Grade 7 Planet Earth

lustre

Even if two minerals have the same color the _________ can help you tell them apart.

types of rocks

Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic.

Fluvial landforms

Landforms that are created by running water are known as ______ _________.

mineral

Some rocks such as limestone are made of only one ________ while others like granite are made of several different ___________'s.

Metamorphic rock

The are rocks that have been changed. They started out as other rocks then through heat and pressure they change.

igneous rock

These rocks are formed from hot, molten rocks called magma. They cool slowly underground and develop into crystals.

sedimentary rock

These rocks have many layers and form when small pieces of rock are carried by wind/water and sink into rocks around them.

Magma

This can either cool underneath the earths surface or reach the surface before it cools.

Landslides

This is a natural disaster is sudden fast movements of rocks and soil down a slope. Similar to an avalanche.

Precambrian Shield

This is made of igneous and metamorphic rocks formed over 4500 million years ago.

Focus

This is the center of the earthquake under the earth. The first place that the rocks break below the surface during an earthquake.

Weathering

This is the mechanical and chemical process that breaks down rocks over time.

Precambrian Shield

This is the oldest layer of rock. It is called the _____________ _________. This rock is found under all of Alberta

Erosion

This is the process when weathered products are transported from place to place. Example: The grand canyon was made by water eroding rock.

Mohs Hardness Scale

This is used for measuring the hardness property of a mineral. It consists of 10 minerals ranked in order or hardness.

Mechanical weathering

This is what happens when rock is broken apart by physical forces such as wind or water. Example: the shaping of the hoodoos in southern alberta

Biological Weathering

This is what happens when the rocks are worn down by living things such as plants. Example: roots grow into any small spaces and expand.

Glaciers

A moving mass of ice and snow.

Earth quake

A type of natural disaster where the earth vibrates, trembles, or shakes.

Blocks

An earthquake is caused when two __________ of the earth suddenly slip past one another.

Volcano

An opening in the earths crust through which solid and molten rock, ash, and gases escape.

Properties to identify minerals

Colour, Lustre, Streak, Cleavage, Fracture, Hardness

The four layers or the earth

Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core

numbers on the richter scale

2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

types of weathering

Mechanical, chemical, and biological.

Magma Chamber

Molten rock and magma are stored in the _________ __________

Rocks

The building blocks of __________ are pure, naturally occurring solid materials called minerals. All ________ are made out of minerals.

Crust

The layer of the earth with everything we can see like mountains and valleys. The layer is primarily solid rock.

2

The number for the lowest earthquake on the richter scale.

Richter Scale

The number used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake. The scale goes from 2.5- 8.

Epicentre

The point on the surface directly above the focus during an earthquake. This is the effect an earthquake can have on the surface of earth.

Deposition

The process of eroded material being laid down or deposited by wind, water, and ice. Example: rocks at the bottom of a river.

Fault plane

The surface where blocks of the earth slip past each other to cause an earthquake is called the ______ __________

Lithosphere

The two parts of the Mantle layer of the earth that are solid and melted.

Chemical weathering

This is what happens when water and oxygen (acid) react with the minerals in rocks to produce a new type of mineral. Often these minerals are softer and crumble easier. Example: Limestone is weathered by water to make holes.

Igeneous rock

This is what volcanoes are made up. It is created when lava cools.

Mantle

This layer makes up most of the Earth's mass. Part of it is solid rock and the other is partly melted rock.

Outer core

This layer of the earth is completely liquid due to the high temperatures.

Inner Core

This layer of the earth is totally solid rock. It is made of iron and nickel. This layer is solid because of the pressure and weight of the other layers. It is nearly 7000 degrees in this layer.

Fracture

This property for identifying a mineral is about if there is mineral breakage and rough/uneven surfaces when it is split apart. The opposite of cleavage.

Cleavage

This property for identifying a mineral is about whether or not it can split into two smooth surfaces. The opposite of fracture.

Colour

This property for identifying a mineral is based on the appearance. It is the first thing you notice.

Hardness

This property for identifying a mineral is measured by how easily it can be scratched. Measured with the Mohs scale of hardness.

Streak

This property for identifying a mineral is the color of the powder that it leaves behind when it is rubbed across a rough surface (like chalk). The color left behind is not always the same as the color as the mineral.

Lustre

This property for identifying a mineral is the way the surface of reflects light. It causes them to look shiny, dully, pearly, etc.

weathering

Water, glacial ice, wind, and waves can all cause ___________

crysals

When Igneous rocks cool slowly underground they develop into large ___________

Sedimentation

When rivers flow they carry things like sand, mud, gravel, which are called sediment. This process is called ________.

Lava

_______ is magma that reaches the surface through a volcano vent.

eight

the number for the strongest earthquake on the richter scale.