Growing Family Unit 7 & 8

What immunizations are recommended for ages 4-6 years?

1.DtaP 2. MMR 3. IPV

A baby is born, what interventions would the RN take before the newborn is taken to the nursery?

1.Maintain airway patency (suctioning & positioning) 2. Ensure proper identification (ID bands & foot prints) 3. Administer meds (vita.K & erythormycin eye drops) 4. Maintain thermoregulation (quickly dry, place on prewarmed bed, cap on head, double wrap)

The RBC's of a newborn have a life span of 80 to __days?

100

What is normal heart rate of a newborn?

100-160

At what age does a child walk while holding on to something, has a neat pincer grasp, & is able to put objects into a container ?

11 months

How many hours of sleep do preschoolers (3-6) require?

12 hours of sleep per night -some may still need a nap

At what age does a child sit down from a standing position without assistance & can build a two-block tower without assistance?

12 months

By what age should a child be able to walk without help & creep up stairs, uses a cup well?

15 months

What age can a child throw a ball overhand & assume standing position, turn pages 2-3 pages at a times, & manage a spoon?

18 months

What age does the anterior fontanel close by?

18 months

What reflexes should an infant still have that started at birth by 5 months old?

2 (Babinski birth-1 year) (Plantar grasp-infants toes curl downward:birth-8 mon)

Rear facing car seats should be used until what age?

2 or the height recommended by manufacturer

What are the sleep-wake states of a newborn?

2 sleep states- deep (rem) (doesnt react to stimuli) & light (may react to some stimuli) 4 awake states- drowsy (react to stimuli- may have some sucking or rooting reflex), quiet alert (minimal/low activity-very happy), active alert (intense activity- looking around), & crying (inconsolable)

what is expected weight for a newborn?

2,500-4,500 G (5lbs-8.14oz)

When does the second period of reactivity occur? what does the baby do?

2-8 hrs newborn awakens & shows an interest in stimuli (good time to feed)

At what age should a child be able to draw circles with good finger hand coordination, jump in place w/both feet, & be able to stand on one foot?

2.5 years old

How many hours of sleep does a newborn require?

20-22 hours a day

When is gender identity developed?

3 years

When should you expect the nocturnal sleep pattern to be established?

3-4 months old -infants sleep 14-15 hr daily & 9-11 hrs at night around the age of 4 months * By *1 year* sleep through the night with 1-2 naps during the day

What is the expected chest circumference of a newborn?

30-33 cm

What are normal respiratory rates of a newborn

30-60 (irregular & shallow)

what is the expected head circumference of a newborn?

32-36.8 cm

sucking reflex is developed when?

34-35 weeks gestation

What is a expected temp for a newborn?

36.5C-37.5C (97.7F-98.9) axillary

At what age will infants start putting objects in their mouth?

4 months

When does separation anxiety occur?

4-8 months *kids will separate themselves as individuals in the first year, and then will develop object permanence

What is the expected length of a newborn?

45-55 cm

At what age to children start to compare themselves to their peers?

5 years

What is a stable glucose level?

50-80 (hypoglycemic <40)

At what age can an infant hold a bottle independently?

6 months

How many teeth should a kid have by 1 year?

6-8

When does stranger fear occur, when an infant does not want to be taken by others?

6-8 months

What is a expected blood pressure for a newborn?

60-80 systolic and 40-50 diastolic

What immunizations are recommended for ages 3-6 years?

Flu (TIV) or live (LAIV)

What is postmature?

born after completion of 42 weeks, with placental insufficiency

What is considered preterm or premature?

born prior to the completion of 37 weeks

What are the language changes in 1-3 years?

by age 2 should have 300 words -1 year: one word sentences or holophrases -2 years: multiword sentences by combining 2-3 words -3 years: combine several words to create simple sentences using grammatical rules

what is the startle reflex?

clamping hands or loud noise and the newborn will abduct arms at elbows and the hands will remain unclenched

The transfer of heat from one object to another when the two are in direct contact with each other is called what?

condunction

What fine motor skills do preschoolers (1-3) have?

copying figures on paper & dressing independently

Conduction is heat loss from what?

direct contact with cold surface

Texture of a newborns skin should be ?

dry, soft, smooth, good hydration, cracks in hands and feet may be present. *desquamation (peeling) occurs a few days after birth in full term newborns

What is the tonic neck reflex?

extends arm & leg on the side when head is turned to that side with flexion of arm and leg of the opposite side.

