GRE Vocabulary Deck 4

intransigent

(adj.) Refusing to compromise, irreconcilable. (SYN: uncompromising, unyielding, obdurate, intractable) (ANT: lukewarm, halfhearted, yielding) ~ means inflexible, stubborn, entrenched. Argue all you like with an ~ three-year-old. He will never back down from the position that he wants the lollipop NOW. Trans has to do with movement — think transportation, or a package in transit, i.e. "on the way." The in- of ~ means "not," so something or someone who is ~ is not moving. If one political party wants to raise funds to improve schools but the other is ~ on the subject of higher taxes, the debate will get nowhere. With her wigs, a giant knife, and a stocked pantry, she declared herself ready for intransigent shrubby weeds in the "the garden, honoring my Jamaican roots, and the apocalypse," she said. "Negotiations are not advancing, because of the intransigent and unrealistic attitude of the United Kingdom," French Foreign Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian told his nation's ambassadors in Paris Monday. Bending to pressure hasn't been a characteristic of the famously intransigent speaker.

rife

(adj.) common, prevalent, widespread, happening often; full, abounding; plentiful, abundant, replete Use the adjective ~ to mean "full of" or "widespread," especially when you're talking about something negative. If the lifeguard says the water is ~ with jellyfish, you're not going to want to swim in it. Not to be confused with the word ripe ("fully developed"), ~ means "abundant" or "prevalent." ~ can follow the word it's describing, as in "corruption was rife during his administration." More commonly, however, ~ comes before the word it modifies, accompanied by the preposition with, as in "the class was ~ with yawns" or "her story was ~ with inconsistencies." In stark contrast to his later activism, Simpson was largely indifferent to politics during his college years, despite the fact that the campus he attended was rife with political activity. "Malnutrition is rife in prisons across Congo," said Thomas Fessy from Human Rights Watch. The story is rife with humor and compassion, plenty of gunfights, and a few welcome elements of a heist flick, as Brown plans the Harpers Ferry raid that would help spark a civil war. The Trump campaign challenged the law, suggesting mail-in voting was rife with fraud, but a federal judge said they failed to show any actual harm. No one likes to be told their culture is rife with racism.

fickle

(adj.) liable to change very rapidly, erratic; marked by a lack of constancy or steadiness, inconsistent People who are ~ change their minds so much you can't rely on them. If your best friend suddenly decides that she doesn't like you one week, and then the next week she wants to hang out again, she's being ~. ~ comes from the Old English word ficol, for deceitful. We usually use ~ to talk about people, but it can also be used for abstract things that alternately favor you and abuse you, like the weather. If you win the lottery and then lose everything else in the world that's important to you, fate is being ~. Is the lack of fickle, judgemental fans in stadiums making players less inhibited? Evans, 95 in October, muses that fate is fickle, and man-made marvels don't last forever. For one thing, market prices — which incorporate prevailing assessments of election probabilities — are fickle. So how to regain public trust in science when the public is looking for certainties and when those who are supposed to impersonate doubt seem to be fickle or dogmatic?

staid

(adj.) serious and dignified; quiet or subdued in character or conduct; unemotional; unadventurous; serious; sedate; respectable; Something that is ~ is dignified, respectable — possibly even boring, like a ~ dinner party that is heavy on the important guests but light on the laughs. ~ is pronounced just like "stayed" — in fact, it comes from stay, meaning "fixed" or "permanent." Something that is ~ is sedate, slightly dull, and tends to stay the same. Whether it's a middle-class lifestyle, a conservative law firm, your unadventurous aunt, or an old navy plaid sofa, the word ~ can be used to describe anything that maintains a respectable self-restraint and takes no chances. After leaving the hospital, he attended a school for children with disabilities for several years, then enrolled in a staid grammar school, where a rigorous curriculum did not include much art, drama, or music — an educational experience that would inform his later career. We're pretty staid compared to the homeowners of yesteryear, what with our insistence on white trim and on matching our front doors to our shutters. In Japan, a debate earlier this month among three candidates seeking the job of prime minister was a staid — if not downright sleepy — contrast to the fireworks of the Trump-Biden face-off. Dropped from the lineup were Kentucky Speedway and Chicagoland Speedway, two "cookie-cutter" intermediate tracks that were part of a staid schedule that lacked variation or originality. This book collects recipes from Ms. Polzine's San Francisco cafe, where she brings a fresh approach and singular panache to some fairly staid classics of Central European baking.

stringent

(adj.) strict, severe; rigorously or urgently binding or compelling; sharp or bitter to the taste That teacher's demands are ~ — she wants the homework typed in her favorite font, on special paper, and each essay must be exactly 45 lines! While the word ~ might seem foreign, if you're afflicted with pimples, you'll know the word astringent. An astringent causes your skin to tighten like it's shrinking your pores. This tightening, constricting feel describes ~ with regard to rules. ~ safety procedures prevent accidents in a dangerous work environment. And restaurants must adhere to ~ health regulations. This stringent separation of uses can be recognized both inside and outside the building. "It is likely that U.S. residents will need to choose between higher levels of mask use or risk the frequent redeployment of more stringent and economically damaging SDMs," or social distancing measures, they wrote. Despite increasingly stringent measures, the country's daily infection rate keeps rising. In banking, the biggest banks with the most customers and loans are classified as "systemically important financial institutions" and subject to more stringent scrutiny. Then the whole season was off, for about a month, until more stringent virus protocols fueled another revision and this late October start.

impromptu

(adj., adv.) without preparation, offhand, suddenly or hastily done, unplanned; (n.) an extemporaneous composition or remark; a minimal piece suggestive of improvisation Some of the best kinds of parties are ~ ones, when you decide at the last minute to get together. The adjective ~ describes things done or said without previous thought or preparation. ~ is also used as an adverb: Most people are not able to speak ~ in front of an audience. This word was borrowed from French and ultimately derives from the Latin in prōmptū ("at hand, in readiness") from in ("in") plus a form of prōmptus ("readiness"). As you can guess from the spelling, the adjective and verb prompt are related to ~; they are from the same Latin verb, prōmere, "to bring forth." Graham and Jennifer Young decided on an impromptu first dance to the soundtrack of two buskers and bustling traffic. According to a source, UW explored the possibility of playing an impromptu game against Arizona this weekend, but it was impossible to organize on such short notice. After Washington's win over Dallas before its bye week, McLaurin addressed the group with an impromptu speech. The line dances that turned polling places into impromptu parties.

temperance

(n) moderation, self-control, esp. regarding alcohol or other desires or pleasures; total abstinence from alcohol SYN: moderation, sobriety اعتدال، میانه‌روی، خودداری؛ طرفداری از منع نوشیدنی الکلی ~ means restraint and moderation, but if you're talking about alcohol, ~ means not just drinking in moderation, it means not having it at all. The ~ movement appeared in the U.S. in the 19th century, at first urging moderation in drinking but eventually seeking to outlaw alcohol entirely. It managed to get Prohibition enacted in 1919, which did outlaw alcohol, but it was repealed in 1933. ~ doesn't just have to do with alcohol, it can refer to avoiding any kind of excess: if your new diet requires ~, you're eating in a balanced, sensible way. ~ comes from the Latin temperare, "restrain." Born into a left-leaning Quaker family, Anthony spent her life at the forefront of the abolition, women's suffrage and temperance movements. Among those pressure groups were the liquor lobby, which saw the suffragette movement as closely linked to the temperance movement to ban alcohol. The temperance movement, depopulation, political upheaval and economic boom-and-bust all took their toll. This is perhaps why the title of Aron's book is taken from Carry Nation, the 19th-century temperance crusader who took hatchets to bar tops and greeted bartenders as "destroyers of men's souls."

drone

(n.) a loafer, idler; a buzzing or humming sound; a remote-control device; a male bee; (v.) to make a buzzing sound; to speak in a dull tone of voice To ~ is to make a low, continuous noise that sounds like humming or buzzing. On summer nights, you might hear cicadas ~, and on snowy winter mornings, hear your neighbor's snow blower ~. Like animals and machines, people ~ too, their voices sounding dull and tedious: "When my history teacher ~s on, it's hard to stay awake." ~ is also a noun, meaning the monotonous sound itself, like the ~ of a boring lecture; or a male worker bee; or a person who's as unambitious as a worker bee. Finally, there are the ~s that fly by remote control, doing surveillance, gathering weather information, and occasionally firing missiles for the military. The Armenians are defenseless against the Azerbaijani drones that hover overhead and kill at will. Her family was with searchers Saturday afternoon when they discovered the submerged Tahoe using a drone, the station reported. In a separate project, Army researchers are working with the University of Illinois Chicago on unmanned technology for recharging drone swarms.

trench

(n.) a long, narrow ditch (v.) to dig or cut into A ~ is a deep and narrow hole, or ditch, in the ground, like the kind soldiers on frontlines might dig to give themselves shelter from the enemy. A natural ~ may also be a deep hole on the bottom of the ocean. The verb ~ means to dig or to cut into, but you will most often hear the word as a noun, particularly relating to soldiers. The phrase ~ warfare became popular around World War I, when technological advances in weapons changed the way that wars were fought. Today, you may have even own a ~ coat, a kind of raincoat first worn by soldiers. In the trenches, there is fear. The Armenians are defenseless against the Azerbaijani drones that hover overhead and kill at will. He said he now leads a volunteer unit in the trenches to the north, battling to halt the Azerbaijani advance. A system of ropes and pulleys carried the baskets of stone and trench debris up to the ramparts. "We're here to win. But these next two, we in the trenches." Former White House photographer Pete Souza speaks candidly about his time in the trenches in the documentary "The Way I See It."

harbinger

(n.) a person or thing that announces or signals the approach of another; an omen or sign; SYN: forerunner; herald; precursor; predecessor (v.) foreshadow or presage; SYN: announce, annunciate, foretell, herald A ~ is something that comes before and that shows what will follow in the future. The robin is a ~ of spring — its presence means spring is coming soon. The appearance of a ghost is often thought of as a ~ of death. Middle English herbergere is from Old French herbergeor, "host," from herberge, "camp, shelter," a word ultimately borrowed from a Germanic language. As Abraham Lincoln wrote in 1859, that foundational document would forever serve as a "rebuke and stumbling block to the very harbingers of reappearing tyranny and oppression." The First Amendment is the harbinger for democracy. Still, experts say the surge in Tunisian migrants is likely a harbinger of a new wave, as the coronavirus takes a mounting toll on livelihoods in developing countries. In many ways, the RWA scandal was an early harbinger—one of the first sparks of the racial reckoning that spread like wildfire across so many industries in the wake of this summer's protests.

foray

(n.) a quick raid, especially for plunder; a venture into some field of endeavor; (v.) to make such a raid 1. a sudden or irregular invasion or attack for war or spoils: raid 2. an initial and often tentative attempt to do something in a new or different field or area of activity Did You Know? ~ comes from Middle English forrayen and probably traces back to an Anglo-French word that meant "raider" or "forager." It's related to the word forage, which commonly means "to wander in search of food (or forage)." ~, in its earliest sense, referred to a raid for plunder. Relatively recently, ~ began to take on a broader meaning. In a sense, ~ still refers to a trip into a foreign territory. These days, though, looting and plundering needn't be involved in a ~. When you take a ~, you dabble in an area, occupation, or pastime that's new to you. "Although she debuted a line of jewelry last year, this is her first foray into creating her own makeup line." "Edgardo Defortuna has been flying high for years, ... erecting a string of ultra-luxury condo and hotel towers on his way to becoming one of Miami's most prominent developers. He recently announced his first foray outside South Florida, unveiling a design for a trio of luxury towers in Paraguay." And of all the forays into hip-hop by pop stars of her generation, hers were the most convincing, the most fluid and becoming. And it's her foray into the natural world, which is so welcome right now. But she also kept Halep off balance with guile and touch: mixing in drop shots and forays to the net, and responding to some of Halep's fine passing shots by hitting spectacular volley winners. But his foray drew a furious online outpouring of criticism.

