Grp6 Hydroplants
Draft Tubes
A conduit which connects the runner exit to the tail race.
Reservoir
A natural or artificial lake used as a source of water.
Deriaz Turbine
A reversible-pump used up to a head of 300 m.
Kaplan Turbine
A special type of propeller turbine.
Surge Tank
A tank that helps when the load on the generator increases and the turbine is in need of more water.
Surge tank
A tank that helps when the load on the generator increases and the turbine is in need of more water.
Pressure Relief Valve
A valve that protects the conduit from inertia effects of speeding water in reaction turbines.
Tailrace
Channel c,arrying water from the turbine.
Headrace
Channel leading water to a turbine.
Tunnel
Closed channel excavated through an obstruction such as a ridge of higher land between dam and powerhouse.
Penstock
Closed conduit for supplying water under pressure from the head pond to the turbines.
Earth Dam
Dam constructed of earth fill.
Diversion Dam
Dam for raising the water level and diverting river flow in another direction.
Detention Dam
Dam for storing flood waters.
Storage Dam
Dam for storing water.
Rock fill Dam
Dam made of loose rock of all sizes.
Gravity Dam
Dam that uses gravity to resist the thrust of water.
Unit speed
Defined as the speed of a geometrically similar turbine working under a unit head.
diagonal turbine
Deriaz turbine is also known as __________.
ridge or splitter
Each bucket has a _______ which divides the jet into two equal streams.
Direct Evaporation
Evaporation from surfaces of lakes, ponds, and swamps.
Diagonal Flow
Flow direction of Deriaz turbine.
Mixed Flow
Flow direction of Francis turbine.
Axial Flow
Flow direction of Propeller and Kaplan turbine.
Unit Discharge
Flow rate that the turbine would have under a unit head.
Unit discharge
Flow rate that the turbine would have under a unit head.
Water Hammer
Fluid motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly, a momentum change.
Cavitation
Formation of cavity and high pressure occurs repeatedly hundreds of times in a second.
James B. Francis
Francis turbine is named after _______.
Hydrograph
Graph that shows the variation of river flow with time.
45°
In Deriaz turbine, the flow over the runner is at an angle of ______ to the axis.
12-22
In Francis turbine, the runner has a number of curved blades ______
impulse turbine
In ______, all the available head of water is converted into kinetic energy in a nozzle.
reaction turbine
In ________, the entire flow from the headwater to the tail water takes place in a closed conduit system which is not open to the atmosphere.
Francis turbine
In _________, the pressure of water at the inlet is more than that at the outlet.
70%
In pumped storage plants, about ____ of the power used in pumping is recovered.
Deflector
Is used to deflect some water from the jet advancing of water flowing through the nozzle in an impulse turbine.
Mass Curve
It is a curve of accumulated flow against time.
Propeller Turbine
It is an axial flow device providing large flor area utilizing a large volume flow of water with low flow velocity.
Pelton Turbine
It is an impulse turbine used for high head installations.
Storage
It is the impounding of a considerable amount of excess runoff of water.
Hydrology
It is the science that deals with the processes governing depletion and replenishment of water resources.
Dr. Victor Kaplan
Kaplan turbine is named after _______
Flume
Open channel erected on a surface above ground.
Canal
Open waterway excavated in natural ground.
Lester Allan Pelton
Pelton turbine is named after _____.
Conduits
Pipe or tube through which water passes.
Unit Power
Power generated by a turbine working under a unit head.
Unit power
Power generated by a turbine working under a unit head.
Hydroelectric Power Plant
Power plant that utilizes the energy of water to drive the turbine and the turbine runs the generator to produce electricity.
Governor
Regulates the quantity of water flowing through the runner in proportion to the load.
Pondage
Regulating body of water in the form of a relatively small pond.
Scale Ratio
Represents the ratio of the diameters of the model turbine and the prototype turbine.
Spillway
Safeguarding structure provided in a dam or close to it to relieve the excess water.
Trough Spillway
Spillway where water shoots down a trough.
Overall Spillway
Spillway where water spills and flow over the crest in the form of rolling sheet of water.
Dam
Structure that develops a reservoir of the desired capacity to store water.
Constant Head Characteristics Curve
Test performed by maintaining a constant head, acquiring its characteristics curve.
Constant Speed Characteristics Curve
Test performed by maintaining a constant speed, acquiring its characteristics curve
Runaway Speed
The maximum speed of the turbine under no load and no governing action.
Tailrace level
The place where the deflected water of the deflector goes.
Cavity
The result when bubbles condense into liquid form.
Specific Speed
The speed of operation of a geometrically similar model of the turbine which is so proportional that is produces 1 KW power when operating under 1m head.
Specific Speed
The speed of operation of a geometrically similar model of the turbine which is so proportional that it produces 1 KW power when operating under 1m head.
Base Load Plants
These plants are required to supply constant power to the grid.
Peak Load Plants
These plants only work during certain hours of a day when the load is more than the average.
Medium head Power Plants
These power plants operate under head varying from 30 m to 100 m.
High head Power Plants
These power plants that work under a head of 100 m and above.
Pelton Turbine
Turbine used for high head and low discharge.
Kaplan Turbine
Turbine used for low head, large discharge.
Francis Turbine
Turbine used for medium head and medium discharge.
Hydraulic Turbines
Turbines that convert the potential energy of water into shaft work, which, in turn, rotates the electric generator coupled to it in producing electric power.
Non overflow Type
Type of dam where water is NOT allowed to flow over it.
Overflow Type
Type of dam where water is allowed to flow over it.
Hollow Gravity Dam
Type of gravity dam where it is hollow and the thrust of water is transmitted to the buttresses.
Solid Gravity Dam
Type of gravity dam where it is solid.
Guide Vanes
Vanes that impart tangential velocity or angular momentum to the water before entering the runner.
Catchment Area
Whole area behind the dam draining into a stream or river across.
Constant Efficiency Curve
also called the universal characteristics curve of the turbine, obtaining its efficiency.
Generators
are always required to run at a constant speed irrespective of the variation in the load.
Micro Plants
are plants that operate under a head of less than 5m and generate electricity between 0.1MW to 1 MW.
Mini Plants
are plants that operate with 5m - 20m head producing about 1MW to 5MW of power.
Bulb Turbine
are small fixed axial flow propeller turbines operating under low heads.
Runner
consists of large circular discs on the periphery of which a number of two-lobe ellipsoidal buckets are evenly mounted.
Nozzle
directs the direction of flow in the Pelton wheel.
Hydraulic Power
is given by the equation P=gpQH
Water
is known as the white coal.
Specific speed of turbine
is the speed of a geometrically similar turbine which produces 1 kW power under 1 m head.
Francis Turbine
operates for heads from 50m to 400m.
Pelton Turbine
operates for heads greater than 400m.
Kaplan Turbine
operates for heads up to 50m.
Tangential Flow
the flow direction of Pelton turbine