Crackles or wheezing in a newborn are signs of what?

fluid or infection

Where is the stethescope placed when assessing apical pulse on a newborn?

fourth or fifth intercostal space at the left midclavicular line over the apex of the newborn heart

What type of stools would be seen with a formula fed newborn?

green, pale, soft formed, bad odor, every day or every other day

Radiation heat loss occurs from what?

heat radiates off baby caused by indirect object (window or wall)

What immunization is given at birth?

hep B

What is the stepping reflex?

hold the feet upright with feet touching a flat surface and the newborn will respond with stepping motions

What immunizations does a 12-36 month old need?

inactivated: Flu (TIV) or live nasal spray (LAIV at age 2)

Fontanels should be soft and flat, what do bulging fontenels indicate?

increased intracranial pressure, infection, hemorrhage

unconjugated bilirubin =

indirect bilirubin (toxic)

What are expected stools of breast fed newborns?

yellow/gold, sour smelling (vinegar), seedy, sometimes watery (once stool per day or @ every feeding)

In girls, sexual maturation occurs in what order?

1. Breast development 2. Pubic hair growth (some may get it before breast) 3. axillary hair growth 4. menstruation

What immunizations are given at 4 months?

1. DTaP 2. RV 3. IPV 4. Hib 5. PCV

What immunizations are given at 2 months?

1. DTaP 2. RV 3. IPV 4. Hib 5. PCV 6. Hep B

What immunizations are given at 6 months old?

1. DTaP 2. RV 3. IPV (6-18 months) 4. Hib 5. PCV 6. Hep B (6-12 months)

What immunizations are given at 6-12 months?

1. Flu (TIV) -hep B if they havent gotten it at the 6 month injections

What are the 5 things apgar is measuring?

1. HR 2. RR 3. Muscle tone 4. Reflex 5. Color

What immunizations does a 12-15 month old need?

1. IPV (third dose between 6-18 months 2. Hib 3. PCV 4. MMR 5. Varicella

In boys, sexual maturation occurs in what order?

1. Testicular enlargement 2. pubic hair growth 3. facial hair growth 4. vocal changes

What nutritional supplements are recommended by the age of 6 months?

1. Vit. D supplements started within the first few days of life 2. Iron supplements for infants who are breast fed exclusively after 4 months old 3. No juice or water not needed until after 4 months old 4. after the age of 6 months, 100% fruit juice can be given *limit to 4-6 oz*

What reflexes stop by 4 months?

1. sucking & rooting 2. moro-30' C shaped 3. startle- arm jump up, fists clenched 4. tonic neck- turns head to one side & extends to turned side & flex on unturned side (3-4 months)

What is normal specific gravity of a newborn?

1.001-1.020 (limited ability to concentrate urine for the first 3 months)

What is Eriksons stage from birth- 1 year?

*Erikson -1* Trust vs. Mistrust -begins to learn delayed gratification -trust is developed by meeting comfort, feeding, & caring needs

What psychosocial development (Erikson) occurs for the school age children (6-12)?

*Erikson- 6-12: Industry vs Inferiority* -accomplishment is gained through abilities to cooperate & compete w/others, contribution to society -children should be challenged w/tasks that need to be accomplished, & be allowed to work through individual differences in order to complete tasks. -reward system

What piaget stage is from birth-24 months?

*sensorimotor* 1.simple repetition 2. immitation 3. seperation of themselves from objects, 4. object permanence (object still exsists when out of view- 9 month) 5. symbol recognition

Solid foods are introduced from 4-6 months old, when the child starts to show interest. What are the solid food guidelines?

-Iron-fortified cereal is typically introduced first -New food should be introduced one at a time, over a 4-7 day period to monitor for allergies -vegetables & fruit started between *6-8 months*, after both have been given then you may incorporate meats -citrus fruits, meats & eggs are not started until *after 6 months old* -unseasoned table food : ripe bananas, toast, graham crackers, cheese cubes, peeled chunks of apples, pears, or peaches given at *9 months**

By 2 years old what gross & fine motor skills are expected?

-Walks up & down stairs placing both feet on each step -builds towers of 6-7 blocks

What is the moral development with late school aged kids?

-able to judge the intentions of an act rather than its consquence -understands different points of view rather than just right or wrong -conceptualizes treating others as they like to be treated

what language development occurs from 1 month-1 year?