underscore

(v) emphasize (or, literally, to underline text) To ~ is to draw special attention to a fact, idea, or situation. When you're involved in a debate, it's wise to ~ the points that best support your argument. Literally, ~ means "to underline," or draw a line beneath a word to emphasize it. In common speech, to ~ something is to call attention to it. If a worker sustained an injury on the job, for instance, the event would ~ the need for workplace safety. ~ is also used to mean "emphasize." During a job interview, you want to ~ any experience that relates to the job you are applying for. As if to underscore that point, cases at Appalachian State, part of North Carolina's state university system, spiked sharply last week. That is a potential option, Wallner said, but would only further underscore the polarization in American politics. Titles like "Radical Hope," "What We Do Now" and "How Do I Explain This to My Kids?" underscore the despair and fury of this early response. Still, this week's numbers underscore the difficulties in managing a modern urban college campus during a pandemic.

attune

(v.) adjust or accustom to; bring into harmony with (syn.) adjust When you ~ to something, you adjust to it and become aware of the way it works. A new parent has to ~ to a baby's schedule and personality. Preschool teachers need to ~ to their students' various needs and interests, and when you visit a foreign country it's important to ~ to the unfamiliar culture, so that you're both comfortable and respectful. The verb ~ is almost always followed by "to," and it often shows up in the form of "be ~ to." ~ comes from tune, "bring into a state of proper pitch." Nevertheless, cultural evolution cannot be divorced from biological evolution, as the evolution of a more highly developed and advanced human brain, more highly attuned to social structures, enabled cultural growth. In the still of the morning, with music playing softly in the background, I brew coffee to attune my body to the day. Its unnamed narrator is a writer in late middle age who, like one of Rachel Cusk's detached narrators, is attuned to the stories of others. Smith's ears were attuned not to pitch-perfect harmony, Tin Pan Alley-inspired optimism or operatic works, but to the so-called race and hillbilly records issued starting in the late 1920s. Few directors are more attuned than Hong to their characters' shifting moods and understated anxieties; working with characteristic wit and sly structural repetitions, he brings this deft, unassuming story to a startlingly emotional place.

bask

(v.) to be in, or expose oneself to, pleasant warmth; to take pleasure in or derive enjoyment from To ~ in something is to take it in, receive its warmth, or bathe in its goodness. On the first warm day of the spring, you may ~ in the sunshine. When you win the Pulitzer, you ~ in your own glory. In Shakespeare's "As You Like It," Jaques says: "...As I do live by food, I met a fool; Who laid him down and bask'd him in the sun, And rail'd on Lady Fortune in good terms..." That was most likely the first time ~ was used in the way that we most often use it now: to ~ is to warm yourself, either literally or figuratively, in the glow of the sun, good fortune, happiness, or a job well done. The court basks in brilliant shadows casted by the vertical brick offsets in the plain unobtrusive brick walls.

decry

(v.) to condemn, express strong disapproval, to criticize openly; to officially depreciate When you dye your hair pink and orange, your mother ~ies your act as a horror and bursts into tears. She criticizes your choice of colors, stating that pink and purple would have looked better. You might ~ learning French, declaring it as a waste of time. Yet many English words come from French. When the French conquered England in 1066, they brought with them their language as well as their social system. Because French was spoken mostly by the ruling class, many of the loan words are formal. ~ comes from the Old French descrier, "to cry out" or "announce." When you ~ something, you simultaneously condemn it and discredit it, a formal act. George Floyd's death in May set off a wave of protests decrying policing tactics. Protesters decried the violence as being unrelated to the demonstrations yet government officials consider them linked to the "end Sars" protests. ABS-CBN, whose regional network reached millions of viewers, was taken off free television this year in a move that journalists decried as politically motivated. He handed over power to civilian rule soon after but then led another coup two years later, decrying the government's corruption and weak leadership.

impart

(v.) to give, pass something on, share; to make known, tell Let me ~ a little bit of knowledge to you about the word ~. It means to pass on, transmit, or bestow. If you share this with your study partner, you are ~ing your new wisdom. Studying ~s confidence as well as information, long life ~s wisdom, and anise seed ~s the flavor of licorice. Your mother can ~ the importance of dressing neatly each and every day. Though it shares a root with the word part, ~ doesn't mean to split into pieces, but rather to divide or share with another. Let me ~ this message to you — always do your part! Perforated wood panels and solid oak flooring in the atriums impart senses such as vision, hearing, smell and touch to compensate for the white, weightless, and digital environment at the surrounding rooms. Blinn was modest about his accomplishments and the accolades he received, she said, with a "humble, grounded view of life" that he imparted to his family. "He's one of the great minds in our league, and he's able to impart his vision to others, because he connects with everybody he meets." The agencies imparted the warning months before disclosing publicly in August that Moscow was trying to interfere in the election by taking aim at Mr. Biden's campaign, the officials said. The lesson that the film, Slaughterbots, is trying to impart is clear: tiny killer robots are either here or a small technological advance away.

plunder

(v.) to rob by force, especially during wartime; to seize wrongfully; SYN: despoil, foray, loot, pillage, ransack, reave, rifle, strip, sack, despoil, rape, spoil, violate (n.) property stolen by force SYN: booty, dirty money, loot, pillage, prize, swag ~ can mean stolen goods or money obtained illegally, or the act of taking those things. A burglar might ~ a jewelry store and then sneak off with her ~. ~ is an old Middle High German word that originally meant "household goods and clothes": in other words, your stuff. During the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), English speakers acquired this word while fighting in the land that is today Germany, but with the added meaning of taking the ~ as, well, ~. As both a noun and verb, a synonym for ~ is loot. Lozada observes that to Mehta immigration is reparations, "payback for colonialism, for the plunder of resources, for ecological and economic devastation" of the homeland. In fact, it retained its enormous power in large part by using the Bible and a version of Christianity to validate plunder and human suffering on a staggering scale. The fourth winner was 61-year-old rights and environmental activist Lottie Cunningham Wren of Nicaragua "for her ceaseless dedication to the protection of indigenous lands and communities from exploitation and plunder." "Our act aimed to erase the acts of indignity and disrespect of those who plundered our homes," Mr. Diyabanza said.

pub

A ~ is a bar or tavern that serves food and often acts as a community gathering place. People visit ~s to eat lunch, to drink beer, or to play darts with their friends. ~ is a shortened form of public house that dates from 1859. In the sixteenth century, a public house was first "any building open to the public," and then "an inn that sells food and drink." Today, the word ~ is more or less synonymous with tavern — both are primarily places to drink beer, wine, or spirits, though a ~ (especially in Great Britain) is seen as vital to its neighborhood, a cozy place to gather. His father ran a pub, was a longshoreman, and played semipro soccer. His mother was a homemaker. A group of English pub and nightclub owners led by Manchester club night and events operator Sacha Lord will instruct lawyers to begin opposing the government if Johnson orders pubs closed. Businesses including gyms and pubs are expected to be shut, but restaurants are lobbying to be allowed to remain open. The effect is a history of currency full of astonishing tales you might tell a friend in the pub. "I'm going to really let my hair down and get drunk in a pub," he replies, sotto voce.

fermentation

Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen; The chemical action of yeast on sugars تخمیر ~ is the process in which a substance breaks down into a simpler substance. Microorganisms like yeast and bacteria usually play a role in the ~ process, creating beer, wine, bread, kimchi, yogurt and other foods. ~ comes from the Latin word fermentare, meaning "to leaven." To make bread rise, you use a leavening agent to "wake up" dry yeast by mixing it with water. The yeast then starts "eating" the sugar in the dough and off-gassing alcohol: that's ~. Grape juice becomes wine as the ~ process is complete. The building's trefoil design expresses the three main stages of production: fermentation in steel vats; ageing in oak barrels; and finally, ageing in bottles. These are controlled by an operations hub at the core. The aroma releases throughout the fermentation and aging process, making a seemingly unaffected wine taste more ashy over time. Such murkiness is appropriate, since Ms. Shin is interested in processes we can't see, like brewing, fermentation, and the cultivation of mold, and how they reflect the complexities of society. A tour guide takes seated guests through the whiskey-making process with the help of individual samples of raw ingredients, a contained display of fermentation, a demo on a miniature still, and a tasting flight. Nature spoke to four researchers who turned their brewing and fermentation hobbies into business ventures.

earnest

Serious and sincere If you are ~, it means you are serious about something. Your parents might not want you to drop out of school to follow some fly-by-night dream, but if you're ~ about wanting a career in show biz, they'll support you. If you are ~, you pursue your purpose in a steady, sincere, and eager way. The phrase in ~ uses ~ as a noun, as in, "Once you stop fooling around and start studying in ~, you'll find you learn the material quickly." Oscar Wilde's classic play The Importance of Being ~ plays on the fact that Ernest is also a man's name. If the response is bad, earnest viewers may be deterred from copying them. Alberta's oil boom started in earnest in the 1940s. This is our last Surge entry of this stupid election and the only one in which we will be completely earnest. The Morey pursuit began in earnest two years ago, when Philadelphia made a push for him to replace the ousted Bryan Colangelo but was rebuffed.

orgy

Wild and riotous merrymaking, or an overindulgence in some activity If you have an ~ of presents or snacks or even new ideas, you have so many it's almost obscene. In this figurative use, ~ means an event where there is just too much of a good thing! The word ~ comes from the Greek orgia meaning "secret rites" which referred to the secret rites of Dionysus, the Greek god of wine and love-making. An ~ is a gathering of a number of people that involves sex and drinking. You can use the word ~ to refer to any intense, excessive activity. Before school starts in the fall, most kids get to go on an ~ of shopping for clothes and school supplies. Asking if I should bring a sweater to the recording studio seemed like calling the organizer of an orgy and checking to see if they needed coasters. It is an orgy of inconsistencies and inexplicable technical choices. And the second thought was that the News of the World made a fatal mistake, because, while the orgy was definitely German-tinged everywhere, it wasn't Nazi-themed. The fires will surely start soon, and marauding masses will lay waste to society in an orgy of greed and murder.

huddle

a closely packed group - to gather closely together, usually because of cold or fear - to hold your arms and legs close to your body, usually because you are cold or frightened - (inf.) a quick private conference before a football game In a football game, a ~ is a quick conference before a play. ~ can also be a dense and disorganized crowd, like a group of people standing under an awning waiting for the rain to pass. As a verb ~ means to draw people together or to crouch low or curl up. The word comes from the late 16th century, when it meant "to conceal." That makes sense. When a burglar comes into your home, you might ~ in the closet so he'll leave without harming you. When your mom comes to see if you're sleeping, you might ~ under your blankets with your flashlight so she won't know you're still up reading. Times journalists find civilians huddling in basements as a three-week-old conflict over the disputed Caucasus territory hints of a long and punishing fight. "Are they really the poor, huddled masses yearning to be free?" she says in the film's narration. About 50 people — many of them Latino immigrants — huddled near the room's entrance, some with their faces only partially covered by masks. Colin Vole huddled piteously on some dirty sacking in a corner, while Mr. Abram Vole and his wife battered away at the door with their paws tied together.

inventory

a complete list of items such as property, goods in stock, or the contents of a building An ~ is an itemized list of everything you have. So you better take inventory of what's in the fridge before going grocery shopping. Otherwise, you'll end up with more jars of mustard that you don't need. The noun form of ~ developed in the early 15th century from the Middle French inventaire, meaning "detailed list of goods." It's most commonly used in retail: a shop's ~ is everything that they have in stock, ready to sell. You can also use ~ as a verb when you want to describe the act of listing out the merchandise or supplies you have on hand. Meanwhile, the entire Turkish inventory of combat aircraft consists of U.S.-supplied F-16s and more than half of its armored vehicles are of American origin. The investigation found that due to issues with the previous inventory control system, officials failed to investigate until receiving a third report in July 2019. Then in May, a viral story about a pizzeria owner buying his own inventory from DoorDash at a profit raised eyebrows about the way it subsidizes some deliveries. He canoed on Buck Lake and reveled in making a mental inventory every day of what wildlife he spotted: bear, deer and mountain lions, timber rattlers and whip snakes, blue-bellied lizards and green skinks.

