals elect members of the House of Representatives.

How did the holding in the United States Supreme Court case Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) impact criminal defendants? A) It established that defendants were protected against self-incrimination. B) It established that defendants had freedom of speech. C) It established that defendants had the right to a speedy trial. D) It established that defendants had the right to counsel.

D) It established that defendants had the right to counsel.

How did District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) impact states' rights? A) It reduced the ability of states to seize "illegal proceeds of a crime before trial" under the Fourth Amendment. B) It expanded the ability of states to implement the death penalty under the Eighth Amendment. C) It expanded the ability of states to create "free speech zones" that limited First Amendment rights. D) It reduced the ability of states to place restrictions on Second Amendment rights.

D) It reduced the ability of states to place restrictions on Second Amendment rights.

What does the U.S. Constitution do? A) It lists grievances against the British king. B) It declares political independence. C) It creates a unitary government. D) It sets up a federal government.

D) It sets up a federal government.

Which of the following cases reinforced the power of the courts? A) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) B) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) C) Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) D) Marbury v. Madison (1803)

D) Marbury v. Madison (1803) Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137, was a U.S. Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review in the United States, meaning that American courts have the power to strike down laws, statutes, and some government actions that violate the Constitution of the United States. Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537, was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality - a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal". Segregation, the Court said, was not discrimination. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) is one of the first and most important Supreme Court cases on federal power. In this case, the Supreme Court held that Congress has implied powers derived from those listed in Article I, Section 8. The "Necessary and Proper" Clause gave Congress the power to establish a national bank. Also, that the state of Maryland lacked the power to tax the Bank. Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. (1857), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court in which the Court held that the US Constitution was not meant to include American citizenship for black people, regardless of whether they were enslaved or free, and so the rights and privileges that the Constitution confers upon American citizens could not apply to them.

Which United States Supreme Court case held that persons accused of crimes must be advised of their Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights upon their arrest? A) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) B) Engel v. Vitale (1962) C) Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) D) Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

D) Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Which point of view is reflected in Common Sense? A) The monarchy supports self-government. B) Representatives should be appointed. C) The monarchy creates limited government. D) Representatives should be elected.

D) Representatives should be elected.

Which of the following cases held that reproductive rights were an element of the right to privacy under the Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment? A) District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) B) Mapp v. Ohio (1961) C) Miranda v. Arizona (1966) D) Roe v. Wade (1973)

D) Roe v. Wade (1973)

Which of the following pairs of cases impacted First Amendment rights? A) West Virginia v. Barnette (1943) and U.S. v. Nixon (1974) B) U.S. v. Nixon (1974) and Brown v. Board of Education (1954) C) Miranda v. Arizona (1966) and McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) D) Texas v. Johnson (1989) and Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988)

D) Texas v. Johnson (1989) and Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988)

Which of the following is a right reserved for U.S. citizens only? A) working for pay B) getting an education C) purchasing a home D) running for federal office

D) running for federal office

What are the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution called? A) the Federalist Papers B) the Articles of Confederation C) the Declaration of Rights D) the Bill of Rights

D) the Bill of Rights

What are the first two paragraphs of the Declaration of Independence called? A) the Amendments B) the Sections C) the Article D) the Preamble

D) the Preamble

What is an example of federalism? A) Congress's power to declare war B) separation of powers between branches of government C) the President's power to nominate ambassadors D) the principle that the national and state governments share power

D) the principle that the national and state governments share power

What is the purpose of the Selective Service System? A) to promote equality B) to protect presidential candidates during the campaign C) to establish justice D) to draft for compulsory military service

D) to draft for compulsory military service

Magna Carta

Established the principle of rule of law