-cooing & laughing -single syllable words -begins speaking two & three-word phrases - says 3-5 words & comprehends meaning of "no" by 1 year

What are s/s of respiratory distress?

-cyanosis -nasal flaring -tachypnea -expiratory grunting -sternal retractions

What is the moral development with early school aged kids?

-do not understand rules & expectations of behaviors -believe what they think is wrong, and what others tell them is right -judgement is guided by rewards & punishment -sometimes interpret accidents as punishment

What gross motor skills does a 5 year old have?

-jumps rope -walks backward with heel to toe -throws & catches a ball w/ease

What screenings in an infant are required within the first 24-48 hours? What immunizations would be required?

-metabolic & hearing screening (if infant was jaundice, bilirubin level would also be needed) -Hep.B immunization

What are normal physical deviations to skin?

-milia -mongolian spots -telangiectatic nevi (stork bites) -nevus flammeus (port wine stains) -erythema toxicum (erythema neonatorium)-pink rash

What gross motor skills does a 3 year old have?

-rides a tricycle -jumps off bottom step -stands on one foot for a FEW seconds

What gross motor skills does a 4 year old have?

-skips & hops on one foot -throws a ball overhead

How many calories do preschoolers consume?

1,800kcal

What age are the head & chest circumference be equal?

1-2 years of age

At what age should an infant be able to bear full weight on feet?

7 months

At what age should a child sit independently, & begins to show the pincer grasp?

8 months old

At what age should the child pull them self to a standing position , creep on knees & hands instead of crawling, & have a crude pincer grasp?

9 months

What is a low birth weight

< 2,500g

What is a very low birth rate?

<1,500g

What is brown fat? What happens if it is depleted?

A highly vascular fat only babies have, that is oxidized when baby is cold. - if depleted there is an increased risk for cold stress & its complications b/c of less insulation

preschoolers (3-6) bodies evolve away from the unsteady wides stances & protruding abdomen of toddlers, into what?

A more graceful, posturally erect, & sturdy physicality

What immunizations should the RN advise a 4-6 year old to get? Select all A. DtaP B. IPV C. MMR D. PCV E. Hib

A. B. C NOT- PCV & Hib are both given as a series within the first 15 months of life

what immunizations should an RN recommend for ages 11-12? select all A. TIV B. PCV C. MCV4 D. Tdap E. RV

A. C. D. Not--B. PCV is series within the first 15 months of life E. RV is a series within the first 6 months of life

A nurse is performing a development screening on a 10 month old. Which of the following fine motor skills should the infant be able to perform? (select all) A. Grasp a rattle by the handle B. Try building two-block tower C. Use a crude pincer grasp D. Place objects into a container E. Move objects from hand to hand

A. C. E Not correct- -B. two block towers is at 12 months -D. placing objects into a container is 11 months

A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of a toddler. Which of the following should the nurse include? (select all) A. Develop food habits that will prevent dental caries B. Meet caloric needs resulting in an increased appetite C. Expression of bedtime fears is common D. Behaviors associated with negativism & ritualism E. importance of annual screening of phenylketonuria

A.C.D. Not--- B. toddlers often experience anorexia & become fussy eaters because of decreased appetite E. Screening for phenylketonuria occurs in the newborn, not toddler

Hypercapnia, hypoxia, & ___ resulting from normal labor become the stimuli for initiating respirations in the newborn.

Acidosis

A nurse is conducting a well visit for a 4 month old. Which of the following immunization should the nurse administer? Select All A. MMR B. IPV C. PCV D. varicella E. RV

B. C. E. Not correct--- A. MMR is given between 12-15 months D. The first varicella is given at a Minimum of 12 mon.

A nurse is performing a developmental screening for an 18 month old, which of the followings should be expected for the toddler to perform? Select all A. Build a tower w.6-7 blocks B. Throw a ball overhand C. Walk up & down the stairs D. Draw circles E. use a spoon w/out rotation

B. E. --Not-- A. the toddler should build a tower w/ 6-7 blocks at 2 C. should be able to walk up & down the stairs by placing both feet on each step by 2 D. Drawing circles is age 2.5

A nurse is assessing a 6 month old, which reflex should the infant exhibit? A. Moro B. Plantar grasp C. Stepping D. Tonic neck

B. Plantar grasp should be seen up until 8 months old

A nurse is assessing a 2.5 year old. Which of the following should the nurse report to the provider? A. Height increase by 7.5 cm (3 in) in the past year B. Head circumference exceeds the chest circumference C. Anterior & posterior fontanels closed D. current weight equals four times the birth weight

B.chest & head circumference should be equal by 1-2 years Not= A. that should be expected C. posterior fontanel closes by 6-8 weeks, anterior closes by 12-18 months D. that is expected

What test is used to determine an infants gestational age?