dichotomy

a division into two parts; two opposite part of a whole SYN: duality A ~ is an idea or classification split in two. When you point out a ~, you draw a clear distinction between two things. A ~ is a contrast between two things. When there are two ideas, especially two opposed ideas — like war and peace, or love and hate — you have a ~. You often hear about a "false ~," which occurs when a situation is unfairly represented as an "either/or" scenario. For example, the statement "All cars are either small and efficient or large and polluting" creates a false ~ because there are some cars that don't fit into either category. The report argued, in what reads like Mr. Robinson's voice, that the national debate on education in Britain had been expressed as a series of failed dichotomies — "as a choice between the arts or the sciences; the core curriculum or the broad curriculum; between academic standards or creativity; freedom or authority in teaching methods." The passage suggests that anyone attempting to evaluate Mendelssohn's career must confront which of the following dichotomies? The dichotomy between Los Angeles' two NFL teams presents an interesting case study. This reminded me of the dichotomy that Machiavelli posited in "The Discourses": the contest between virtù and ozio. "There is a dichotomy to Jefferson Davis," he said in the office of the museum. Even then, the language used for such a dichotomy was generally observational rather than judgmental.

interrogatory

a formal question or inquiry, especially a written question required to be answered under direction of a court relating to the use of or having the nature of an interrogation Syn: interrogative Antonyms: asserting, declarative, declaratory formal systematic questioning Syn: examination, interrogation The interrogatory form of the statement may help some writers develop alternative viewpoints. Monroe offered to sit for a deposition and ultimately submitted answers to written interrogatories. Unsurprisingly, I turned first to essays, that interrogatory genre in which we confront a consciousness in conversation with itself. While its purpose is interrogatory, the interview is kept as relaxed as possible, Bag says. Separately, at the Senate impeachment trial Thursday, Warren posed a question that, by rule, was read aloud by Roberts -- and even Democrats in the chamber appeared visibly puzzled by the interrogatory.

attrition

a gradual reduction or weakening; a rubbing away فرسایشی، فرسودگی، سایش ~ is a gradual process of wearing down, weakening, or destroying something. When a company wants to reduce its payroll without firing anyone, it will sometimes do so through ~; that is, by waiting for people to retire or quit without hiring anyone new to replace them. In a more general sense, the word means break down, wear out, or reduce in numbers. A triple overtime basketball game, with many players fouling out, is a war of ~. When you see the word ~, think "Gradually chipping away." The three-week-old conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia over a disputed territory in the Caucasus Mountains, where Europe meets Asia, has settled into a brutal war of attrition, soldiers and civilians said in interviews here on the ground in recent days. "Their war effort against the Armenians is principally an attrition fight," Michael Kofman, a military analyst at CNA, a nonprofit research and analysis organization in Arlington, Virginia, said of Azerbaijan's campaign. It's fitting that James's Los Angeles Lakers and Butler's Miami Heat are the last teams standing after a months-long war of attrition. No different than many of their peers around the Pac-12 and country, the Cougars will face roster attrition due to the coronavirus pandemic. Otherwise, there would be attrition of Democratic votes.

discrepancy

a lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts; a difference; a lack of agreement A ~ is a lack of agreement or balance. If there is a ~ between the money you earned and the number on your paycheck, you should complain to your boss. There is a ~ when there is a difference between two things that should be alike. For example, there can be a wide ~ or a slight ~ between two objects, stories, or facts. The noun ~ is from Latin discrepare "to sound differently," from the prefix dis- "from" plus crepare "to rattle, creak." A spokeswoman for Ivey declined to address the discrepancies among the campuses but said she felt that the outbreaks were slight and that the experiment with reopening schools is largely working. "The discrepancy between demand and the supply for workforce and affordable housing is so enormous at all times," he said. The discrepancies were significant enough that she felt the testimony was not reliable. The White House did not respond to questions regarding the discrepancies between Trump's account of his condition and the weekend updates given by his doctors.

vat

a large container such as a tub or barrel used for holding liquids خمره، خمره رنگرزی، دیگ barrel: بشکه A ~ is a big container for holding liquids. If you're having a big party, your mom may get you to help cook a ~ of spaghetti sauce to feed all your hungry relatives. Here is an easy way to remember that ~ has a short a sound: If you eat the whole ~, you'll probably get fat. Remember, though, that ~s are not always food-related. People who make pottery, for example, keep ~s of glazes in which they dip their vases and cups in order to color them. No matter what a ~ contains, it's often heavy and hard to move. The building's trefoil design expresses the three main stages of production: fermentation in steel vats; ageing in oak barrels; and finally, ageing in bottles. These are controlled by an operations hub at the core. However, with this cuvée she does use the semi-carbonic technique, in which whole bunches of grapes are piled into large vats. Once the vat is teeming with bacteria and brimming with antibodies, workers remove the soup and concentrate the antibodies for use as a drug. She eventually set up a production line in the club, with big plastic vats of bleach on the bar area. Narrated by spooky singing in the background, an employee began by cooking up a giant vat of rice.

appliance

a piece of electrical equipment with a particular purpose in the home An ~ is a tool or device that performs a certain job. Your toaster is an ~, and so is your dishwasher. Your dog? Not so much. Most modern homes are full of ~s that perform various useful tasks — or help you perform them. A hairdryer is an ~ that dries your hair, and a television is an ~ that offers hours of mindless entertainment. The earliest meaning of the word was "action of putting into use," from the verb apply, with its Latin root, applicare, which figuratively means "devote oneself to" or "give attention." Modern appliances, advanced medicine, and improved fuel efficiency are founded on earlier models. With the acquisition, Grupo de Narváez will own 656 stores including supermarkets, and apparel and home appliance outlets in nine countries including Ecuador and Uruguay, and employ more than 24,500 workers. Manufacturing output is still rebounding, with Americans stepping up their purchases of cars, homes and housing-related goods like appliances and furniture. But orders for machinery, furniture, and electrical equipment, appliances, and components fell. An intelligent and evil pulse of electricity moves from house to house rewiring domestic appliances, turning them against the occupants.

stack

a pile; to arrange in piles to cheat A ~ is a tidy pile, like the ~ of books on your nightstand or the ~ of pancakes on your plate at breakfast. You can also use ~ as a verb meaning "to arrange in piles." If you ~ the dollar bills you earned from your lemonade stand, you'll eventually have a ~ of dollar bills. Unlike the similar word pile, ~ implies a neat, orderly bundle, rather than a messy, haphazard one. When someone "stacks the deck," they cheat in order to achieve the outcome they want—sometimes literally, by arranging a deck of cards unfairly. Proposing an environmentally friendly alternative to the typically horizontally spread manufacturing buildings, this factory offers an innovative vertical densification strategy, stacking the usable zones on superimposed slats. A look at how their statements from Nashville, Tennessee, stack up with the facts: During a Zoom interview this week, Traci held up a thick stack of manila envelopes containing applications from families seeking assistance. Opponents, like the Cincinnati Bengals, responded by frequently stacking nine or 10 players within 5 yards of the line of scrimmage. Opposing defenses are stacking the line in an effort to quash a running game that last season amassed an unprecedented 3,296 yards.

despondency

a state of low spirits caused by loss of hope or courage; depression; dejection; despair ~ is a sad emotional state — much like depression. If you're in a state of ~, you're feeling hopeless and super bummed out. ~ is one of many emotional states that are not pleasant — it's a kind of extreme sadness. Stubbing your toe wouldn't trigger ~, but the death of a family member or friend might. When people lose their jobs or experience failure, ~ can happen — they feel despondent. ~ can include not only sadness, but feelings of hopelessness. It's a terrible way to feel, and it's not easy to get over it. Interviews with several Census Bureau enumerators, who are tasked with going door to door to count residents, revealed an atmosphere of desperation and despondency. A well-run canine daycare may be the ideal protection against doggy despondency. "There's also that feeling of despondency: 'We've been telling people this is an issue and nobody's been listening and then it's gotten worse. So what's being done about it?'" A teenager's despondency over her father's suicide causes concern for her brother and stepmother Narrated by Hume Cronyn.

demographic

a statistic characterizing human populations (or segments of human populations broken down by age or sex or income etc.) Advertising agencies like to schedule their commercials in television shows that appeal to the 18-49 ~, because this segment of the population has a lot of spending power. ~ is a word companies use when they're trying to sell their products to a particular group of consumers. A movie studio that wants to promote its new film, "Revenge of the Senior Kitties," might aim for the 65-to-85-year-old cat-lover . A ~ can consist of people who are in the same age group, such as 18-to-29-year-olds, or ethnic group, such as African-Americans. The survey demographics are representative of the city. While Democrats benefitted from evolving demographics and voter registration in Fairfield County, they also got some help from Trump himself. Many of those in the groups were formerly healthy and active and don't fit the demographic of those we were told would face the greatest danger from the virus. While many of Trump's evangelical allies are white, the president's campaign also worked to appeal to Latino voters and the GOP saw signs of improvement with that demographic in several states. Prior to this year's polarizing election, recent research already found relatively similar levels of tolerance for wolves across different demographics in the state, including among ranchers and hunters.

raid

a sudden short attack A ~ is a military attack, especially a quick surprise attack. The word comes from the military but has spread out — police might raid a shady nightclub to find bad guys, or a babysitter might ~ the refrigerator. When an army launches a ~, you can say they raid, or attack abruptly. This verb can also be used to mean "search" or "enter unexpectedly," as when police officers raid a suspect's home or summer campers' raid a neighboring cabin. The military meaning is the oldest, and the word comes from the Scottish rade, "a riding" or "a journey," from the Old English rad, which is also the root of road. Last year, two French soldiers were killed in a raid in Burkina Faso that freed four hostages, two of them French. On Wednesday, hours before law enforcement raided the home, a blast shook the Karshnock's windows, they said, leading them to later believe it was a test of a homemade explosive. FBI agents raided the city attorney's office and utility's headquarters last year. Authorities raided the Vac Shack on Wednesday as part of their investigation into Fox, who authorities say referred to Whitmer as a "tyrant b---h."

articulate

able to speak clearly and expressively To ~ is to say something. And, if you say it well, someone might praise you by saying you are ~. Confused yet? It's all in the pronunciation. Reach for ~ when you need an adjective meaning "well-spoken" (pronounced ar-TIC-yuh-lit) or a verb (ar-TIC-yuh-late) meaning "to speak or express yourself clearly." The key to understanding ~'s many uses is to think of the related noun article: an ~ person clearly pronounces each article of his or her speech (that is, each word and syllable), and an ~d joint is divided up into distinct articles, or parts. Characterized by an L-shaped plan and a silhouette that varies in height, the volumes develop into an articulated form, establishing crisp lines and allowing the square in front to be designed and defined as a collective space. She articulated that "we're going to need a serious public investment in a bold solution that actually matches the scale of the crisis." Greatness is something that is articulated within the ideology of this country.

invidious

an act, thought, opinion, or critique that is full of ill will or prejudice; offensive, hateful, spiteful; tending to cause bitterness and resentment; causing envy; Something can be described as ~ when it is resentful, discriminatory, or envious, as in: "Fred was angered by the ~ gossip about his divorce being spread by his ex-wife's allies." The adjective ~ is used to describe an act, thought, opinion, or critique that is full of ill will or prejudice. It comes from a Latin word that means "hostile." When the captain of a cheerleading squad says nasty things about an opposing cheer team's skills, work ethic, and uniforms, those are ~ comments. insidious / invidious Neither insidious nor invidious are happy words: insidious describes something that lies in wait to get you, and invidious is something offensive or defamatory. Cancer can be insidious, lurking in your body without your knowing it. Invidious doesn't hide; it's hateful right away. On its own, a rural state bias in representation is potentially problematic but not invidious. His words echoed recent remarks from Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, who fretted in a lengthy Foreign Affairs essay that Southeast Asia might face an "invidious choice" of picking between Washington- and Beijing-led blocs. When Britain's death toll from the virus first surpassed those of other European countries in May, Mr. Johnson argued that country-to-country comparisons were invidious because governments collect and analyze data differently. Morrissey-Berru will yank a large number of them outside state and federal protections against invidious discrimination.

