GYN CHP. 17 (study)
The normal pre-pubertal uterus has a cervix to uterus ratio of what?
2 to 1
Congenital malformations of the vagina can lead to what?
Accumulation of fluid within the female genital tract secondary to an obstruction
Intramural for pedunculated fibroids that tourists what are the clinical findings?
Acute, localized pelvic pain
A focal mass of adenomyosis
Adenomyoma
The benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus
Adenomyosis
The size and shape of the uterus depends on what?
Age of patient, parity, presence of pathology or congenital anomalies
Asymptomatic what are the sonography findings of a nabothian cyst?
Anechoic Mass within the cervix, maybe multiple, maybe complex
What are the sonography findings of a Gartner duct cyst?
Anechoic Mass within the vagina
The uterine body tilts forward and comes in contact with a cervix forming an acute angle between body and cervix
Anteflexion
What are the clinical findings of a Gartner duct cyst?
Asymptomatic
What are the clinical findings of a nabothian cyst?
Asymptomatic
The non-functional outer layer of the endometrium
Basal layer
The most common uterine anomaly in which the endometrium divides into two horns AKA bicornis unicollis
Bicornuate uterus
Is the involvement of adenomyosis focal or diffuse?
Both, more often within the posterior portion of the uterus
Pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis
Broad ligament
What is the most common female malignancy in women younger than 50?
Cervical Carcinoma
The rigid region of the uterus located between the Isthmus and vagina
Cervix
Physical defects that are present in a person at Birth
Congenital malformation
Areas just inferior to the fundus of the uterus where the Fallopian tubes attached bilaterally
Cornua
The uterine body
Corpus
What is the largest part of the uterus?
Corpus or body
What are the sonography findings of adenomyosis?
Diffusely enlarged uterus, hypoechoic or academic areas adjacent to the endometrium, heterogeneous myometrium, myometrial cyst, ill-defined interface between myometrium and endometrium, thickening of the posterior myometrium
What are the sonography findings of vaginal obstructions?
Distention of the uterus, vagina, or both with anechoic or complex fluid
The consequence of obstructions for congenital malformation of the vagina could lead to what?
Distention of the vagina, cervix, uterus and Fallopian tubes with blood or fluid
An important differentiation should be made between endometriosis and adenomyosis. Discuss the differences.
Endometriosis tend to be younger and have fertility problems while adenomyosis are often older and multiparous
The inner mucosal layer of the uterus
Endometrium
The vagina is a tubular organ which extends from where to where?
External os of the cervix to the external genitalia
Adenomyosis is often present in the uterus Afflicted with what?
Fibroid tumors
The most Superior and widest portion of the uterus
Fundus
The uterus can be divided into what four major divisions?
Fundus, Corpus, Isthmus, cervix
A benign cyst located within the vagina
Gartner duct cyst
Blood accumulation within the vagina
Hematocolpos
Blood accumulation within the uterine cavity
Hematometra
Blood accumulation within the uterus and vagina
Hematometrocolpos
Fluid accumulation within the vagina
Hydrocolpos
fluid accumulation within the uterus and vagina
Hydrometrocolpos
What are the sonography findings of uterine leiomyoma?
Hypoechoic Mass within the uterus, posterior shadowing from the mass, degenerating fibroids may have calcifications or cystic components, multiple fibroids appear as an enlarged irregular shaped diffusely heterogeneous uterus
The surgical removal of the uterus
Hysterectomy
What is treatment for adenomyosis?
Hysterectomy or hormone therapy
How might a Cervical Carcinoma appear sonography?
In homogeneous, enlarged cervix or a focal Mass within the cervix
The superior portion of the cervix closest to the isthmus
Internal os
A leiomyoma located within the uterine
Intracavitary
What fibroids usually lead to abnormal uterine bleeding because of their location in relationship to the endometrium?
Intracavitary
Location of leiomyoma within the myometrium of the uterus
Intramural
What is the most common location for fibroids?
Intramural
Area of the uterus between the Corpus and the cervix
Isthmus
A benign smooth muscle tumor of the uterus AKA fibroid AKA uterine Myoma
Leiomyoma
What is the most common benign gynecologic tumors in the leading cause of hysterectomy and gynecologic surgery?
Leiomyoma
The malignant manifestation of a leiomyoma
Leiomyosarcoma
The term used for the Isthmus of the uterus during pregnancy
Lower uterine segment
Heavy and prolonged bleeding between periods
Menometrorrhagia
Abnormally heavy and prolonged menstruation
Menorrhagia
Paired embryonic ducts that develop into the female urogenital tract
Mullerian ducts
Having birth more than one child
Multiparous
The surgical removal of a Myoma of the uterus
Myomectomy
The muscular layer of the uterus
Myometrium
Benign cyst located within the cervix
Nabothian cysts
Hydrocolpos is often seen in what age of patient?
