GSP 241
Birth rate
# of births per 1000 people in a given unit of time
Why does where things happen matter?
-How it influences experience -interconnectedness (no man is an island)
Maps as Social Construction
-created by people, so social relations go into map making -often created for social control by people in power (surveillance, telling people where they can and can't go)
Relationships between population and natural resources
-fear of running out of resources -fear of wrong people outnumbering the right people
Geographies of language
-global distributions -dialects -lingua franca
Demographic transition model
-predicts patterns of change over time -Women's status and fertility Phase 1 (Preindustrial) : birth and death rates are high Phase 2 (Traditional): death rates go down with technology and technology starts to grow Phase 3 (Transitional): birth rates go down and population grows Phase 4 (Industrial) and 5 (Post-Industrial): high population and low birth and death rates
Distortions
-the world is round, most maps are flat, so decisions are made about how to manage distortions (Mercator Projection)
Features of a good map
-title -author -legend: explanation of what map symbols mean -scale: relationship between distance on map vs. ground -orientation: relationships between directions on the map and the corresponding compass direction
What is a result of European colonialism?
-wealth derived from resource exploitation in Asia and Africa -political and regional boundaries around the world -forced movement of millions of Africans
Selection Process
-what is shown/not shown? -how are things represented
5 Global Climate Processes #1
1. Solar Energy -incoming solar radiation is absorbed by land and water surfaces -these heat the Earth's lower atmosphere -reradiated energy is trapped by the Earth's atmosphere (Greenhouse gases)
According to the human development index devised by the United Nations, a country with a perfect score would have an index of:
1.0
A megacity is an urban area with a population greater than:
10 million
Almost all of the world's inhabitants are living on this percentage of the total land surface.
10%
In 2013, the world's annual average GNI per capita Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) was:
10,700
5 Global Climate Processes #2
2. Latitude Insolation distribution varies because of Earth's curvature-highest amounts are received in the equatorial region Arctic Circle 66.5 NORTH Tropic of Cancer 23.5 NORTH Equator 0 Tropic of Capricorn 23.5 SOUTH Antarctic Circle 66.5 SOUTH
5 Global Climate Processes #3
3. Interaction between Land and Water Land and water possess differing abilities to absorb and reradiate energy Continentality: climates with hot summers and cold winters Maritime Climates: climates with cool and cloudy summers and cold winters, but without the subfreezing temperatures
Which best is the best example of the term location?
35˚ 11' 53" N / 111˚ 39' 2" W
5 Global Climate Processes #4
4. Global Pressure Systems Uneven heating of Earth due to latitudinal differences and the arrangements of oceans and continents create regular patterns of high and low pressure cells Low pressure: clouds, precipitation
5 Global Climate Processes #5
5. Global Wind Patterns -result from pressure systems -have an effect on prevailing wind systems and on seasonal winds
Uneven distribution
7 billion global population
Which country focused on secondary activities for the global market and now is also a significant player in tertiary activities like banking?
China
Quaternary activities
Education
Which of the following is an example of a supranational organization?
European Union, World Trade Organization, North American Free Trade Agreement
The average number of children each woman will have over the course of her lifetime is called the:
Fertility Rate
Primary activities
Fishing Mining
Key factors of Globalizations #5
Homogenization of Consumer Markets -world products -materialism -advertising and entertainment
Climate and Weather
Human settlement and food production are closely linked to patterns of weather and climate
What international organization argues that government subsidies cause poverty and provides emergency loans to countries?
International Monetary Fund
Key factors of Globalizations #3
Internationalization of Finance -global banking and financial markets -world cities
All of the following countries will contribute to half of the world's population increase, except
Japan
A key tool
Maps a graphical representation of the cultural or physical environment
Which is the best example of the term sense of place?
Maria thinks of her hometown as boring.
Key factors of Globalizations #2
New International Division of Labor -decline of US as an industrial producer -decentralization of manufacturing production -specializations within the core
Key factors of Globalizations #4
New Technology Systems -energy: cheap oil, coal -manufacturing and management technologies -communications and transporatation (telecommunications and cheap transport)
Which of these statistics gives the most accurate measurement of buying power and the cost of living in a country?