cellar

an underground room or rooms; basement; the lowermost portion of a structure partly or wholly below ground level زیرزمین، سرداب A ~ is a basic, unfinished basement. In a very old house, the ~ might have stone walls and a rough dirt floor. Your ~ might basically be a basement, a place you keep your tools, and do your laundry. Some ~s have specific purposes, including a storm ~, where you take cover during a tornado or other storm, and a root ~, where you store potatoes and other root vegetables during the cold months of the year. This kind of ~ comes the closest to the meaning of the Latin root, cellarium: "pantry or storeroom." "They added a clubroom next to the wine cellar, and there are fun places for all ages like the billiard room, a TV room, and a wine-tasting room." It must be particularly fine this year, judging from the sound of many rowdy ballads issuing from the wine cellars. In addition to the 9,600-square-foot home, there's a swimming pool shaded by trees and a 600-square-foot wine cellar made of reclaimed Jerusalem stone secluded at the edge of the property. There are more than 500 wineries in the four major wine regions immediately surrounding Adelaide, and almost half as many cellar doors.

ad hoc

arranged or happening when necessary and not planned in advance If you call an ~ meeting of your knitting buddies, it means the meeting was formed for one particular reason — to knit. Anything ~ is either done for one specific purpose, or in an impromptu, last-minute way. ~ comes from the Latin words meaning "for this." Often the term is used as a criticism, in the sense that something done ~ is done hastily and can be ill thought out, serving only to address a problem in the short term. Government programs are often described as ~, for example. But the term can also imply a sense of ingenuity, of impromptu brilliance, or of something happily care-free and devoid of fuss. Like your ~ knitting event! Although the ad hoc family in "Memorial" is perhaps more upwardly mobile than the characters in "Lot," this is still no run-of-the-mill American domestic drama. Critics said the new death tolls suggested that "ad hoc" government attempts to contain the spread of the virus were not working, and a circuit breaker - as advocated by the government's scientific advisers - was necessary. The United States engaged in ad hoc political warfare as far back as the early days of the republic. But the needlessly long lines popping up throughout Ohio's cities are not merely the result of election mismanagement or an ad hoc act of voter suppression.

empirical

based on practical experience and observation rather than theory If knowledge is ~, it's based on observation rather than theory. To do an ~ study of donut shops, you'll need to visit everyone you can find. ~ looks like empire but comes from a completely different origin: it is from the Greek empeirikos, meaning "experienced." It was originally used in medicine for doctors making choices based on observation and experiment rather than theoretical ideas. It's now used for any kind of knowledge that comes from experience. You can meditate all day on the origins of donuts, but until you visit the donut bakery you'll lack ~ knowledge of donut creation. But determining honey bees' influence on natural ecosystems requires empirical testing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first empirical demonstration of quantifiable linguistic differences in news audiences. Within this historical sweep, Brown tells his story mosaically: The Beatles are assembled from shards of memory, no claims made of empirical authority. A mass movement of undecided voters toward Trump seems unlikely for both empirical and subjective reasons.

steer

be a guiding or motivating force or drive SYN: channelize, direct, guide, head, maneuver, point; confidential information, hint, lead, tip, wind In defining ~, I would ~ clear of complicated examples and just say: to ~ is to control which direction one is going. Everyone who owns a car has learned to point his car in the right direction using the ~ing wheel. It's a bad idea to let your five year-old ~; you might end up in a sandbox. But the use of ~ doesn't need to be limited to wheels and handle bars. If you have a friend torn between whether or not to go to college, you can help ~ her towards the right decision. The President's job is "to ~ the Ship of State." ~ clear: Stay away from, avoid, as in Dad warned us to ~ clear of Dr. Smith and his poor advice. This idiom alludes to guiding a vessel away from some obstacle. Its figurative use was first recorded in 1723. "So you were probably steered benignly away from things at school when you were a kid, things you liked, on the grounds that you would never get a job doing that," he said during the TED Talk. She planned to attend City College of New York and live with girlfriends in Manhattan, but her parents steered her to Bethany College, a small liberal arts school in West Virginia. After his election in 2013, Fulop vowed to use tax abatements more judiciously and to steer development projects to other areas of the city. Mayfield also includes a reading guide to help steer learning and discussion. During their recent debates with Trump and Vice President Mike Pence, respectively, both steered clear of talking about Trump's unfounded claims of a rigged election.

spellbound

bound by or as if by a spell; enchanted, entranced, or fascinated. To be ~ is to have your attention captured by something, captured so strongly it feels like witchcraft. A spell is a type of magic that controls your mind, and being bound is being tied to something. Being ~ is when your attention is caught by something, and you just can't look away, almost as if you were bound by a spell. An exciting movie can leave you ~. A great public speaker can hold the audience ~. When you're ~, your attention is on something 100%. Being ~ is like being fascinated, hypnotized, mesmerized, or transfixed. Rye is spellbound by this formidable young woman, and you will be, too. It was a Sunday evening, and Ken Scott's audience was spellbound. The society suggests that children attend in costume and prepare to be spellbound. And while some viewers will be spellbound as Louisa experiences thoughts of anxiety and despair, others are sure to rate this film as an endurance test.

clamorous

characterized by a loud noise or outcry SYN: ear-splitting, blatant, clamant, strident, vociferous, noisy ANT: quiet ~ means super loud and obnoxiously crying out. If you find yourself in the midst of a pack of ~ groupies going nuts over a celebrity sighting, you'll need to put your earplugs in. ~ comes from the Latin root clāmōr, meaning "shout." If you're a ~ person, you're not just loud, but you're also kind of aggressive about it. Townhall meetings with touchy subjects on the agenda tend to be ~ affairs, as do championship playoffs, arguments between siblings, and daytime talk shows. The toppling of the statue capped a clamorous, occasionally violent weekend of protests in London and other parts of Britain. At the Capitol, where visitors are now banned, cavernous stairways once filled with hundreds of protesters making clamorous demands of lawmakers now echo with the footsteps of sparse staffers. "Grand Horizons" is the story of her comparatively clamorous awakening, in which she finds an ally in Jess, her heavily pregnant daughter-in-law. There, the broth tends to be sweeter than its northern counterpart, more clamorous with flavors, heavier in fragrance, and less crystalline.

hue

color; the dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names blue, green, and so forth; a particular shade of a given color Green, orange, yellow, and blue — each of these is a ~, a color or a shade that's true. A rainbow shows the melting of one ~ into another, from red to violet, and all shades in between. The noun ~ means both a color and a shade of a color. Green is a ~, and turquoise is a ~ of both green and blue. Most of the time the word ~ refers to colors, but sometimes it's used for shades of meaning or even the tone of a person's face, as in "The speech had a ~ of politics — disguised with humor — that turned the mayor's face from a pale ~ to red as he laughed." The panels painted in different hues stand-out in the otherwise restrained concrete façade. The riot of leaf shapes and hues of its water-loving plants contrast with the sober procession of specimen tree collections along the eastern edge — a contrast of traditional botanical magnificence and invented but authentic nature. She paints "goddesses," Black and Indigenous women in vibrant hues, sometimes adorned with gold earrings and pipes. Voting vandalism is not all that voters of a darker hue must contend with this year. The onset of autumn would turn the leaves into a cape of fiery hue, thus adding further glory to the name and legend of Redwall Abbey.

harness

control and make use of (natural resources), especially to produce energy. A ~ is a set of straps that are put on a horse so it can be hitched to a wagon or a carriage. The ~ distributes the effort across larger sections of the horse's body. Other animals and people can also wear ~es. Your dog might have a ~ for walking, with the leash attaching to the ~ and not the collar, keeping the dog from choking itself when it pulls. People wear ~es for safety, when climbing trees or bungee jumping, for example. As a verb, ~ means to control or direct as if with a ~ for a specific purpose, the way solar power ~es the power of the sun. Man could harness the power of flowing water to turn wheels to grind grains and seeds. That, said Putin, would also mean harnessing the capability of forests and other eco-systems to absorb such gases. For those voters, a bad loss at best will stigmatize the man, not the inchoate populism he harnessed. Some witches used platforms such as Facebook Messenger and Twitter to connect with other spell-casting witches at a designated time each month, ensuring that the "mass energy of the participants" is harnessed.

derrick

crane A ~ is either a crane for lifting material or a framework over an oil well that allows the drilling machinery to be raised and lowered. A 17th century English hangman named Derrick led to a gallows being called a ~. From there, a crane with a moveable arm came to be called a ~ because it resembled a gallows. Later, another kind of ~ was created: the kind of framework you can probably picture if you think of an oil well. That ~ allows the drilling tubes to move up and down, and all these types of ~s have a similar, up-and-down purpose. Five years later, his father was paralyzed from the neck down when he was struck by a derrick. (Mr. Robinson started using a cane 10 years ago because of complications of polio.) His childhood home in the northeast corner of town looms over Oildale, an uninspired outcropping of barren land and parasitic derricks. They were on a platform drilling when the derrick began to tremble, as if a locomotive were rushing by. Crappie are good on live minnows and jigs near the derricks and bridges.

profound

deeper than deep; having great depth or seriousness; deeply knowledgeable or insightful SYN: deep, unfathomed, unplumbed, unsounded; intense, thoughtful, scholarly, sound, wakeless, fundamental, important, significant When you need a word that's deeper than "deep," consider ~. A philosopher is likely to make many ~ pronouncements. Profundus literally means "deep" in Latin, and ~ had the same meaning when it entered English in the 14th century. But even then, it also meant "figuratively deep" — that is, very great or intense: "The new laws have had a ~ impact." Of people, it means "very knowledgeable or insightful," but sometimes when a person tries to sound ~, they're really just giving you superficial knowledge dressed up with big words. "Don't do music, you're not going to be a musician; don't do art, you won't be an artist. Benign advice — now, profoundly mistaken." Homecoming, a massive celebration of Blackness that extends beyond a single campus, is also a salve — to nearly eight months of profound loss and a summer of protests of violence against Black people. Sentencing Commission discussing the profound racism exercised against Black Americans who enter the criminal justice system. She said enforcement would do "profound and immediate" harm to crocodile populations and "thousands of poor people who rely on income earned from collecting eggs for crocodile farming." "With the economic contraction, poverty is becoming more profound."

cosmopolitan

familiar with and at ease in many different countries and cultures; worldly; sophisticated Your Aunt Eleanor, who's lived in six different countries and speaks four languages fluently, might be described as ~, or comfortable and familiar with different cultures and people. People who are ~ have an air of glamour surrounding them, a sense that they've seen a lot of the world and are sophisticated and at ease with all different kinds of people. Places can also be described as ~, meaning "diverse," or bustling with lots of people of varying nationalities. Any way you use it, ~ implies a sophistication, which might explain why both a well-known alcoholic cocktail and a famous women's magazine are both named after the word cosmopolitan. It is a paradox of the Victorians that they were both insular and, through their empire, cosmopolitan. Indeed, it's exactly the mainstream nature of this more liberal, cosmopolitan strain of American culture that explains why we're seeing such fierce, outsized anger from Trump voters. Hazzard lived a cosmopolitan life, which is reflected in her work. Far from being harmless or innocent, the remark shows that Americans, even ostensibly cosmopolitan and liberal ones, really don't grasp the pervasiveness of U.S. power. Bukharin, a cosmopolitan figure who wrote several books and was the editor of the official Communist Party newspaper Pravda, was seen as a possible heir to Lenin.

pristine

fresh and clean, uncorrupted, unspoiled If something is ~ it's immaculately clean or has never been used. So please check your shoes before walking on a ~ white carpet. A long, long time ago ~ was used to describe primitive or ancient things. It wasn't until 1899 that the word grew to mean "unspoiled" or "pure." Ecologists strive to preserve ~ rain forests, just as vacationers are always looking for a ~ strip of beach to lounge on. A new car should arrive to you in ~ condition, and hopefully, you'll do your best to keep it that way. Located in Lima's center industrial area, the project negotiates a neutral façade with a pristine interior space. For her design of a half-sphere toilet paper holder, she eschewed conventions of bathroom hygiene that dictate that every surface appear pristine. Kamchatka is one of Russia's remotest regions, famous for its pristine nature and active volcanoes. They keep our trails and parks maintained and pristine! "Its place in history as a home - a pristine, modern sculpture in the raw desert - is incredible," Radziner told home design magazine Dwell.