Ballards assessment

A nurse is caring for a preschool age child who says she needs to leave the hospital because her doll is scared to be home alone, which of the following characteristics of preoperational thought is the child exhibiting? A. Egocentrism B. Centration C. Animism D. Magical thinking

C.

A nurse is assessing a 12 month old. Which of the following finding should the nurse report to the provider? A. Closed anterior fontanel B. Eruption of 6 teeth C. Birth weight doubled D.Birth length increased by 50%

C. by 12 months, infants weight should have tripled

A nurse is checking the vitals of a 3 year old, which should she report to the provider? A. Temp, 37.2 b. pulse 114 c Resp 30 d. Bp 88/54

C. respirations, they are above the expected range of a 3 year old

A baby has developed diffuse swelling & bruising on the occiput of his head from the vacuum extractor use. How would you differentiate cephalhematoma formation & caput succedaneum development? which one is more serious?

Caput succedaneum- localized edema that crosses suture lines (bruising maybe present but will resolve on its own after 3 days) -Cephalhematoma is localized bleeding under the periosteum (bone) of skull. (usually appears raised swelling w/out bruising & does NOT cross suture line) appears usually after 2 day of birth takes weeks/months to fully resolve- of greatest concern is the breakdown of RBC's that can lead to jaundice

A nurse is providing education on dental care & teething for a 9 month old. What is the best thing for the parents to do?

Clean baby's teeth with a cool, wet wash cloth

How much milk should toddlers consume? When should they switch from whole milk to low-fat milk?

Consume 24-30 oz of milk/day after the age of 2 may switch from whole milk to low-fat

A nurse is assessing a child's ears, which of the following is an expected outcome? a. light reflex is located at the 2 O'clock position B. tympanic membrane is red in color C. bony landmarks are not visable D. cerumen is present bilaterally

D. correct, cerumen should be in expected Not- A. light reflex should be located 5 or 7 O'clock position B. tympanic membrane should be pearly pink, gray C. Bony land marks SHOULD be visable

Conjugated bilirubin =

DIRECT bilirubin (excreted in fetus)

What immunizations does a 15-18 month old need?

DTaP

What is the Erikson psychosocial development for toddlers (1-3)?

Erikson 1-3 Autonomy versus shame & doubt -independence -negativism -maintaining a routine or ritualism is important

What pychosocial development (Erikson) occurs for preschoolers (3-6)?

Erikson- 3-6 Initiative Vs guilt -guilt when they misbehave, or cant accomplish a task -guiding preschoolers to attempt activities within their capabilities while setting limits is appropriate

What psychosocial development (erikson) stage occurs in adolescents (12-20)?

Erikson: 12-20 Role vs role confusion -personal & group identity

Why do newborns become jaundice?

Failure of liver cells to break down & excrete bilirubin, which causes an increase in the bloodstream leading to jaundice

At 30 months, toddlers should weigh ____ times then their birth weight?

Four times their birth weight

Describe what a head to toe assessment would be for an infant born @ 37 weeks.

Head: soft, flat fontanels: no edema, redness, or abrasions; sutures approximate Eyes: PERRLA, no drainage, sclera white Ears: recoil, no skin tags or drainage, reacts to sounds, symmetrical, no low-set Mouth: pink & moist, palate intact Skin: overall pink, moist, & dry; no rash or abrasions Abdomen: soft & nondisteneded, w/active bowel sds Cord: moist & drying, clamp on Lung sounds: equal & clear Heart sounds: regular no murmur Pulses (brachial & femoral): strong & equal Moves extremities x4 Genitials: normal voiding & stooling Sucking, moro, plantar, & babinski present ID bands on arm & leg alert, feed q2-4 hrs vital signs normal

How much height & weight should a preschooler (3-6) gain?

Height- increase 6.5cm- 9cm (2.6-3.5 inches) per year Weight- gain 2-3 kg (4.4-6.6lbs) per year

How much do BOYS grow during adolescents (ages 12-20)?

Height: gain 10-30 cm (4-12 inches) Weight: gain 7- 30 kg (15.5-66 lbs) * boys stop growing around 18-20 years

How much weight & height should a school age child (6-12) grow by?

