govt exam 2
democratic voters tend to live in which of the following regions
1. Northeast 2. Northern midwest 3. West coast
interest groups tend to rely on the courts to advance their policy goals when they have
1. a low chance of achieving their goals through elected officals 2. faced legislative hurdles
which of the following place limits on how much the govt can incorporate public opinion
1. a majority 2. only a minority 3. many people
which of the following functions do news media perform
1. act as a watchdog 2. provide pol. info 3lprovide achannel
compared to white americans
1. affirmative action 2. economic assistance programs
differences in which of the following are factors that influence voter participation
1. age 2. education 3. Sense of duty
which of the following are reasons why the amount of news the typical american watches decreased
1. cable and other high choice 2.children stopped
which of these groups vote at above average rates
1. college-educated individuals 2. upper income americans.
which of the following are conventional forms of political participation?
1. contributing time to a political campaign 2. donating money 3. voting
even if a third party candidate fails to win an election, the candidate has still done which of the following to help the third party succeed.
1. encouraged the major parties to address issues 2. drawn attention to an issue
which of the following are ways in which the internet influenced politics
1. freedom of press 2. mobilization 3. fund-raising
which of the following are examples of the effect economic class has on political opinion
1. income levels affect americans opinions on some public policy issues 2. welfare assistance has higher support among lower level income americans
the rise of candidate-centered campaigns has
1. increased the importance of money 2. made it easier for political new comers to win high office
americans' opinions about politics are formed in large measure through which of the following frames of reference.
1. leaning toward particular ideologies 2. identifying with political parties
which of the following are true about political contributions called hard money
1. legal limits 2. spent at recipient's choosing 3. money direct to candidate
which of the following resulted from the invention of the printing press
1. less dep on govt 2.readership increaed 3.adverstising
which of the following tactics were used to disenfranchise blacks in the post civil war south despite the passage of the 15th amendment.
1. literacy tests 2. publicized list of voters
which of the following are true of grass roots parties
1. local level 2. open to all
which of the following are considered expressions of public opinion?
1. participating in a telephone poll 2. Turnout at a political rally 3. approval ratings for a city mayor
which of the following are considered functions of a political party
1. parties seek to govern 2. parties endeavor to represent a majority
which of the following are ways that american children are taught patriotism
1. pledge 2. admire fathers
which of the following are common recommendations to enhance voter tunrout
1. polls open longer 2. national holiday 3. open poll centers early
which of the following factors have contributed to the weakening of party organizations
1. primary elections 2. candidate-centered campaigns
which of the following are roles that the national political parties have
1. raise money for congressional campaigns 2.raise money for pres. camp. 3. to seek media coverage
which of the following contributed to the rising level of party polarization
1. the end of FCC 2. The poliferation of partisan media outlets
which of the following media typically have a signalling function?
1. the television networks 2. the daily newspapers 3. the wire services
The US provides a favorable environment for interest groups because
1. the tradition of people joining together 2.the separation of powers 3.the tradition of free speech
how do candidates encourage people to vote on election day
1. they contact prospective voters 2. they rely on org.
which of the following are true of hispanic voters in the US?
1. they lean heavily toward democratic party 2.hispanics tend to be liberal on economic issues
state parties are involved with which of the following activites
1. voter reg. 2. senator election
which of the following statements describe the relationship between political leaders and public opinion
1. when public opinion changes 2. because they think public
which of the following characteristics of political campaigns have undergone change
1.length 2.money 3.focus
today's political campaigns rely on which of the following to be successful
1.media 2.polisters 3. campaign strategists
which amendment gave women the right to vote
19
which amendment to the Con. gave voting rights to 18 year olds
26
which pres was a leading advocate for giving citizens more direct role
AJ
which president was elected under his promise that he would do something about the Great depression
FDR
which party benefited from the 1896 realignment
Republicans
which single expenditure accounts for the most spending on US political campaigns
TV ADS
in terms of political socialization, which of the following is considered a primary agent?
