GYN CHP. 17 (study)

The normal pre-pubertal uterus has a cervix to uterus ratio of what?

2 to 1

Congenital malformations of the vagina can lead to what?

Accumulation of fluid within the female genital tract secondary to an obstruction

Intramural for pedunculated fibroids that tourists what are the clinical findings?

Acute, localized pelvic pain

A focal mass of adenomyosis

Adenomyoma

The benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus

Adenomyosis

The size and shape of the uterus depends on what?

Age of patient, parity, presence of pathology or congenital anomalies

Asymptomatic what are the sonography findings of a nabothian cyst?

Anechoic Mass within the cervix, maybe multiple, maybe complex

What are the sonography findings of a Gartner duct cyst?

Anechoic Mass within the vagina

The uterine body tilts forward and comes in contact with a cervix forming an acute angle between body and cervix

Anteflexion

What are the clinical findings of a Gartner duct cyst?

Asymptomatic

What are the clinical findings of a nabothian cyst?

Asymptomatic

The non-functional outer layer of the endometrium

Basal layer

The most common uterine anomaly in which the endometrium divides into two horns AKA bicornis unicollis

Bicornuate uterus

Is the involvement of adenomyosis focal or diffuse?

Both, more often within the posterior portion of the uterus

Pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis

Broad ligament

What is the most common female malignancy in women younger than 50?

Cervical Carcinoma

The rigid region of the uterus located between the Isthmus and vagina

Cervix

Physical defects that are present in a person at Birth

Congenital malformation

Areas just inferior to the fundus of the uterus where the Fallopian tubes attached bilaterally

Cornua

The uterine body

Corpus

What is the largest part of the uterus?

Corpus or body

What are the sonography findings of adenomyosis?

Diffusely enlarged uterus, hypoechoic or academic areas adjacent to the endometrium, heterogeneous myometrium, myometrial cyst, ill-defined interface between myometrium and endometrium, thickening of the posterior myometrium

What are the sonography findings of vaginal obstructions?

Distention of the uterus, vagina, or both with anechoic or complex fluid

The consequence of obstructions for congenital malformation of the vagina could lead to what?

Distention of the vagina, cervix, uterus and Fallopian tubes with blood or fluid

An important differentiation should be made between endometriosis and adenomyosis. Discuss the differences.

Endometriosis tend to be younger and have fertility problems while adenomyosis are often older and multiparous

The inner mucosal layer of the uterus

Endometrium

The vagina is a tubular organ which extends from where to where?

External os of the cervix to the external genitalia

Adenomyosis is often present in the uterus Afflicted with what?

Fibroid tumors

The most Superior and widest portion of the uterus

Fundus

The uterus can be divided into what four major divisions?

Fundus, Corpus, Isthmus, cervix

A benign cyst located within the vagina

Gartner duct cyst

Blood accumulation within the vagina

Hematocolpos

Blood accumulation within the uterine cavity

Hematometra

Blood accumulation within the uterus and vagina

Hematometrocolpos

Fluid accumulation within the vagina

Hydrocolpos

fluid accumulation within the uterus and vagina

Hydrometrocolpos

What are the sonography findings of uterine leiomyoma?

Hypoechoic Mass within the uterus, posterior shadowing from the mass, degenerating fibroids may have calcifications or cystic components, multiple fibroids appear as an enlarged irregular shaped diffusely heterogeneous uterus

The surgical removal of the uterus

Hysterectomy

What is treatment for adenomyosis?

Hysterectomy or hormone therapy

How might a Cervical Carcinoma appear sonography?

In homogeneous, enlarged cervix or a focal Mass within the cervix

The superior portion of the cervix closest to the isthmus

Internal os

A leiomyoma located within the uterine

Intracavitary

What fibroids usually lead to abnormal uterine bleeding because of their location in relationship to the endometrium?

Intracavitary

Location of leiomyoma within the myometrium of the uterus

Intramural

What is the most common location for fibroids?

Intramural

Area of the uterus between the Corpus and the cervix

Isthmus

A benign smooth muscle tumor of the uterus AKA fibroid AKA uterine Myoma

Leiomyoma

What is the most common benign gynecologic tumors in the leading cause of hysterectomy and gynecologic surgery?

Leiomyoma

The malignant manifestation of a leiomyoma

Leiomyosarcoma

The term used for the Isthmus of the uterus during pregnancy

Lower uterine segment

Heavy and prolonged bleeding between periods

Menometrorrhagia

Abnormally heavy and prolonged menstruation

Menorrhagia

Paired embryonic ducts that develop into the female urogenital tract

Mullerian ducts

Having birth more than one child

Multiparous

The surgical removal of a Myoma of the uterus

Myomectomy

The muscular layer of the uterus

Myometrium

Benign cyst located within the cervix

Nabothian cysts

Hydrocolpos is often seen in what age of patient?