Neonatal
The first 4 weeks after birth
Neonatal
Who are at a greater risk for development of fibroids?
Obese, black, non-smokers, perimenopause
Pseudoprecocious puberty has been linked with what?
Ovarian, adrenal, and liver tumors
What are the clinical findings of vaginal obstructions?
Pelvic pain, enlarged uterus, abdominal pain, urinary retention, amenorrhea
What are the clinical findings of leiomyosarcoma
Pelvic pressure, menorrhagia, palpable abdominal Mass, enlarged bulky uterus, urinary frequency, dysuria, constipation, infertility
What are the clinical findings of the uterine leiomyoma?
Pelvic pressure, menorrhagia, palpable pelvic Mass, enlarged bulky uterus, urinary frequency, dysuria, constipation, infertility
Leiomyosarcoma are more commonly found in what woman?
Perimenopausal or postmenopausal
Mullerian ducts AKA?
Perimesonephric ducts
The outer layer of the uterus AKA serosal layer
Perimetrium
What is the primary function of the uterus?
Provide a place for the products of conception to implant and develop
Secondary sexual development induced by sex steroids or from other sources like ovarian tumors, adrenal tumors, or steroid use
Pseudoprecocious puberty
What are the sonography findings of leiomyosarcoma?
Rapidly growing Mass within the uterus, hypoechoic Mass within the uterus, posterior shadowing from the mass, degenerating fibroids may have calcifications or cystic components, multiple fibroids appear has an enlarged irregular shaped diffusely heterogeneous uterus
The uterine body tilts backward and comes in contact with the cervix for me an acute angle between body and cervix
Retroflexion
The uterine body tilts backward without a Bend where the cervix and body meet
Retroversion
Congenital malformation of the uterus that results in a single septum that separates two endometrial cavities
Septate uterus
The outermost layer of the uterus AKA parimetrium
Serosal layer
A leiomyoma that distorts the shape of the endometrium
Submucosal
Congenital malformation of the uterus that results in abnormal uterine Contour with an endometrium that branches into two horns
Subseptate uterus
Location of leiomyoma in which the tumor grows outward and distorts the Contour of the uterus
Subserosal
The cervix is marked Superiorly by what and inferiorly by what?
Superior is the internal os and inferior is the external os
Congenital malformation of the uterus that results in the uterus with one horn
Unicornuate uterus
Besides a hysterectomy or myomectomy what is an alternative treatment for fibroids?
Uterine artery embolization
Procedure used to block the blood supply to a leiomyoma
Uterine artery embolization
What are the clinical findings of adenomyosis?
Uterine enlargement, dysmenorrhea, menometrorrhagia, pelvic pain, despareunia, multiparous
Each fallopian tube attaches to the uterus at the level of what?
Uterine horns called the cornua
Congenital malformation of the uterus that results in complete duplication of the uterus, cervix, vagina
Uterus didelphys
What develop from the paired mullerian ducts?
Uterus, vagina, fallopian tubes
Occlusion or in perforation of the vagina, can be congenital or acquired
Vaginal atresia
With congenital malformation of the vagina the obstructions can be the result of what?
Vaginal atresia, vaginal septum, imperforate hymen
Recesses of the vagina
Vaginal fornices
which of the following is typically not a clinical complaint of women who are suffering from adenomyosis? a. amenorrhea b. dysmenorrhea c. dyspareunia d. menometrorrhagia
a. amenorrhea (heavy periods)
the uterine position in which the corpus tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix describes: a. anteflexion b. anteversion c. retroflexion d. retroversion
a. anteflexion
the largest part of the uterus is the: a. corpus b. isthmus c. cervix d. fundus
a. corpus
all of the following are clinical findings associated with leiomyoma except: a. myometrial cyst b. infertility c. palpable pelvic mass d. menorrhagia
a. myometrial cyst
a 38 year old female patient presents to the sonography department for a pelvic sonogram with an indication of pelvic pain. upon sonography interrogation, the sonographer notes an anechoic mass within the cervix. this is most likely represents a: a. nabothian cyst b. benign follicular cyst c. dermoid cyst d. gartner duct cyst
a. nabothian cyst
which of the following fibroid locations would most likely result in abnormal uterine bleeding because of its relationship to the endometrium? a. submucosal b. intramural c. subserosal d. subserosal pedunculated
a. submucosal
precocious puberty is defined as the development of pubic hair, breasts, and the genitals before the age of: a. 13 b. 8 c. 5 d. 10
b. 8
the inner mucosal lining of the uterus is the: a. myometrium b. endometrium c. serosal layer d. perimetrium
b. endometrium
a 24 year old female patient presents to the sonography department for a pelvic sonogram with an indication of pelvic pain. upon sonographic interrogation, the sonographer notes an anechoic mass within the vagina. this mass most likely represents a. nabothian cyst b. gartner duct cyst c. dandy walker cyst d. ovarian cyst