The family
countries with the multiparty systems tend to have what kind of electoral system
a proportional representation system
the research conducted by David D'Alessio and Mike Allen showed that television news has
a slight but insignificant bias in the democratic direction
current election laws in the US favor
a two party system
what is a social or political movement
a way to voice displeasure
the news medias partisan function means that it
acts as an advocate for a particular viewpoint
unlike CNN, MSNBC and Fox news chose to
adopt a partisan approach to the news
the tendency of people to pay more attention to issues highlighted in the media is an example of the _______- setting effect
agenda
in order to have the best chance to win in a 2 party system, political parties normally
align themselves near the middle of the voting spectrum
which group reps the largest agricultural group in the US
american farm Bureau
which of the following is a consequence of the effort of the writers ........................
americas system of divided power provides abundant opp. for interest groups to achieve policy goals
what is a super pac
an independent expenditure only committee
modern campaigns for high office
are much longer than they were historically
the internet has proven itself to be superior to televised political advertising
as a means of getting campaign contributions from small donors
which of the following voting blocs has moved heavily into the democratic party since the 1960s
black americans
which of the following media are subject to content regulation by the govt
broadcast tv and radio
all party organizations have a responsibility to
build support among voters
in terms of percentage of the pres pop vote, the most successful of the 20th cent 3rd parties was the _________
bull moose party
although party organizations still manage many tasks related to elections, the lead role in elections now lies with the
canadate
political parties and their ability to control politics in the US have been weakened by ________-centered campaigns
candidate
research indicates that when public opinion changes on major political issues, public policy tends to
change in the same direction
a few decades ago, the media centered on broadcat networks.......______
choice
people who believe that citizens ought to participate in political affairs are likely to describe voting as an exercise in
civic duty
in the early decades of the 20th century, the press responded to yellow jounalism by
commiting to objective journalism
the media carries out a _________ -________ function when it disseminates info from pol. leaders to the public
common carrier
in general, which political values do evangelical protestants support
conservative values
which type of interest group is not classified as an economic interest group
consumer
which of the following refers to a situation in which multiple groups loyalties diminish a person's id with a single group
crosscutting
since the great depression, which partys agenda has included a strong commitment to provide a safety net for most
democratic
which of the following is an advantage that economic groups have over citizens groups
economic groups can provide material benefits to those who are part of the group
in general, americans who believe that govt should use its power to help the poor are
economic liberals
the elimination of the ______ _______ meant that radio sations no longer had to air a conservative talk show if they aired a liberal one
fairness doctrine
true or false, local parties are stronger today
false
true or false: retired lawmakers cannot become lobbyists because they are forbidden by law to take a lobbying job
false
true or false: rupert murdoch orignially intenede fox news to be objective
false
true or false: todays candidates are more likely than before to owe their nomination to the efforts of ther political party org.
false
True or False: when the US was founded all white men were given the right to vote.
false (property owning)
the ________ shapes our political values and ideology from childhood and has the strongest impact on our political perspective
family
which of the following would be considered an electoral action stragtegy
forming a PAC
when the media highlight certain aspects of a situation and downplay other aspects, they are engaged in
framing
since the 1980's, which group has voted mosts for the republican party
fundamentalist christians
the fact that more white women than white men vote for the democratic party is an example of a _______ gap
gender
inside strategy: inside strategy: Outside : outside:
giving policy relevant info lobbying grassroots tv ads
the tea party movement did not support which of the following
govt subsidies for health insurance
an example of an environmental interst group is
green peace
the fact that older americans are more likely than others to consider social security
group orientation
citizens who are party identifiers have ________ levels of voter turnout
higher
which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between income and political participation in the US
higher income citizens are the most active because they have the resources to participate effectively
which of the following refers to a general belief about the role and purpose of govt
ideology
political parties began to emerge in the US
in spite of the founding fathers beliefs
when can political parties move away from the middle
in times of crisis
the occupy wall street movement was aimed predominantly at which issue
income inequality
who typically benefits the most from interest group resources and activism
incumbents
rather than using threats, interest groups, tend to influence lawmakers by providing them with
info that supports the group's policy positions
the interest group that includes face to face meetings with legislators and providing policy information to policymakers is known as
inside lobbying
an organization that seeks to influence govt decision making is referred to as an ____________ _____________
interest group
an _______ _________ is an infromal group of persons from congress, executive agencies, and interest groups with a mutual interest in a particular policy area
iron triangle
an ________ _________ is comprised of various actors that all have interest and expertise in a particular policy issue even though they may disagree in what the outcome should be
issue network
protest activity is _______ common today in the US than in many western democracies
less
compared with the percentage of US workers who were union members in the 1950's and 60's the percentage today is
lower
which of the following groups has the highest rate of voter turnout
middle age upper class
although state parties do not work full time, they are ________ likely to have full time employees that local parties
more
compared with europeans, americans are______ likely to belong to a voluntary group of association
more
A ________ political system is made up of at least 3 political parties
multiparty
why is the news shaped by news organizations' need to attract and keep viewers
news org. choose coverage that will draw an audience for advertisers
although the american press origninally had political orientation, .....