Neonatal

The first 4 weeks after birth

Neonatal

Who are at a greater risk for development of fibroids?

Obese, black, non-smokers, perimenopause

Pseudoprecocious puberty has been linked with what?

Ovarian, adrenal, and liver tumors

What are the clinical findings of vaginal obstructions?

Pelvic pain, enlarged uterus, abdominal pain, urinary retention, amenorrhea

What are the clinical findings of leiomyosarcoma

Pelvic pressure, menorrhagia, palpable abdominal Mass, enlarged bulky uterus, urinary frequency, dysuria, constipation, infertility

What are the clinical findings of the uterine leiomyoma?

Pelvic pressure, menorrhagia, palpable pelvic Mass, enlarged bulky uterus, urinary frequency, dysuria, constipation, infertility

Leiomyosarcoma are more commonly found in what woman?

Perimenopausal or postmenopausal

Mullerian ducts AKA?

Perimesonephric ducts

The outer layer of the uterus AKA serosal layer

Perimetrium

What is the primary function of the uterus?

Provide a place for the products of conception to implant and develop

Secondary sexual development induced by sex steroids or from other sources like ovarian tumors, adrenal tumors, or steroid use

Pseudoprecocious puberty

What are the sonography findings of leiomyosarcoma?

Rapidly growing Mass within the uterus, hypoechoic Mass within the uterus, posterior shadowing from the mass, degenerating fibroids may have calcifications or cystic components, multiple fibroids appear has an enlarged irregular shaped diffusely heterogeneous uterus

The uterine body tilts backward and comes in contact with the cervix for me an acute angle between body and cervix

Retroflexion

The uterine body tilts backward without a Bend where the cervix and body meet

Retroversion

Congenital malformation of the uterus that results in a single septum that separates two endometrial cavities

Septate uterus

The outermost layer of the uterus AKA parimetrium

Serosal layer

A leiomyoma that distorts the shape of the endometrium

Submucosal

Congenital malformation of the uterus that results in abnormal uterine Contour with an endometrium that branches into two horns

Subseptate uterus

Location of leiomyoma in which the tumor grows outward and distorts the Contour of the uterus

Subserosal

The cervix is marked Superiorly by what and inferiorly by what?

Superior is the internal os and inferior is the external os

Congenital malformation of the uterus that results in the uterus with one horn

Unicornuate uterus

Besides a hysterectomy or myomectomy what is an alternative treatment for fibroids?

Uterine artery embolization

Procedure used to block the blood supply to a leiomyoma

Uterine artery embolization

What are the clinical findings of adenomyosis?

Uterine enlargement, dysmenorrhea, menometrorrhagia, pelvic pain, despareunia, multiparous

Each fallopian tube attaches to the uterus at the level of what?

Uterine horns called the cornua

Congenital malformation of the uterus that results in complete duplication of the uterus, cervix, vagina

Uterus didelphys

What develop from the paired mullerian ducts?

Uterus, vagina, fallopian tubes

Occlusion or in perforation of the vagina, can be congenital or acquired

Vaginal atresia

With congenital malformation of the vagina the obstructions can be the result of what?

Vaginal atresia, vaginal septum, imperforate hymen

Recesses of the vagina

Vaginal fornices

which of the following is typically not a clinical complaint of women who are suffering from adenomyosis? a. amenorrhea b. dysmenorrhea c. dyspareunia d. menometrorrhagia

a. amenorrhea (heavy periods)

the uterine position in which the corpus tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix describes: a. anteflexion b. anteversion c. retroflexion d. retroversion

a. anteflexion

the largest part of the uterus is the: a. corpus b. isthmus c. cervix d. fundus

a. corpus

all of the following are clinical findings associated with leiomyoma except: a. myometrial cyst b. infertility c. palpable pelvic mass d. menorrhagia

a. myometrial cyst

a 38 year old female patient presents to the sonography department for a pelvic sonogram with an indication of pelvic pain. upon sonography interrogation, the sonographer notes an anechoic mass within the cervix. this is most likely represents a: a. nabothian cyst b. benign follicular cyst c. dermoid cyst d. gartner duct cyst

a. nabothian cyst

which of the following fibroid locations would most likely result in abnormal uterine bleeding because of its relationship to the endometrium? a. submucosal b. intramural c. subserosal d. subserosal pedunculated

a. submucosal

precocious puberty is defined as the development of pubic hair, breasts, and the genitals before the age of: a. 13 b. 8 c. 5 d. 10

b. 8

the inner mucosal lining of the uterus is the: a. myometrium b. endometrium c. serosal layer d. perimetrium

b. endometrium

a 24 year old female patient presents to the sonography department for a pelvic sonogram with an indication of pelvic pain. upon sonographic interrogation, the sonographer notes an anechoic mass within the vagina. this mass most likely represents a. nabothian cyst b. gartner duct cyst c. dandy walker cyst d. ovarian cyst