envious

full of jealousy for another's possessions ~ is another way to say jealous or resentful — in other words, you want what someone else has, whether it's charming good looks or the last chocolate frosted donut. Once upon a time, ~ meant "eager to emulate." Nowadays this adjective is used to describe covetous feelings or a state of painful desire. ~ usually isn't a good thing to be; it's better to let it go and be happy with what you've got. Just remember the words of the wise Greek philosopher Antisthenes: "As iron is eaten away by rust, so the ~ are consumed by their own passion." envy / jealousy It's no fun to feel envy or jealousy because both make you feel inadequate. Envy is when you want what someone else has, but jealousy is when you're worried someone's trying to take what you have. If you want your neighbor's new convertible, you feel envy. If she takes your husband for a ride, you feel jealousy. "I was envious of my husband, to be honest," she said. She thought of a poem she once wrote about a princess envious of her brother because one day he would be king; she wanted to be powerful. I find myself envious of all the years she knew these books. One Weibo user writes about being "envious of the freedom of expression" in the US, as anti-government protests are often forcefully cracked down in China.

porous

full of tiny holes متخلخل If something is full of tiny holes or openings, you can describe it as ~. A sponge is ~, and if the border between countries is open for anyone to cross easily, it too can be called ~. You can see the word pore — meaning "a tiny opening" — in ~. When potters make a mug, they use special glazes to seal the ~ clay, which otherwise would absorb the liquid you put in the mug. This meaning has expanded so ~ can describe any barrier that allows easy passage in and out, like the ~ border between two countries that allows residents to move easily between them. Taking reference from the traditional tropical architecture of the region the design has developed with porous façade devised as a lush plantation "skin", the suspended structure is supported by a two-layer rope network stretched from the ground to the roof. In Week 7, he'll face a Lions front that is porous against the run though. Evaporative pavement relies on rainwater seeping into its porous surface and then cooling the pavement and the air during slow evaporation. Then everybody got to 2020, and the SEC got started, and Georgia's defense looked peerless, and Alabama's defense looked porous. Its defense is porous enough to lose every game.

presumptive

having a reasonable basis for belief or acceptance Having a good reason to believe that something is true means that it is ~ — you could call a person you assume will be nominated for school president the "~ nominee." After an election, when the votes are still being counted but it's clear who the winner will be, reporters often talk about that person as the ~ winner. And if a doctor were fairly certain you had strep throat, she might call it her ~ diagnosis. The Latin root word is praesumptionem, which means "confidence or audacity." a person who agrees to serve as a mediator between two warring factions at the request of both abandons by so agreeing the right to take sides later. To take sides at a later point would be to suggest that the earlier presumptive impartiality was a sham. Presumptive signs of pregnancy: vomiting and morning sickness, amenorrhea, frequency urination, breast tenderness. For Kyle Lewis, the award's presumptive favorite, the announcement that he's a finalist for the Jackie Robinson American League Rookie of the Year award was basically a formality. Most Republicans saw her as the presumptive nominee.

numinous

having a strong religious or spiritual quality; indicating or suggesting the presence of a divinity Something ~ has a strong religious quality, suggesting the presence of a divine power. When you enter a temple, church, or mosque, you might feel as though you've entered a ~ space. ~ comes from the Latin numin- meaning "divine power." This word also comes from numen, a word used to describe the spirit or divine power characteristic of a thing or place. However, you don't have to be in a strictly religious environment to experience something ~; you might see the beauty of a painting or the melody of a song as ~ — if they communicate a spiritual vibe. My grandma has a strong belief in all things numinous: she insists, for example, that the house in which she lieved as a child was haunted. We devour the latest polls but tell ourselves not to believe them, casting salt over our shoulders and muttering incantations to the numinous entities of our choosing. The Lydian here is an anachronism evoking a lost, numinous realm. The former receive all the press and relate to the feeling of an overwhelming presence, something numinous, divine. Left in their original settings, Buddhas and flying apsaras, demons and monsters, are still numinous.

clad

having an outer covering especially of thin metal ~ means "dressed or covered." Most kids go to school ~ in jeans and t-shirts, but students in the Shakespeare club might show up ~ in velvet gowns or leather breeches. As a verb, ~ is the past tense and past particle of "clothe," as in "the leprechaun clad himself in green." It's also an adjective that describes being covered or clothed, so a building can be ~ in brick, while a person can be ~ in head-to-toe sequins. It's an old-fashioned word, kind of like "shod," which means "wearing footwear." Despite punishing addictions to alcohol and tranquilizers, Beth, clad in Gabriele Binder's elegant period costumes, plays and trains obsessively, rising through the rankings until she faces the world's best. Even clad in his nightwear he radiated calm and fortitude. Ms. Davis achieved fame as the pink-sneaker clad state senator who filibustered a restrictive abortion law but then made a spectacular flop in a gubernatorial bid. In one vignette, we see a woman walking down a country road when she encounters a white man clad in what looks to be a Klan robe sitting at the base of a tree.

afresh

in a new or different way When you do something ~, you start it again as if it's the first time. You might, for example, start ~ baking a new apple pie after burning the first one. When you see the adverb ~, it's often following "start" or "begin." Doing something ~ is getting a fresh start, or a complete do-over. Your grandfather might start ~ with his new job as a goat farmer after a lifetime working as an accountant. Or you might start ~ with a classmate you used to argue with, determined to find a way to get along. In both examples, someone is approaching things in a brand new way. The Faustino Winery is Foster + Partners first winery and was an opportunity to look afresh at the building type, using the natural topography of the site to aid the wine-making process and create the optimum working conditions. Morris wants his viewers to scrape away the crust of words and stories encasing these objects and what happened to them, to see the evidence afresh. Because they will all essentially be starting afresh in the next round of testing, a single positive test on Monday will not automatically trigger their exclusion, ASO said. Teresa Cheng, Hong Kong's justice secretary, said the process would start afresh next year. Over the last three years, it's been interesting to watch a series of Republican officeholders break free from old orthodoxies and begin to think afresh.

insular

isolated; narrow or provincial; parochial ~ means "having a narrow view of the world," like ~ people who never leave their small town, which enables them to believe that every place in the world is the same and the people are all just like them. The adjective ~ comes from the Latin word insula, which means "island." Perhaps less so in our current age of technological and relatively easy travel, island life can still be separated from the rest. That's why ~ can mean "isolated from," like if you grew up in a big city then visited a rural place, you may be surprised that stores close early. Such an experience will help you expand your ~ views. During the worst days of the Nassar crisis, the board of trustees often seemed insular, concerned more with preserving the reputations and careers of longtime university allies than in promoting the transparency justice required. Cameron Parish is tightknit and insular, a place where family wealth was often held in parcels of land handed down one generation to the next. Senior corporate executives and recruiters said the notion of a shallow minority talent pool is frequently cited as a hurdle to improving diversity but probably reflects insular professional and social networks. The sport is "an insular community with a gross amount of wealth and white privilege," Gochman, who is white, wrote.

clarion

loud and clear; trumpetlike sound; kind of trumpet used in former times If you hear the ~ call of the stage, it means you want to be an actor. ~ means loud and clear, and a ~ call is a call to something that is hard to ignore. A ~ is a medieval horn with a clear sound. Hard to ignore, but also pure and clear in tone. There's nothing shrill about a "clarion call." Martin Luther King Jr.'s ~ call for all races in the U.S. to live together in peace and harmony has lived on after his death. He chaired a national education commission whose 1999 report was a clarion call to create a national strategy focusing on creative and cultural education. As we advocate for justice in America, we must not forget that this same clarion call for justice is desperately needed outside of America too. This 21-centimeter glow is ubiquitous, and Drake supposed it might be a universal channel on the cosmic dashboard, a natural place for a clarion "We are here!" The clarion call to which we are all so neurologically susceptible is an appeal to emotion, not reason. "Imprisonment is not passive deterrence as the defendant argues. It serves as a clarion call to stop texting and driving before the next person dies senselessly because of someone's reckless and selfish behavior."

lush

marked by richness of growth, especially of vegetation; produced or growing in extreme abundance; luxurious, elaborate ~ describes something growing in abundance, like the ~ green grass that covers the lawn in the spring. ~ usually describes thick healthy plant growth, like the jungles of the rainforest that were so ~ you couldn't walk through without chopping down branches. (Then it wasn't so ~ anymore...oops!) ~ also means "plush" or even "extravagant" — like a thick shag carpet, music with lots of layers, or a bedroom wallpapered in velvet. Plants full of juice are ~, which is perhaps why a person who drinks too much alcohol is called a ~. Taking reference from the traditional tropical architecture of the region the design has developed with porous façade devised as a lush plantation "skin", the suspended structure is supported by a two-layer rope network stretched from the ground to the roof. Colors overwhelm the senses on the drive into town, with the lush green of the trees rising over the red earth of the mountains, and the leaves turning golden orange in the autumn sun. Elegant Asian conifers spread their lushly needled branches alongside youthful American hardwoods. A masterwork of style, tone and technical prowess, the gothic tale of obsession and suspense fused the kind of lush romance associated with "women's pictures" of the era with the subversive shadowplay of film noir. Turning Tables - 21's lushly orchestrated screw-you moment - depicts said row's aftermath.

enduring

not diminishing; lasting Many people have an ~ love for ice cream, that is, they have loved it for a long time and will continue to love it into the future. ~ means long-lasting. ~ has roots that go back about 1,500 years to the Late Latin period. It is quite an ~ word! The original root meant hard, so your ~ friendship or your ~ interest in sports is solid enough to stand the test of time. Besides meaning long-lasting, ~ sometimes means long-suffering as when someone has an ~ disposition, but this meaning is found in the verb more than in the adjective. The royalties for "Coat of Many Colors," her enduring 1971 song about cherishing a garment her mother sewed from rags in spite of being shamed for it at school, roll in year after year. "The creation of this fellowship is an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of slavery's enduring legacy in our nation's capital," said Stewart McLaurin, the association's president. Blumenthal told Barrett her participation in election cases would do "explosive, enduring harm to the court's legitimacy and your own credibility." "Your participation... in any case involving Donald Trump's election would immediately do explosive, enduring harm to the court's legitimacy and to your own credibility. You must recuse yourself," Sen. Richard Blumenthal, D- Conn., said Monday.

pastiche

piece of literature or music imitating other works The next time you see a movie that you think is a cheap imitation of an older, better movie, you can sound like a film critic by dismissing the picture as a thoughtless ~. A ~ is an artwork that copies the style of another work or that combines various, distinct styles together into one work. A ~ can also be a musical medley, or the piecing together of various songs. ~ comes from the Italian word pasticcio, which can refer to a pie containing a mix of ingredients, such as meat and pasta. Despite the obvious Winehouse influence, Adele imprints enough of her own personality to stop Melt My Heart to Stone sounding like pastiche. Contemporary white supremacy is a mishmash of old anti-Semitic tropes, racist pseudoscience, and bizarre fantasia — what Lavin calls a "bigot's pastiche." They were either genre craftsmen of boundless range and impeccable wit and craft, or glib, soulless pastiche artists who condescended to their characters, and to the audience at large. Characters like this serve as batteries for the fannish imagination; they generate pastiches and spinoffs and vast databases of fan fiction.

perforated

pierced with holes; a state that completely surrounds another state Something ~ usually contains a series of tiny holes. You might see a ~ line on a utility bill, where you are supposed to tear off that part to mail in with your check. Anything with holes can be said to be ~, especially if the holes are in a row or series. You wouldn't say something with one hole is ~. This word can have some grim uses, like if you're talking about a murder victim whose body was ~ with bullets. The mass is a simple form-finished concrete envelope with long colorful perforated metal screen adorned with landscape. One of the women was seriously wounded, suffering a perforated lung. Tsitsipas said Saturday night with a mischievousness that perforated all the barriers between him and his audience. Men wore perforated leather jackets with loose trousers, suits with 1940s boxy jackets, and bright trenches. Early in the evening, pink light sifts in through a facade of hinged white metal panels perforated with a design taken from Victorian wallpaper.