b. gartner duct cyst
A simple fluid accumulation within the vagina secondary to an imperforate hymen is: a. hydrometrocolpos b. hydrocolpos c. hematometra d. hematocolpos
b. hydrocolpos
Anechoic fluid noted distending the uterus and cervix within a pediatric patient is termed: a. hydrocolpos b. hydrometrocolpos c. hydrometra d. hematometrocolpos
b. hydrometrocolpos
what section of the uterus is also referred to as the lower uterine segment: a. cervix b. isthmus c. fundus d. cornu
b. isthmus
a patient presents to the sonography department for a pelvic sonogram with a history of adenomyosis that was diagnosed following an MRI of the pelvis. what are the most likely sonographic findings? a. complex, bilateral adnexal masses b. myometrial cysts with enlargement of the posterior uterine wall c. endometrial thinning and cervical dilation d. uterine atrophy with bilateral ovarian cysts
b. myometrial cysts with enlargement of the posterior uterine wall
which of the following would be most indicative of a leiomyosarcoma? a. vaginal bleeding b. rapid growth c. dysuria d. large hypoechoic mass
b. rapid growth
upon sonographic evaluation of a patient complaining of abnormal distention, you visualize a large, hypoechoic mass distorting the anterior border of the uterus. what is the most likely location of the mass? a. intramural b. subserosal c. submucosal d. intracavity pedunculated
b. subserosal
the normal position of the uterus is: a. retroverted b. retroflexed c. anteverted d. dysverted
c. anteverted
the rigid region of the uterus located between the vagina and the isthmus is the: a. cornu b. corpus c. cervix d. fundus
c. cervix
the inferior portion of the cervix closest to the vagina is the: a. cornu b. internal os c. external os d. inferior fornix
c. external os
the recesses of the vagina are the: a. cornu b. isthmi c. fornices d. parity
c. fornices
the layer of the endometrium that is significantly altered as a result of hormonal stimulation during the menstrual cycle is the: a. myometrium b. endometrial cavity c. functional layer d. basal layer
c. functional layer
the superior portion of the cervix is the: a. cornu b. corpus c. internal os d. external os
c. internal os
the surgical removal of a fibroid is termed: a. hysterosonogram b. total abdominal hysterectomy c. myomectomy d. uterine artery embolization
c. myomectomy
what leiomyoma location have an increased risk to undergo torsion? a. subserosal b. intracavity c. pedunulated d. submucosal
c. pedunulated
leiomyosarcoma of the uterus denotes: a. the benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium b. the ectopic location of endometrial tissue into the adnexa c. the malignant counterpart of a fibroid d. an anechoic, simple cyst located within the cervix
c. the malignant counterpart of a fibroid
congenital malformation of the uterus that results in complete duplication of the genital tract is: a. unicornuate uterus b. bicornis bicollis c. uterus didelphys d. subseptate uterus
c. uterus didelphys
The invasion endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus is referred to as: a. amenorrhea b. endometriosis c. adenomyomatosis d. adenomyosis
d. adenomyosis
the outer layer of the endometrium is the: a. myometrium b. endometrial cavity c. functional layer d. basal layer
d. basal layer
all of the following are sonographic findings consistent with adenomyosis except: a. diffuse, enlarged uterus b. myometrial cysts c. hypoechoic areas adjacent to the endometrium d. complex adnexal mass
d. complex adnexal mass
the uterus of attachment of the fallopian tubes to the uterus is the: a. fundus b. corpus c. isthmus d. cornua
d. cornua
the most superior and widest portion of the uterus is the: a. corpus b. isthmus c. cervix d. fundus
d. fundus
a 13 year old girl presents to the sonography department with a history of cyclic pain, abdominal swelling, and amenorrhea. sonographically, you visualize an enlarged uterus and a distended vagina that contains anechoic fluid with debris. what is the most likely diagnosis? a. cervical stenosis b. adenomyosis c. endometriosis d. hematocolpos
d. hematocolpos
the location of a fibroid within the myometrium is termed: a. submucosal b. intracavitary c. subserosal d. intramural
d. intramural
The paired embryonic ducts that develop into the female urogenital tract are the: a. fallopian ducts b. wolffian ducts c. gartner ducts d. mullerian ducts
d. mullerian ducts
leiomyomas that project from a stalk are termed: a. submucosal b. intramural c. subserosal d. pedunculated
d. pedunculated
what congenital malformation of the uterus is common and has a clear association with an increases risk for spontaneous abortion? a. anteflexed b. levoverted uterus c. dextroverted uterus d. septate uterus
d. septate uterus
which of the following would be considered the more common uterine anomaly? a. bicornis univernus b. bicornus bicollis c. uterus didelphys d. septate uterus
d. septate uterus