b. gartner duct cyst

A simple fluid accumulation within the vagina secondary to an imperforate hymen is: a. hydrometrocolpos b. hydrocolpos c. hematometra d. hematocolpos

b. hydrocolpos

Anechoic fluid noted distending the uterus and cervix within a pediatric patient is termed: a. hydrocolpos b. hydrometrocolpos c. hydrometra d. hematometrocolpos

b. hydrometrocolpos

what section of the uterus is also referred to as the lower uterine segment: a. cervix b. isthmus c. fundus d. cornu

b. isthmus

a patient presents to the sonography department for a pelvic sonogram with a history of adenomyosis that was diagnosed following an MRI of the pelvis. what are the most likely sonographic findings? a. complex, bilateral adnexal masses b. myometrial cysts with enlargement of the posterior uterine wall c. endometrial thinning and cervical dilation d. uterine atrophy with bilateral ovarian cysts

b. myometrial cysts with enlargement of the posterior uterine wall

which of the following would be most indicative of a leiomyosarcoma? a. vaginal bleeding b. rapid growth c. dysuria d. large hypoechoic mass

b. rapid growth

upon sonographic evaluation of a patient complaining of abnormal distention, you visualize a large, hypoechoic mass distorting the anterior border of the uterus. what is the most likely location of the mass? a. intramural b. subserosal c. submucosal d. intracavity pedunculated

b. subserosal

the normal position of the uterus is: a. retroverted b. retroflexed c. anteverted d. dysverted

c. anteverted

the rigid region of the uterus located between the vagina and the isthmus is the: a. cornu b. corpus c. cervix d. fundus

c. cervix

the inferior portion of the cervix closest to the vagina is the: a. cornu b. internal os c. external os d. inferior fornix

c. external os

the recesses of the vagina are the: a. cornu b. isthmi c. fornices d. parity

c. fornices

the layer of the endometrium that is significantly altered as a result of hormonal stimulation during the menstrual cycle is the: a. myometrium b. endometrial cavity c. functional layer d. basal layer

c. functional layer

the superior portion of the cervix is the: a. cornu b. corpus c. internal os d. external os

c. internal os

the surgical removal of a fibroid is termed: a. hysterosonogram b. total abdominal hysterectomy c. myomectomy d. uterine artery embolization

c. myomectomy

what leiomyoma location have an increased risk to undergo torsion? a. subserosal b. intracavity c. pedunulated d. submucosal

c. pedunulated

leiomyosarcoma of the uterus denotes: a. the benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium b. the ectopic location of endometrial tissue into the adnexa c. the malignant counterpart of a fibroid d. an anechoic, simple cyst located within the cervix

c. the malignant counterpart of a fibroid

congenital malformation of the uterus that results in complete duplication of the genital tract is: a. unicornuate uterus b. bicornis bicollis c. uterus didelphys d. subseptate uterus

c. uterus didelphys

The invasion endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus is referred to as: a. amenorrhea b. endometriosis c. adenomyomatosis d. adenomyosis

d. adenomyosis

the outer layer of the endometrium is the: a. myometrium b. endometrial cavity c. functional layer d. basal layer

d. basal layer

all of the following are sonographic findings consistent with adenomyosis except: a. diffuse, enlarged uterus b. myometrial cysts c. hypoechoic areas adjacent to the endometrium d. complex adnexal mass

d. complex adnexal mass

the uterus of attachment of the fallopian tubes to the uterus is the: a. fundus b. corpus c. isthmus d. cornua

d. cornua

the most superior and widest portion of the uterus is the: a. corpus b. isthmus c. cervix d. fundus

d. fundus

a 13 year old girl presents to the sonography department with a history of cyclic pain, abdominal swelling, and amenorrhea. sonographically, you visualize an enlarged uterus and a distended vagina that contains anechoic fluid with debris. what is the most likely diagnosis? a. cervical stenosis b. adenomyosis c. endometriosis d. hematocolpos

d. hematocolpos

the location of a fibroid within the myometrium is termed: a. submucosal b. intracavitary c. subserosal d. intramural

d. intramural

The paired embryonic ducts that develop into the female urogenital tract are the: a. fallopian ducts b. wolffian ducts c. gartner ducts d. mullerian ducts

d. mullerian ducts

leiomyomas that project from a stalk are termed: a. submucosal b. intramural c. subserosal d. pedunculated

d. pedunculated

what congenital malformation of the uterus is common and has a clear association with an increases risk for spontaneous abortion? a. anteflexed b. levoverted uterus c. dextroverted uterus d. septate uterus

d. septate uterus

which of the following would be considered the more common uterine anomaly? a. bicornis univernus b. bicornus bicollis c. uterus didelphys d. septate uterus

d. septate uterus