superimpose

place on atop of adding your own take on something, or when you try to have an impact on someone's behavior ~ means laying one thing on top of another. It's often used to describe images in a photo collage — like the ~d image of a skyscraper on the surface of the moon. The verb ~ is typically used in graphics or photography to describe how images can be put on top of one another for dramatic effect. Use it also to show adding your own take on something, or when you try to have an impact on someone's behavior: "She tried to ~ her ideas of perfection onto the lazy habits of her children." Proposing an environmentally friendly alternative to the typically horizontally spread manufacturing buildings, this factory offers an innovative vertical densification strategy, stacking the usable zones on superimposed slats. The day before, protesters took turns posing in front of a spray-painted sign on a road that showed the Thai flag superimposed with the words "Republic of Thailand." Last December, a campaign video superimposed Donald Trump's face on the body of Thanos, the Avengers villain who sought to kill half of all life. He also tweeted an image superimposing Biden's face on that of a care home resident, in a move unlikely to appeal to older voters.

insidious

proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects If something is slowly and secretly causing harm, it's ~ — like the rumors no one seems to listen to until suddenly someone's reputation is ruined. ~ is related to the Latin noun, īnsidiae meaning "ambush" which comes from the Latin verb, īnsidēre "to lie in wait for." This is very fitting as an ~ rumor or problem is one whose negative effect is not realized until the damage is already done. Similarly, an ~ disease develops internally without symptoms, so that you don't realize right away that you are sick. The lesson, of course, is that COVID-19 is the most powerful and insidious opponent that any team will face this season. With Trump's America realized, it's been more of the same, yet somehow even worse: He pushed a collective-punishment approach to Muslim immigration, and he never stopped his constant stream of insidious lies and insults. Louisiana Attorney General Jeff Landry, whose office filed a lawsuit initially rejected by a district court judge, said private money spent on elections in any amount is "inherently insidious." One of the most insidious details was "buried" on Page 22, Hogan said.

depletion

reduction in the number or quantity of something When you think about ~, think about a resource being decreased. ~ is usually not a good thing; we worry about the ~ of the ozone and the ~ of the soil. Have you ever run out of gas or money? Then you know what it's like to be in a state of ~. Your bank account is in a state of ~ if you've been taking a lot of money out of it. The world's oil reserves are moving closer to ~ as oil runs out. In any type of ~, something is running low or running out. We can't be sure of the exact reasons humans first migrated off of the African continent, but it was likely correlated with a depletion of resources (like food) in their regions and competition for those resources. It was their gutsiest win, because they overcame massive depletion of their roster via injury. Her areas of expertise include environmental science, urban planning, natural resource depletion, and land-use governance. "We were alarmed at the possibility that the continued release of CFCs into the atmosphere would cause a significant depletion of the Earth's stratospheric ozone layer," Dr. Molina wrote.

antiquarian

relating to or dealing in antiques or rare books; one who collects or studies objects of former times Something that's ~ is antique, and usually collectible. ~ books are used books that have some value because they're rare. If you go into the ~ business, you'll probably buy and sell old things — antique furniture, paintings, or coins, for example. An ~ book store has unusual and valuable editions of books for sale. An ~ is someone who specializes in, studies, or collects antiques. The word comes from the Latin antiquarius, "pertaining to antiquity." He was a coin and antiquarian book collector. The resulting photos are once hyper-modern and antiquarian, tying the past and present through technology. The most popular scenes were taken from classical mythology which, since they occur on sarcophagi and nowhere else, must possess symbolic significance, not just antiquarian interest. Indeed, the standard themes of July Fourths past — paeans to the wisdom of Washington, suggestions that his Revolutionary comrades were soldiers in God's own cause — now possess an antiquarian, almost alien air.

derivative

something that comes from another source; unoriginal در ریاضی: مشتق Alert: shifting parts of speech! As a noun, a ~ is kind of financial agreement or deal. As an adjective, though, ~ describes something that borrows heavily from something else that came before it. The economic meltdown of the last decade is due largely to the mismanagement of ~s, which are deals based on the outcome of other deals. A movie plot might be described as ~ if it steals from another film — say, if it lifts the tornado, the witch, and the dancing scarecrow from The Wizard of Oz. Is there no other way to make a significant contribution rather than being strongly influenced by past achievements? Is nothing really original? Is everything derivative? Shaw is more often than not a better than a capable performer, but this kind of overplaying seems endemic to "Kindred," a derivative, irritating thriller directed by Joe Marcantonio. The long, dark shadow of "Rosemary's Baby" dulls the effect of "Kindred," an artfully made but plainly derivative psychological thriller about an expectant mother who begins to suspect she's being manipulated by nefarious forces. Tencent said it would launch two new untitled derivative games, expanding the Honor of Kings world from multiplayer online battle arena into two more unspecified genres. They shouldn't be allowed to essentially self-regulate, as Boeing did in handling the FAA's job by approving the 737 MAX, or banks did with their toxic derivatives that helped bring on the Great Recession.

robust

strong and healthy; vigorous Use ~ to describe a person or thing that is healthy and strong, or strongly built. This adjective also commonly describes food or drink: a ~ wine has a rich, strong flavor. If your school has a ~ sports program, it means they offer lots of different kinds of sports and that a lot of kids participate. If you have a ~ speaking voice, it means you have a voice that's deep and loud and strong. ~ is from Latin robustus "of oak, hard, strong," from robur "oak tree, strength." Foreshadowing how a Biden government would handle the crisis, Biden called on the U.S. to hold robust talks aimed at a political settlement between the two countries. Quarterly results from consumer products giants Procter & Gamble Co and Reckitt Benkiser this week showed demand for cleaning products, detergents and soaps remained robust, helping the companies beat sales expectations and lift their annual forecasts. It is wonderful: small but concentrated, with a robust, unfussy handiwork that is rare in her art. However, there is no robust evidence this will work, or established method of measuring success.

heliocentric

sun-centered Anything that's ~ has a sun at its center. Since our solar system is ~, the Earth revolves around the sun (and not the other way around, as people in the Middle Ages believed). ~ has been used since the late 17th century — though Copernicus theorized that the planets revolve around the sun, rather than around the earth, in the early 1500s. Religious scholars objected strongly to this idea, and there was general resistance for over 100 years, until the science of a ~ model finally won out. The Greek roots of ~ are hēlios, "sun," and kentrikos, "pertaining to a center." Barbara Kiser's pick of the top five science books to read this week includes a heliocentric epic, the progress of nano-tools in biological and medical research, volcanic viniculture and cartoons on chemistry. Based on Polish mathematician Nicolaus Copernicus's model, this heliocentric description challenged the teaching that the Sun revolved around Earth. Most crucially, he reasoned that the heliocentric model of Earth orbiting the Sun, proposed by Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus 70 years earlier, is not actually incompatible with the Bible. Examples of the second case−radical novelty from old theories−are the heliocentric system and general relativity.

preternatural

supernatural; beyond the normal use of nature SYN: non-natural, otherworldly, transcendental, supernatural, uncanny, extraordinary ~ describes something that seems oddly abnormal and out of sync with everything else. If you hear a ~ dog's barking, maybe it sounds like a police siren instead of a howl. Note that ~ contains the word natural. Preter comes from the Latin word praeter which means "beyond"; so something ~ is beyond nature. It is less commonly used than unnatural or supernatural but means the same thing. If you lift a truck off the ground and hold it above your head, people will marvel at you and say you have ~ strength. This month, Fantano posted a video on Twitter that seemed to prove his point, showing a child reviewing a new album by the rapper 6ix9ine with a preternatural bluster obviously modeled on his own. She said it with a tone much like her mother's: not accusatory, but with a serenity that was almost preternatural. Washington glides through the film with charisma and preternatural smoothness but his character's inner life goes unexplored. The building itself evolves and reshapes, reacting to William's moods and preternatural state of grief, loneliness, and longing.

propulsion

the act of moving forward The act of moving something forward is called ~. ~ is the force that pushes a rocket into space, that sends a football spiraling toward a receiver's hands, and that moves a strongly kicking swimmer through the water. The noun propulsion came from the Latin prōpellere, "to push away." The modern meaning of propulsion meaning "the act of moving forward" was first recorded in 1799. In water, flippers, fins, and the wind can aid ~. In a general sense, if society is to move forward, we must stop using fossil fuels as our main means of ~. The new building of the Fraunhofer Center, which belongs to the Institute for Silicate Research ISC, is used for the development of high-temperature materials for energy, propulsion, and heat technology as well as aerospace technology.

interrogation

the act of questioning An ~ is a question or an intense questioning session. Police do ~s of suspects all the time. Have you ever heard someone say, "What is this? An ~?" People say that when they feel like they're being questioned a little too much. An ~ can mean a single question or a series of questions. Police stations usually have ~ rooms for questioning suspects. When someone is doing an ~, they're looking for answers, and it's usually about something very serious. Among Putin's first acts as president was to issue a decree granting immunity to the former president Boris Yeltsin from prosecution, interrogations, and searches of his property. The museum included interactive exhibits like a model of a chair used for interrogations and a re-creation of an officer's work space. During trial, Washington County Circuit Judge Rick Knapp didn't let prosecutors use statements from the first interrogation, but statements from the second interrogation were allowed. There were long interrogations, usually in the evening, and threats that if she did not confess she would be sent to sew army uniforms in prison.

espionage

the act of spying, especially a government spy obtaining secrets of another government It's no secret: ~ is the act of organized spying, usually with the goal of uncovering sensitive military or political information. If the government has relocated you to a foreign country, made you change your name, given you a fake mustache to wear, and instructed you to hide in a closet at the presidential palace and report back weekly on what you overhear, then you are engaging in ~. This noun is similar to snooping, but generally applies to much more serious situations, like when countries or businesses spy on each other to try to obtain top secret information. Trump seized on longstanding concerns about Chinese commercial espionage, the forced handover of technology, and state subsidies for Chinese companies. "There's a lot of curiosity and fascination around espionage items right now," he said. Soon after her detention, China arrested two Canadian citizens on espionage charges. He was arrested in August after an undercover operation in which prosecutors say he accepted thousands of dollars in cash in exchange for his past espionage activities.

mitigation

the action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something ~ is the act of lessening or easing the harshness of a punishment, a fine, or someone's pain. In the legal world, a lawyer might ask a judge for ~ of a particularly harsh sentence. ~ is the noun form of the verb mitigate, which means "to lessen in severity." After a natural disaster, the government might offer ~, in the form of aid, to ease people's suffering. If someone tries to make an offense seem less serious by offering an excuse, that's also ~. If you miss your curfew, you might state in ~ that you came home late because you were helping an old lady cross the street. Despite Cal's meticulous plan for mitigation — a plan based on the directives from state and local health officials — the contact tracing protocols resulted in an entire position group being placed under 14-day quarantine. Edy Susanto, a local disaster mitigation agency official, said about 300 people from two villages, mostly the elderly, pregnant women and children, were taken to emergency shelters in Central Java's Magelang district. Enforced mask orders, by contrast, increase compliance not only with masking but with other pandemic mitigation strategies like distancing and handwashing. The entire state is under "resurgence mitigations" because of troubling case, testing and hospitalization numbers.

quintessential

the most typical, ideal or important; embodying or possessing the essence of something; representing the most perfect or typical example of a quality or class If someone tells you you're the ~ rock musician, that means they think that everything about you screams "rock and roll." ~ means embodying or possessing the essence of something. Some people think that baseball is the ~ American sport. (Others might think it's stock car racing.) We also call something ~ if it's absolutely necessary. A ~ part of a lasting friendship is mutual respect. Good computer skills are ~ if you want to become the world's greatest hacker. Grid planning while carving out the quintessential courtyards is the strength of design. That is the quintessential example of pouring gas on the fire. That history is, of course, a quintessentially Latinx history, and the subject is immense. But this was quintessential Wilson finding a way late. That is a quintessential blueprint from the Southern Strategy.

ominously

threateningly ~ is a word to describe how something threatening appears. If you're golfing and dark gray clouds ominously appear, you'd better call it a day. Originating from the Latin word ominosus, meaning "full of foreboding," the adverb ~ indicates when an action is done in an ominous manner, possibly indicating danger or evil is in the future. You might want to reconsider that moonlit hike if a wolf ~ howls just as you are about to begin. If gigantic waves are ~ crashing into the shore, it would be wise to devote the day to building a sand castle rather than snorkeling. He described it ominously as a "foreign virus," blaming China and Europe. In a collision of two powerful forces shaping 2020, the virus was raging most ominously across political battlegrounds around the Great Lakes. His term culminated in racial justice protests, in Seattle and across the country, that he turned into a centerpiece of his campaign, warning ominously of chaos and disorder. Meanwhile, officials across the country are ominously preparing to counter violence on Election Day.