Height: gain 5 cm (2 inches) per year Weight: gain 2-3 kg (4.4-6.6lbs) per year

How much do girls grow during adolescents (ages 12-20)?

Height: gain 5-20 cm (2-8 in) Weight: gain 7-25 kg (15.5-55lbs) *girls stop growing 2-2.5 years after the onset of menarche

What immunizations does a 12- 23 month old need?

Hep A, given in 2 doses at least 6 months apart

When auscultating the newborn's heart, the nurse would place the stethoscope at which area to auscultate the point of maximal impulse?

Lateral to the midclavicular line at the fourth intercostal space A displaced PMI may indicate a tension pneumothorax or cardiomegaly.

What is the role of surfactant?

Lipoprotein that decreases surface tension of lungs & keeps them open (prostaglandins prevents alveolis from collapsing) *if all the fluid is not removed from lungs surfactant production will be effected (can give supp. surfactant)

What are the carbohydrate concerns of newborns?

Low reserve (b/c mostly used up for energy) -risk for hypoglycemia (<40) *normal serum glucose 50-80*

_____ is thick, tarry, sticky, dark green stool passed within the first 48 hours of life?

Meconium

What cognitive development (paiget) stage occurs for the school aged (6-12)?

Piaget 6-12- Concrete operational -from perceptual to conceptual thinking -masters the concept of conservation (mass first, followed by weight, then volume) -learns to tell time -problem solves -able to see others perspective

What is the cognitive development stage (Piaget) for adolescents (12-20)?

Piaget- 12-20: Formal Operations -able to think through more than two categories -evaluate quality of their own thinking -highly imaginative & idealistic -logical thinking increases

The ______period is defined as the first 28 days of life?

Neonatal

umbilical cord should have how many veins/arteries?

One vein 2 arteries

what is the pulse rate for newborns, 2-10 years, & for 10+ years?

PULSE newborn 80-180 2-10 yrs 60-110 10yrs & older 50-90

During 19-24 months the cognitive development theory of Piaget transitons from sensorimotor to preoperational stage. What occurs during the preoperational stage?

Piaget- preoperational 19-24mon -object permanence fully developed -memories of events -domestic mimicry (playing house) *does not allow toddlers to understand other viewpoints, but it does allow them to symbolize objects & people to imitate previously seen activities

The abdomen of a newborn typically appears _____ without appearing distended.

Protuberant (round)

What is a physiologic jaudice risk factor?

Race & breastfeeding

During preschool age (3-6) what is common during stress, insecurity, or illness?

Regression to previous immature behaviors (nose picking, thumb sucking, bedwetting)

What is transient tachypnea of the newborn & why might it occur?

Resp. rate above 60, occurs when amniotic fluid in the lungs is either removed to slow or not enough so respiratory effort decreases causing transient tachypnea

What are respirations for newborn-1 year, 1-2 yrs, 2-6 yrs, 6-12, & 12 and over?

Respirations 1. Newborn- 1 yr: 30-35 2. 1-2 yrs: 25-30 3. 2-6 yrs: 21-25 4. 6-12 yrs: 19-21 5. 12 & up: 16-19

Vital signs of a newborn are checked in what sequence?

Respirations, HR, blood pressure, and temp (so the newborn doesnt become agitated with more ivasive like temp, BP)

What is a pathologic jaundice risk factor?

Rh factor

The nurse is preparing to apply a thermistor probe to a newborn to monitor the newborn's temperature. At which location would the nurse most likely apply the probe?

Right upper abdominal quadrant Explanation: A thermistor probe is taped to the newborn's abdomen, usually in the right upper quadrant. This allows for position changes without having to readjust the probe.

What age group does permanent teeth erupt, immune system improves, & bones continue to ossify?

School age 6-12 years

How is apgar scored? (table)

Scored from 0-1-2 1. Heart rate- absent (0), less than 100 (1), greater than 100 (2) 2. Resp. Rate- absent (0), slow weak cry (1), good cry (2) 3. Muscle tone- flaccid (0), some flexion (1), well flexed (2) 4. Reflex irritability- none (0), grimace (1), cry (2) 5. Color- blue pale (0), pink body blue extremities (acrocyanosis)(1), completely pink (2)

What type of play to toddlers (1-3) engage in ?

Solitary or parallel play, observing others & may engage in activities nearby

What is the babinskis reflex?