newsworthy info and events
in the us , political opinions are affiliated more with _______ than with income
occupation
what usually happens after a third party is relatively successful in attracting votes during a US national election
one or both major parties will try to co opt the issue or issues that made the third party successful
a state, such as cali, permits all voters to vote in a primary
open
which of the following do policy makers rely on when they want to develop and implement policies that reflect public views
opinion polls
________ lobbying includes forming PAC's and influencing the news media
outside
the highlighting of candidates attributes
packaging
american newspapers were originally
partisan
the rise of partisan news outlets in the past few decades has contributed to an increase in
party polarization
an interest group may from a ______ ______ _____
political action committee
the process by which citizens engage in the civic and political life of their communities is called_______ ________
political participation
a reason political parties have emerged whenever democracy has been established
political parties provide individuals a way to join together
in a proportional representation system, which of the following is true?
political parties win a number of seats in the legislature
what is the process by which we develop our political values and opinions.
political socialization
a public opinion _______ is designed to estimate the views of sentiments of the public
poll
which ideology supports greater economic equality but holds traditional views on social issues
populism
internet political participation peaks during which of the following
presidential election
which of the following contributed to the decline of the old system of party organizations
primary elections
alex hamilton and t jeff felt that newspapers should
promote partisan viewpoints on political matters
voting for a candidate's promises rather than his or her past actions is an example of ________
prospective voting
one of the positive contributions that interest groups make is
providing a form of rep fro org groups
outside lobbying is aimed at bringing ______ pressure to bear on policymakers
public
the politically relevant opinions that people hold and express openly are known as
public opinion
a permanent shift in party allegiances or electoral support is known as party
realignment
which type of 3rd party arises from a belief that partisan politics is a corrupting influence that needs to be changed
reform parties
capture theory argues that _________ sometimes focus more on the needs of industries than on public interest
regulatory agencies
the invention of the telegraph resulted in newspapers
replacing opinon commentary with more news reports
what is the degree of accuracy of public opinion poll called
sampling error
party identification can affect ________ perception, the process whereby people choose from incoming information those elements that support the things they already believe
selective
yellow journalism featured ________ stories
sensationalized
the medias ability to function as signalers and influence what people are thinking about and discussing its called agenda ________
setting
third parties formed to promote a stance on a particular issue are known as
single issue parties
harvard's robert Putnam defined the sum of face-to-face civic interactions among citizens in a society as its ________ capital
social
short audio clips of politicians statemtns are known as
sound bites
which of the following voting blocs was largely notable in its migration to the RP during the 1980's
southern whites
many voters cast a _______-, where they only vote for one [party
straight ticket
when ted turner started CNN in 1980, he instructed his correspondents to
strive for partisan neutrality
which of the following statements about public opinions effect on govt policy is correct
the amount of influence that public opinion has on policy makers varies
the in party's chances of staying in power has historically depended primarily on
the condidtion of the economy
which of the following rules requires a broadcast station to provide a ">>...
the fairness doct.
citizens united vs federal election commisson
the limit on corporate and union spending in federal elections
what law did congress enact in 1993 that required states to allow people to register to vote when applying for a driver's license or public assistance.
the motor voter act
which one of these groups is an example of a citizens group
the national org. for women
which is a reason why some scholars think we have moved into a new party alignment
the republican party has become stronger in the south and dems in the NE
which of the following reduces the accuracy of polls
the respondent chooses to give the politically correct answer
which of the following inventions revolutionized newspaper journalism in the early 1800's
the telegraph
of the following factors, which has the greatest influence on people's political opinions
their partisan loyalty
which of the following statements about televised debates in presidential campaigns are true
they are usually part of presidential campaigns
what is the purpose of a primary election
to enable voters to select their respective party's candidates for a general election
interest groups that are not directly involved in litigation may file amicus curiae briefs
to encourage a ruling that is beneficial to their cause
what was the goal of yellow journalism
to lure in readers by any means
which type of interst group reps buisness firms
trade asso.
True or False: voter registration decreased in the US once states enacted registration laws around 1900.
true
americans participate more in politics that do citizens of other western democracies except in which of the following activities.
turning out to vote on election day
which of the following voting restrictions increases the burden on citizens who move frequently
voter registration requirements
the proportion of eligible adult citizens who actually vote in a given election is know as _____ _____
voter turnout
the media serves a ________ function when it alerts the public to unethical or illegal activities by the govt
watchdog
the main opposition to the democratic party in the 1830s and 1840s was the _______ party, which eventually died out
whig
which term refers to theirresponsible and sensationalist approach to news reportig
yellow jounalism
which of the following age group's political views are more likely to be influenced by war or economic depressions .
young people
