Grp6 Hydroplants

Draft Tubes

A conduit which connects the runner exit to the tail race.

Reservoir

A natural or artificial lake used as a source of water.

Deriaz Turbine

A reversible-pump used up to a head of 300 m.

Kaplan Turbine

A special type of propeller turbine.

Surge Tank

A tank that helps when the load on the generator increases and the turbine is in need of more water.

Surge tank

A tank that helps when the load on the generator increases and the turbine is in need of more water.

Pressure Relief Valve

A valve that protects the conduit from inertia effects of speeding water in reaction turbines.

Tailrace

Channel c,arrying water from the turbine.

Headrace

Channel leading water to a turbine.

Tunnel

Closed channel excavated through an obstruction such as a ridge of higher land between dam and powerhouse.

Penstock

Closed conduit for supplying water under pressure from the head pond to the turbines.

Earth Dam

Dam constructed of earth fill.

Diversion Dam

Dam for raising the water level and diverting river flow in another direction.

Detention Dam

Dam for storing flood waters.

Storage Dam

Dam for storing water.

Rock fill Dam

Dam made of loose rock of all sizes.

Gravity Dam

Dam that uses gravity to resist the thrust of water.

Unit speed

Defined as the speed of a geometrically similar turbine working under a unit head.

diagonal turbine

Deriaz turbine is also known as __________.

ridge or splitter

Each bucket has a _______ which divides the jet into two equal streams.

Direct Evaporation

Evaporation from surfaces of lakes, ponds, and swamps.

Diagonal Flow

Flow direction of Deriaz turbine.

Mixed Flow

Flow direction of Francis turbine.

Axial Flow

Flow direction of Propeller and Kaplan turbine.

Unit Discharge

Flow rate that the turbine would have under a unit head.

Unit discharge

Flow rate that the turbine would have under a unit head.

Water Hammer

Fluid motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly, a momentum change.

Cavitation

Formation of cavity and high pressure occurs repeatedly hundreds of times in a second.

James B. Francis

Francis turbine is named after _______.

Hydrograph

Graph that shows the variation of river flow with time.

45°

In Deriaz turbine, the flow over the runner is at an angle of ______ to the axis.

12-22

In Francis turbine, the runner has a number of curved blades ______

impulse turbine

In ______, all the available head of water is converted into kinetic energy in a nozzle.

reaction turbine

In ________, the entire flow from the headwater to the tail water takes place in a closed conduit system which is not open to the atmosphere.

Francis turbine

In _________, the pressure of water at the inlet is more than that at the outlet.

70%

In pumped storage plants, about ____ of the power used in pumping is recovered.

Deflector

Is used to deflect some water from the jet advancing of water flowing through the nozzle in an impulse turbine.

Mass Curve

It is a curve of accumulated flow against time.

Propeller Turbine

It is an axial flow device providing large flor area utilizing a large volume flow of water with low flow velocity.

Pelton Turbine

It is an impulse turbine used for high head installations.

Storage

It is the impounding of a considerable amount of excess runoff of water.

Hydrology

It is the science that deals with the processes governing depletion and replenishment of water resources.

Dr. Victor Kaplan

Kaplan turbine is named after _______

Flume

Open channel erected on a surface above ground.

Canal

Open waterway excavated in natural ground.

Lester Allan Pelton

Pelton turbine is named after _____.

Conduits

Pipe or tube through which water passes.

Unit Power

Power generated by a turbine working under a unit head.

Unit power

Power generated by a turbine working under a unit head.

Hydroelectric Power Plant

Power plant that utilizes the energy of water to drive the turbine and the turbine runs the generator to produce electricity.

Governor

Regulates the quantity of water flowing through the runner in proportion to the load.

Pondage

Regulating body of water in the form of a relatively small pond.

Scale Ratio

Represents the ratio of the diameters of the model turbine and the prototype turbine.

Spillway

Safeguarding structure provided in a dam or close to it to relieve the excess water.

Trough Spillway

Spillway where water shoots down a trough.

Overall Spillway

Spillway where water spills and flow over the crest in the form of rolling sheet of water.

Dam

Structure that develops a reservoir of the desired capacity to store water.

Constant Head Characteristics Curve

Test performed by maintaining a constant head, acquiring its characteristics curve.

Constant Speed Characteristics Curve

Test performed by maintaining a constant speed, acquiring its characteristics curve

Runaway Speed

The maximum speed of the turbine under no load and no governing action.

Tailrace level

The place where the deflected water of the deflector goes.

Cavity

The result when bubbles condense into liquid form.

Specific Speed

The speed of operation of a geometrically similar model of the turbine which is so proportional that is produces 1 KW power when operating under 1m head.

Specific Speed

The speed of operation of a geometrically similar model of the turbine which is so proportional that it produces 1 KW power when operating under 1m head.

Base Load Plants

These plants are required to supply constant power to the grid.

Peak Load Plants

These plants only work during certain hours of a day when the load is more than the average.

Medium head Power Plants

These power plants operate under head varying from 30 m to 100 m.

High head Power Plants

These power plants that work under a head of 100 m and above.

Pelton Turbine

Turbine used for high head and low discharge.

Kaplan Turbine

Turbine used for low head, large discharge.

Francis Turbine

Turbine used for medium head and medium discharge.

Hydraulic Turbines

Turbines that convert the potential energy of water into shaft work, which, in turn, rotates the electric generator coupled to it in producing electric power.

Non overflow Type

Type of dam where water is NOT allowed to flow over it.

Overflow Type

Type of dam where water is allowed to flow over it.

Hollow Gravity Dam

Type of gravity dam where it is hollow and the thrust of water is transmitted to the buttresses.

Solid Gravity Dam

Type of gravity dam where it is solid.

Guide Vanes

Vanes that impart tangential velocity or angular momentum to the water before entering the runner.

Catchment Area

Whole area behind the dam draining into a stream or river across.

Constant Efficiency Curve

also called the universal characteristics curve of the turbine, obtaining its efficiency.

Generators

are always required to run at a constant speed irrespective of the variation in the load.

Micro Plants

are plants that operate under a head of less than 5m and generate electricity between 0.1MW to 1 MW.

Mini Plants

are plants that operate with 5m - 20m head producing about 1MW to 5MW of power.

Bulb Turbine

are small fixed axial flow propeller turbines operating under low heads.

Runner

consists of large circular discs on the periphery of which a number of two-lobe ellipsoidal buckets are evenly mounted.

Nozzle

directs the direction of flow in the Pelton wheel.

Hydraulic Power

is given by the equation P=gpQH

Water

is known as the white coal.

Specific speed of turbine

is the speed of a geometrically similar turbine which produces 1 kW power under 1 m head.

Francis Turbine

operates for heads from 50m to 400m.

Pelton Turbine

operates for heads greater than 400m.

Kaplan Turbine

operates for heads up to 50m.

Tangential Flow

the flow direction of Pelton turbine