Stroking the outer edge of the sole of foot and the toes will fan upward and out

Clotting factors are synthesized by vitamin K, how long does it take before an infant produces vitamin K? what do you do?

Takes 7-10 days before body produces vit. K -vitamin K injection given (no consent needed, parents can deny) -5/8 25g in vastis lateralis

When instructing a new mom on providing skin care to her newborn, which of the following should NOT be included in the teaching?

Use talc powders to prevent diaper rash.

When does the first void of a newborn occur?

within first 24 hours *should have 6-8 voids per day

What is lanugo?

The fine downy hair - amounts vary found on pinnas, forehead, and shoulders

the balance between heat loss & heat production is what?

Thermoregulation

When assessing the umbilical cord of a newborn, which of the following would the nurse expect to find?

Two arteries and one vein Explanation: The normal umbilical cord contains three vessels: two arteries and one vein.

Convection heat loss occurs from what?

air on baby

What type of play do preschoolers engage in?

associative play, not very organized but cooperation between children exsists. Appropriate activities: puzzles, ball, tricycles, dress up or pretend, role playing, simple sewing, or painting

How much sleep do toddlers (1-3) usually require? How many naps?

average 11-12 hours of sleep including one nap -naps are often eliminated in older toddlers

What is a term birth?

birth between the beginning of 38 weeks and end of 42 weeks

What is posterm (postdate)

born after completion of 42 weeks

What discharge instructions would be pertinent to the family with a newborn?

instructions on: breast feeding, circumsion care, follow up infant care, diapering, temperature, bathing, bulb syringe use, sleeping positions, s/s for which they should call the Dr. & s/s of jaundice.

What is the New Ballard scale?

newborn maturity rating scale that assesses neuromuscular & physical maturity (score of 35 indicates 38 weeks gestation)

Why are newborns unable to digest fats, complex carbs & proteins?

no normal flora

What is Apgar scoring?

physical exam done immediately following birth to rule out abnormalities -completed at 1 & 5 min of life 7-10 score indicates no distress 4-6 moderate distress 0-3 severe distress

What is the palmar grasp?

place an object in newborns palm & they will grasp the object

The ____ fonantel is triangular

posterior

What is vernix caseosa?

protective, thick, cheesy covering. Amounts vary with more present in creases or skin folds

What is the capacity of a newborns stomach?

size of a pea, 1-2 days grape or walnut & will get bigger everyday

On external assessment what is the nurse assessing for?

skin color, peeling, birthmarks, foot creases, breast tissue, nasal patency, meconium staining

The cardiac sphincter & nervous control system of a newborn is immature, what does this increase the risk for?

spit up & regurgitation

what reflex goes away by 4 weeks of age?

stepping reflex

What is the moro reflex?

strike the surface the newborn is laying on, arms & legs symmetrically extend and then abduct while fingers spread to form a "C"

How do you check sucking & rooting reflex?

stroke cheek or edge of mouth , newborn will turn head towards the side thats touched and starts to suck.

When the baby is 6 hours old, you notice it has become jittery & cyanotic. You heel stick & blood glucose level is 30. What interventions would be applied?

this baby probably developed hypoglycemia as a result of mothers gestational diabetes. -feed baby glucose water or IV glucose, & prevent this from happening by closely monitor feedings to make sure baby is getting adequate amounts.

when does the period of decreased responsiveness occur?

this is the time where the baby deep sleeps (30 min-120 min)

When should flossing & brushing be performed?

toddlers (1-3) , performed by caregiver

What is plantar grasp?

touching the sole of the foot and the newborn curls toes downward

What is the 2nd stool of a newborn called & when does it occur?

transitional- thin, slimy green-brown occurs within 3-6 days

What is large for gestational age (LGA)?

weight above the 90th percentile

What is small for gestational age (SGA)?

weight below 10th percentile

What is appropriate for gestational age (AGA)?

weight is between 10th and 90th percentile

When does the first period of reactivity occur in a newborn? what does it entail?

within 30min-2 hr newborn is alert, moving & hungry

A nurse is caring for a newborn with transient tachypnea. What nursing interventions should the nurse perform while providing supportive care to the newborn? Select all that apply.

• Provide oxygen supplementation • Ensure the newborn's warmth • Observe respiratory status frequently Explanation: The nurse should give the newborn oxygen, ensure the newborn's warmth, and observe the newborn's respiratory status frequently. The nurse need not give the newborn warm water to drink or massage the newborn's back.