embed

to fix in a surrounding mass The verb ~ means to implant something or someone — like to ~ a stone into a garden pathway or to ~ a journalist in a military unit. When you stick something firmly within a particular environment, you are ~ding it. If you are an archeologist, you might spend a lot of your time looking for pottery shards ~ded in the earth. If you are a web site designer, you might ~ video clips on web pages. And if your newspaper is covering a war overseas, you might consider ~ding a journalist in a military troop in order to have a source reporting back from the front lines. Tha Band-Aids found in every medicine chest come in a variety of sizes, colors, with or without an antibacterial cream embedded, and even in liquid form. "It's a big statement from the UK government that we are absolutely embedded in Scotland," he said. She is one of two artists currently embedded with the city's Commission on Human Rights, which invested $220,000 in this campaign. Though this principle rests on a thin historical foundation, it is as deeply embedded in American legal doctrine as any principle. However, embedded within that statement is justice for those living through poverty, mental illness, and homelessness.

dissuade

to persuade not to do something When you ~ someone, you convince that person not to do something: "When Caroline saw Peter's broken leg, she tried to ~ him from going on the ski trip." Remember the meaning of ~ by comparing it to its more common relative persuade. The suade part that both words share has origins in the Latin root suadēre, meaning "to urge." In the case of persuade, the prefix per- means "thoroughly," intensifying "to urge" and giving persuade its meaning of "to convince." Think of ~ as the opposite of persuade: the prefix dis- reverses the action of the root, giving the meaning of not urging, in other words, convincing someone NOT to do something. The present election sabotage will not dissuade me from voting or caring deeply for our democratic process. The university declined to identify the houses with positive cases and is hoping to avoid sanctions so as not to dissuade people from sharing information about things like positive cases, Balta said. Hyperbolic outbursts may fire up the base but dissuade undecided voters. They tried to dissuade him, fearing unwanted attention it might bring.

pervasive

to spread throughout; widespread When something is ~, it's everywhere. Common things are ~ — like greed and cheap perfume. Ever notice how certain trends seem to spread all over the place? When something — like a hairstyle — is super-common, it's ~. ~ things can't be escaped. Playing video games is ~ among kids. Talking about the weather is ~ among adults. Ideas, diseases, habits, and all sorts of things can be ~. If you're sick of seeing something because you're seeing it again and again, it must be ~. In her clapback, Fox claimed Green is "so intoxicated with feeding the pervasive narrative that I'm an absent mother, and you are the perennial, eternally dedicated dad of the year." Almost three decades later, an Automotive News survey of nearly 900 women found that misogyny was pervasive in the U.S. auto industry. This weight bias—defined as negative attitudes toward people with a higher body weight—is both pervasive and pernicious. "There are still these pervasive myths about the kind of woman who deserves the protection of the law," Baroness Kennedy told the Guardian.

eke out

v. to add to with difficulty; to make just enough to continue To ~ is to get by with difficulty or a struggle. When you just ~ a living, you live from check to check, barely managing to pay all your bills. You'll often find ~ followed by "a living," or "an existence," describing the process of working hard for every bit of money. You can also use it to mean "squeeze out," or "win after a struggle," the way an underdog baseball team just barely ~ a win over its rival. And finally, you can make something last longer, or ~ it ~: "She'll ~ that chili for a whole week, I bet." Azerbaijan is sacrificing columns of fighters, Armenians say, to eke out small territorial gains in the treacherous terrain of Nagorno-Karabakh, an ethnic Armenian enclave that is part of Azerbaijan under international law. American literature reserves a corner for characters who've plotted escape: the passing novel, wherein Black people eke out a sad white life. It's 10 fewer chances to eke out a win that might put you atop the lousy NFC East, which is there for the taking. The 4-month-old cub couldn't eke out much more than a squeak when she was found by two firefighters with the U.S.

dash

- run or move very quickly or hastily; SYN: dart, flash, scoot, scud, shoot; buck, charge, shoot down, tear, sprint, bolt - hurl or thrust violently; destroy or break; SYN: break, smash, baffle, bilk, cross, foil, frustrate, queer, scotch, spoil, thwart - cause to lose courage; SYN: daunt, frighten away, frighten off, pall, scare, scare away, scare off - distinctive and stylish elegance; SYN: elan, flair, panache, style - a small amount of something that is added to something else - a punctuation mark (-) used between parts of a compound word or between the syllables of a word when the word is divided at the end of a line of text When you ~, you run a short distance very quickly. If you forget your lunch in the morning, you might try to ~ home, grab it, and ~ back to school. When your dog chases your cat, they ~ around the house — you can call this sprint itself a ~. You could say, "I won the 50-yard ~!" or "Our trip to the mall was just a mad ~ because we were late for the movie." When you use the punctuation mark known as a ~, you write a horizontal line ( — ) to mark a pause, a change, or an omitted word. خط تیره، فاصله میان دو حرف، پراکنده کردن، رابطه، حرارت بسرعت رفتن، بسرعت انجام دادن، بشدت زدن، خود نمایی کردن When Ken was 4, he contracted polio and was hospitalized for eight months, dashing dreams of one day playing soccer professionally. Heading into fall, it became apparent that it was time to toss some more vegetables into my meals — and that the generous dash of parsley that I stirred through my carbonara just wasn't enough. The stone paving, for instance, is black and white dashes on a tan ground, while the biggest stone in the Turnbull sculpture is scarred by hatched striations. That version of the story — of high ideals dashed by narrow-minded politicians and rigid ideologues — fits well with Anderson's starting and ending points of 1944 and 1956. Hope of a nonpartisan outcome was dashed when the one impartial commissioner resigned and was replaced by a Republican judge.

sterling

(adj.) genuine, excellent; made of silver of standard fineness ~ is British money, but it also describes anything of very high quality. A ~ report card has all A's, and ~ manners are needed for a visit with the Queen of England. ~ is a word for British currency, and although the jury is still out, the word ~ may be from the Middle English word for "star," sterre from the stars that appeared in the design of certain Norman (really old British) coins. ~ can still refer to money, but it also describes something great. A ~ reputation is a flawless, immaculate reputation. Thanks to the sterling performance by the Dodger bullpen in Tuesday's Game 6, from now on, Wed., And more fuel got poured on the idea that they weren't as good as their sterling record. Jude: Russ is still the favorite, but his three interceptions Sunday night — in prime time — certainly put a dent in what was a sterling resume through five games. "Time is of the essence ... Along with our British counterparts, we must find solutions to the most difficult areas," Barnier said, in comments that pushed sterling higher.

seafarer

a sailor/traveler on the sea He pretended he was a seafarer sailing in the ocean. When bold seafarers from Scandinavia and Western Europe sailed east and failed to fall off the edge of the earth, they discovered the fishing banks of the coast of Newfoundland and treasures in Mexico and opened the doors to modern-day travel.

longshoreman

a laborer who loads and unloads vessels in a port SYN: docker, dock worker His father ran a pub, was a longshoreman, and played semipro soccer. His mother was a homemaker. The groom, 34, is a longshoreman affiliated with the New York Shipping Association, which is based in Edison, N.J. A labor boss harasses a longshoreman and his fugitive white friend. Apple is obsessively cautious in maintaining its public image; Iovine, the son of a Brooklyn longshoreman, blurts profanities in a high-pitched rasp and is one of music's great hustler-salesmen. "Everybody knew him," says Reed, a retired longshoreman.

exclusive

not divided or shared with others; limited access ~ means with limited access. The only way you might get reservations at one of the most ~ restaurants in Los Angeles is to become friends with the maitre d', or become famous. By its nature, something that is ~ leaves people out, or excludes them. You would think this was a bad thing, since excluding people is not very nice, but by being ~, things like clubs, restaurants, and resorts become all the more desirable. ~ can also mean sole or only: The company became the ~ soda vendor at the new stadium. The local newspaper got an ~ interview and broke the news. With a competitive price tag and a conveyor belt of exclusive games, PlayStation took an early lead and sales kept rising. Originals and exclusives bring people in, and libraries retain subscribers. Looks like the premium podcast plan would be ad-free and some mix of exclusive extra content at price points somewhere between $3-$8. As an uncertain Wednesday dawned, Trump flags gently swayed from the balconies of tightly clustered homes on exclusive Lido Isle, where narrow streets were lined with Land Rovers, Porsches and BMWs.

grist

grain to be ground; something useful for something else When grain like wheat or oats is ground into flour, it's called ~. Maize or corn that's made into coarse ~ is called "grits." Grits. Yum. When grain is prepared for grinding, the ~ is separated from the chaff, or the thick seed covering. You may have heard the saying, "It's all ~ for the mill." What that basically means is that anything at all can be useful or profitable—or that someone can put a positive spin on anything. It comes from the idea that any grain at all is useful to a miller who grinds it into flour. Thus, we have the wheel, grist mills on local streams, and aspirin in tablet form. The disaffection was grist for his new band, who built a devoted following across their first three albums. Many of them took umbrage with Meena's tweet, sending tweets attacking her as well as using the incident as further grist for general broadsides against the Biden-Harris campaign. The immediate economic impact of the cancellation is grist for debate. The looting and property destruction that damaged more than 1,500 buildings and businesses across the Twin Cities and spread to other major metropolitan areas provided instant grist for Mr. Trump, Republicans and conservative media.

protrude

to stick out, thrust forth ~ means to stick out. A gravestone ~s from the ground, a shelf ~s from a wall, a lollipop stick ~s from your mouth. From the Latin prō- "forward, out" + trūdere "to thrust," ~ often describes coastlines where rocks stick out into the water. Prō- gives us protrusion "something that sticks out," and protuberance "something that grows out of something else"--a goiter, for example, or a nose. The office section with rooms for meetings and presentations on the ground floor protrudes beyond the sloping site and offers generous views across Bayreuth. The great arrow-shaft protruded from the ruined armor, his war gear. It works by gumming up the spike proteins that protrude from the viral surface, and which the virus uses to invade human cells. Its arched windows and protruding balconies still hint at lost grandeur. See how one side is longer than the other, and they're both pretty protruding?

indomitable

unconquerable, refusing to yield, unbeatable, resilient Something ~ can't be beat. People described as having ~ spirits don't need pep talks or protein shakes; their strength comes from within. The adjective ~ starts with the Latin prefix in, which means "not." The second part of the word is also from the Latin word domitare, meaning "to tame." So the word literally means "not able to be tamed." ~ is often teamed with the words spirit or personality to describe someone with a can-do attitude. He was an indomitable spirit, a great soul, an inspiration to dozens of audiences each year as he traveled to deliver motivational speeches. Wide receiver Julian Edelman, New England's resolute, usually indomitable presence, was seated next to him. "Kipo is kind of an indomitable spirit of joy, and it's important to see that now more than ever," said story editor Joanna Lewis. A monument to indomitable creativity, despite financial and emotional impoverishment.

endeavor

To attempt earnestly When you ~ to do something, you try hard to make it happen. A determined student might ~ to get straight As on her report card. "The ordinary objects of human ~ — property, outward success, luxury — have always seemed to me contemptible," wrote Albert Einstein. Presumably, NASA had loftier objects in mind when they named one of their space shuttles ~, using the British spelling. The word comes from the Old French phrase mettre en deveir, or "put in duty." As a verb, it's a more impressive word than try and suggests you're doing your darnedest to make something happen. In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without being strongly influenced by past achievements. There is a natural, sane impulse to believe that life in the Obama era, when Mitch McConnell proudly stymied every legislative endeavor, wasn't that bad compared to the existential mayhem of the last four years. She took the time to focus on social justice causes and other charitable endeavors but also got a chance to rest and watch as a fan. The organizations both recently lost its leaders to different endeavors. It's more like a hub of activity and a multihued umbrella for Waters' creative endeavors.