PPP
What phase of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) has the highest death rates and high birth rates?
Phase I
How do we use maps?
Physical maps -wayfinding -government and tourist maps -informal maps Virtual Maps -GPS -Video game Maps -GIS: Computer based system that processes geographical information and analyzes data
What countries produce tantalum, a mineral used in cell phones?
Rwanda and Democratic Republic of the Congo
Secondary activities
Textile Manufacturing Food Processing
Key factors of Globalizations #1
Transnational Economic Integration -NAFTA, European Union "the market"- system for coordinating transactions between producers and consumers using prices that adjust in relation to supply and demand Free Trade the unrestricted international exchange of goods, services, and capital Fair trade trade that values equity throughout the international trade system; now proposed as an alternative to free trade
The physical Setting: Climate
Tropical, Dry, Mild, Continental, Polar/Highland
Which two countries dominated the "Cold War?"
United States and USSR
Tertiary activities
Warehousing Retail sales
What is geography?
Where, what, and why -a science that deals with the earth and its life, description of land and life -arrangement of things that distinguishes one area from another
Multinational Corporations
a business organization that operates extraction, production, and distribution facilities in multiple countries
What is a lingua franca?
a common, regional language
Culture
a shared set of meanings and practices
Culture region
an area that shares a large number of cultural traits
Money
can be made by mapping -putting yourself on the map - sharing location data via smart devices and social media -targeted advertising -privacy concerns
Physical Geography:
climate and soils for productions
This is a form of social and economic organization characterized by the common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange.
communism
What is an "emerging world region"?
connected locations with shared and distinct characteristics
What is the spatial dispersion of a previously homogenous group?
diaspora
What does a "top-heavy" population pyramid reveal about a country?
elderly population
How do commodity chains begin?
extraction and production of raw materials
Plantation economies characterized what economic era?
first wave of colonialism
Political Symbols
gives people a sense of identity
Which of the following is the estimate of the total value of everything produced by a country in a particular year?
gross domestic product
Human Geography
labor and transportation
Geographers refer to the earth's surface as transformed by human activity as ___________.
landscape
Why do small farmers do better in an equal exchange coffee chain?
less intermediaries in chain
The U.N. Human Development Index (HDI) is based on:
life expectancy, education, income
Climate
long term, average conditions
Which of the following is an example of geoengineering to combat climate change?
massive scale carbon storing iron fertilization of sea chemicals to block incoming sunlight Correct all of the above
This economic policy emphasizes universal faith in markets, reduction in government programs, and development as an economic process?
neoliberalism
Which of the following elements are not part of the global transnational organized crime?
none of the above
Genocide Watch in the U.S. and the Green Belt Movement in Kenya are examples of:
nongovernmental organizations
Physical Geography
orographic uplift: influence of hills and mountains lifting airstreams, cooling the air Monsoon: seasonal reversal of wind flows -during the cool season, a dry monsoon occurs as offshore winds prevail -during the warm season, a wet monsoon occurs as onshore winds bring large amounts of rainfall highland climates: cold temperatures due to elevation; different crops and ecosystems at different elevations Phoenix-Flagstaff; Cacti-Pines
Which of the following is not part of the U.N.'s Millennium Development Goals to reduce poverty?
provide universal college education
What is the social category that developed during the 19 th century of European imperialism?
race
Rate of natural increase
rate of population growth measured as excess of births over death
Cartography
science and art of map making -collection of data, design, and construction
Weather
short-term, day to day expression of atmospheric processes
What is a large informal group focused on political or social issues?
social movement
What political institution exercises power over territory and people, and is recognized by other states?
sovereign state
Population Pyramid
tells about age and sex age: vertical axis sex: male and female proportion: horizontal axis
The provision of services constitutes this form of employment.
tertiary
Globalization
the increasing interconnectedness of the world's regions (products, services, and resources)
Cultural diffusion
the movement of things, people, or ideas from a point of origin to another location overtime