stench

a strong and very unpleasant smell SYN: fetor, foetor, malodor, malodour, mephitis, reek, stink When you pass a dump, you might hold your nose and say, "Oh, I can't handle the ~." A ~ is a bad smell. ~ can also be used metaphorically. If it is discovered that many members of a police force have been taking money from mob bosses so that they can continue their life of crime, a new chief may be brought in to remove the ~ of corruption from the office. In either sense, ~ is the kind of smell that takes work to get rid of. On the front line, the stench is overwhelming. The remains of fighters have been lying there for weeks. He opens with the unforgettable stench of an upscale seafood display case getting its once-every-two-months deep clean. Throughout a typical season, much of the work happens in the weight room — music blaring, spotters shouting, numbers growing, stenches permeating. As I pumped a few bucks into the tank, the RV dad emptied his family's waste while two young boys circled the dumping hole, oblivious to the stench. It's a sweltering summer in Porto Alegre, Brazil, made worse by the stench of uncollected garbage and the simmering frustrations of a bus strike.

swindle

to cheat someone out of money or property To ~ is to cheat or steal. You can ~ money, goods, ideas, and anything else that can be stolen, but be careful, because someone can also ~ you. In the late 1700s, the verb ~ formed from swindler, which means "giddy person, cheat." ~ can be a noun or a verb. When you get something by less than honest means, that's a ~. A successful act of ~ often involves some scheme or rigging of the system. Hollywood loves a good ~ — think of all the movies that show a bank robbery or people lying about who they are. Another funny word for ~ is bamboozle. To me, true trading philosophy isn't about trying to swindle the other team or winning it. The Con In the new episode "The Heiress Con," a woman claiming to be an Irish heiress swindles thousands of dollars from her friend. Archer was convicted in the same case for swindling investors and is awaiting sentencing. "It is possible that in some cases, the Holy See, apart from being badly advised, was also swindled," Guerrero said.

debut

A first public appearance A ~ is a first appearance, a launch, or public introduction. So before you make your big ~ at the office, check and make sure you don't have spinach in your teeth. Perhaps you've heard of debutantes making their official ~ into society, or actresses and actors making their ~ on stage. A fun fact: ~ and premiere are often thought to be interchangeable, but they're not. A ~, as you now know, is a first public appearance. But a premiere, while also a "first," isn't necessarily live. When a movie opens or an interview is broadcast for the first time, they're called premieres. Another partner, Sun Valley in Idaho, debuts more terrain this season — 380-plus acres on Bald Mountain. You get the sense from the 95-minute film, which debuted Tuesday on HBO, that the driven Lin-Manuel, who premiered his first Broadway musical, "In the Heights," at 28, is the more laid-back of the two. The defensive meltdown spoiled the debut of Hamilton, who is taking over for retired Bud Foster, the longtime architect of Virginia Tech's defense. Saturday's match was a home debut delayed seven months due to the coronavirus pandemic.

curator

a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection If you are the ~ of the school art show, you choose which pieces will be in it and decide how they will be displayed. A ~ is someone who manages an art collection or exhibit. The kind of artwork a ~ manages does not have to be the visual kind. You can curate a series of readings by selecting which authors read in it and who reads together. A ~ is the person who gives the overall shape and feel to an art exhibit. In law, if you are the ~ of someone's estate, you have been given legal power to manage it for someone who is too young or mentally unable to do it themselves. An open letter from some 100 artists, curators, dealers, and writers, later signed by more than 2,500, condemned the decision. The starting point for the curators there, the team learned, was basically their amusement at the goofball phrase "Jews in Space." They exchange ideas about how to help recruit more Black directors, to collect more Black artists, to cultivate more Black curators. It is not the responsibility of Black people to educate White people in how to do that work, and it should not be the responsibility of a Black curator to legitimize a potentially controversial show.

caustic

(adj.) able to burn or eat away by chemical action, corrosive; biting, sarcastic, harshly critical, scathing Use the adjective ~ to describe any chemical that is able to burn living tissue or other substances, or, figuratively, a statement that has a similarly burning effect. ~ in this sense means harshly critical. In the chemical sense, a near synonym is corrosive. In the figurative sense, near synonyms are biting, scathing, and sarcastic. The source of the word ~ is Latin causticus, from Greek kaustikos, from kaiein "to burn." Though some today might complain about his method, I was charmed by how he voiced his dissent — no angry email or caustic tweet. Others were less caustic, but they still refused. Last week, Trump advisers tried gently suggesting, as they prepared him for his NBC town hall event with Savannah Guthrie, that he needed to be more controlled and less caustic than in the first debate. Videos of students' speeches and caustic political memes also appeared online.

sham

Something fake or false SYN: fake, postiche quack, faker, fraud, imposter, impostor, pretender, pseud, pseudo, role player, shammer assumed, false, fictitious, fictive, pretended, put on counterfeit, imitative feign, simulate A ~ is a fake. If you frequently order products advertised on late-night, hour-long television commercials, you've probably ended up with at least one item that was a ~. All-purpose, industrial strength stain remover, anyone? ~ can be used to refer to people as well as to things. Remember that doctor from the late-night TV commercial advertising UltraMiracleCure vitamin pills? He's probably a ~, or a quack. Some sources claim that the word ~ originated in the 17th century and was derived from the English word shame, but who knows? Maybe that theory's a ~ too. "Yes Judge, I think this hearing is a sham. I think it shows real messed-up priorities from the Republican Party," Klobuchar said. And the speaker of the House proposed all sorts of shenanigans to prevent the president from fulfilling his constitutional role of nominating Supreme Court justices - from packing the court to holding sham impeachment proceedings. Prosecutors say Dameris agreed in 2015 to funnel the money through a sham charity set up by Rick Singer, the alleged ringleader of the scheme.

decimate

to kill or destroy a large part of If something is drastically reduced or killed, especially in number, you can say it was ~d. "The oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico ~d the wildlife along the coast." The verb ~ originally referred to a form of capital punishment for Roman troops. If there was a rebellion, one out of every ten men (thus the dec in ~) was put to death. So the word's first expanded usage was to mean a ten percent reduction or a ten percent tax. Modern usage gives the word ~ its "drastically reduced" meaning, but the verb can also be used to mean "to wipe out" or "to eliminate." In Turkey, rescue workers in the city of Izmir were concentrating their search for survivors in the decimated remains of at least eight buildings, according to the disaster management agency. If the hornets gain a foothold in North America, researchers are worried that they will decimate honey bee populations and hamper their vital crop-pollinating work. His front porch overlooks several blocks of their decimated homes. Verdict: Yes, when your major industries are decimated by a plague, it tends to hurt the local economy.

keep at bay

to prevent something or someone unpleasant from coming too near you or harming you; to control something and prevent it from causing you problems Early humans discovered fire and realized they could use it to cook their food, warm their cave, and keep predators at bay. During my college years, the only things I had to keep hunger at bay were beans, rice, and plain pasta. You have to start meeting your minimum monthly repayments if you want to keep your creditors at bay. These tree frogs have a powerful poison on their backs that helps keep predators at bay.

negate

(v.) to nullify, bring to nothing, to cancel the effect of, to cancel out, deny the truth of, prove negative, show to be false, be in contradiction of If something neutralizes the effect of something else, then you can say the effect is ~d. Hanging a disco ball from your living room ceiling ~s the sleek modern effect created by the contemporary furniture. If something is proved false or untrue, it has been ~d. The discovery of one dinosaur jaw ~d the conventional wisdom that all dinosaurs were vegetarians, since the tooth structure proved that guy definitely ate meat. The verb ~ can also mean to counteract or counterbalance — so a really strong serve can ~ your other weaknesses on the tennis court. it is like the word negative Later studies seem to negate his findings. That doesn't negate the fact that something is certainly going on. Mimi Rocha, a former assistant US attorney in the southern district of New York, decried the memo, saying it "negates DoJ policy re not getting involved til after election certified. Not good." That doesn't negate the work that kept your relationship with them tolerable through your twenties—it just means that there's more healing still to do. Different interpretations of a fossil do not negate the discomfiting evidence for the antiquity of human ancestors.

extrapolate

Conjecture about an unknown by projecting information about something known; predict by projecting past experience When you ~, you use specific details to make a general conclusion. For example, if you travel to Canada and encounter only friendly, kind natives, you might ~ that all Canadians are friendly. The verb ~ can mean "to predict future outcomes based on known facts." For example, looking at your current grade report for math and how you are doing in class now, you could ~ that you'll likely earn a solid B for the year. Another meaning of ~ is "estimate the value of." You could extrapolate how much your antique watch is worth by finding how much similar watches sold for at recent auctions. Typically, a poll surveys hundreds of or a few thousand people and then extrapolates their answers to represent the broader population. That should help scientists extrapolate from the little crime-scene shards left in sharks to the full swordfish that did the deed. This meant understanding the interlocking aspects of the island's geography, nature, and inhabitants, often extrapolating ideas from an incomplete historical record. "But there's a lot of factors you can't extrapolate into a poll that are absolutely significantly in play in Pennsylvania."

kiln

an oven used for making pottery A ~ is a special kind of oven for firing things like pottery and bricks. A ceramic artist might use a ~ once a week to fire the bowls he's made from clay. Some ~s look more like furnaces than ovens, and they reach temperatures far beyond regular household ovens. Electricity is used to power many modern ~s, while others use older techniques of burning wood or even coal. Making mugs and bowls is the primary use of ~s, but there are some that dry lumber, tobacco leaves, or hops as well. The Old English word was cyln, from the Latin root culina, "kitchen or cooking stove." The twisted brick wall forms the reception backdrop and it drew inspiration from a visit to a local brick kiln in Hanoi. Some pieces were fired in the kiln four times because of all the detail. Poet Anna Seward wrote these lines in 1785, after seeing the forges, furnaces and lime kilns of Coalbrookdale in England — the cradle of the Industrial Revolution. "Sometimes you open the kiln and it's like Christmas morning. Sometimes it's like Halloween." Most mammals emerge from the womb like glazed earthenware emerging from a kiln—any attempt at remoulding will only scratch or break them.

Satire

the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues. ~ is a way of making fun of people by using silly or exaggerated language. Politicians are easy targets for satire, especially when they're acting self-righteous or hypocritical. Even though the ridiculous language of ~ isn't intended to be taken seriously, well-made ~ can use mockery to get at more serious truths. Sometimes ~ can even overtake reality: when the television sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live presented a mock debate between Al Gore and George W. Bush during the 2000 presidential campaign season, the ~ was so dead-on that it influenced the way people thought of the candidates. A Berlin police spokesman said authorities were looking into whether the Macron flogging stunt amounted to incitement to commit violence or whether it was satire. The show uses satire and parody to tell the story of England's royal family through Prince George's eyes. But just imagine if there was no satire. Which is, after all, the point of satire — to bring us to the realization that we are, at least in some way, part of the situation or attitudes being satirized.

slat

thin strip of wood A ~ is a strip of wood or other thin material. The blinds that cover your windows are made up of ~. The horizontal ~s in Persian or Venetian blinds are often made of plastic, fabric, or metal, and they can be adjusted to let light in or shut it out completely. Some wooden fences are made of ~s as well, and bed frames often have ~s that support the mattress placed on top of them. ~ was originally sclat, from the Old French esclat, "split, chip, or piece." Wrap-around terraces topped with slatted eaves extend the living space outward on the main level, where decking surrounds a zero-edge pool and spa. There's also no way to open or close the slats without the remote, app, or voice controls. Instead, the president spent billions of dollars of taxpayer money to replace about 300 miles of existing barriers with a hulking wall built of steel slats. I leave a bag on the fence slats, so we maintain distance.

stigmatize

to brand or mark as in some way discreditable, disgraceful, or ignominious If you ~ someone, you have given that person a label — and it's usually a label that is limiting in some way. In Ancient Greece, a stigma was a brand burned into a slave or a criminal's skin to symbolize disgrace. In the 1500s, the word ~ meant literally "to brand or tattoo." Nowadays, to ~ is to shame or brand a person in a more symbolic way. Hodges, saying it stigmatized people of faith who objected to same-sex marriage. For those voters, a bad loss at best will stigmatize the man, not the inchoate populism he harnessed. Macron conceded in a speech that France bears full responsibility for the "ghettoization" of Muslims in housing projects but insists the planned law is not about stigmatizing Muslims. His critics do not disagree, saying he welcomed racism and xenophobia into the open and stigmatized outsiders to create a new, angry American identity.