GYN Multiple Choice

b. myometrial cysts with enlargement of the posterior uterine wall

A patient presents to the sonography department for a pelvic sonogram with a history of adenomyosis hat was diagnosed following an MRI of the pelvis. What are the most likely sonographic findings? a. complex, bilateral adnexal masses b. myometrial cysts with enlargement of the posterior uterine wall c. endometrial thinning and cervical dilation d. uterine atrophy with bilateral ovarian cysts

b. evaluation of pelvic anatomy immediately following a motor vehicle accident

All of the following are common indications for a pelvic sonogram except: a. evaluation of congenital anomalies b. evaluation of pelvic anatomy immediately following a motor vehicle accident c. localization of an intrauterine contraceptive device d. postmenopausal bleeding

b. vesicouterine pouch

Fluid noted anterior to the uterus would most likely be located within the: a. pouch of douglas b. vesicouterine pouch c. space of retzius d. rectouterine pouch

b. pseudomyxoma peritonei

Malignant ovarian tumors may leak mucinous material, and this condition is known as: a. Dandy-Walker Syndrome b. pseudomyxoma peritonei c. Asherman Syndrome d. Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome

d. hCG

Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy? a. FSH b. LH c. progesterone d. hCG

c. a probe cover should be placed on the transducer for transabdominal imaging to prevent the spread of infection

All of the following are proper techniques for providing patient care for patients during a pelvic sonogram except: a. all transducers and their cords should be cleaned before performing a pelvic sonogram b. endovaginal transducers should be cleaned with a high-level disinfectant c. a probe cover should be placed on the transducer for transabdominal imaging to prevent the spread of infection d. sterile jelly should be used as a lubricant for endovaginal imaging

c. mostly cystic mass with low-level echoes

An endometrioma most likely appears as a: a. simple, anechoic mass with through transmission b. complex mass with internal shadowing components c. mostly cystic mass with low-level echoes d. solid, hyperechoic shadowing mass

a. endometrial hyperplasia

An increase in the number of endometrial cells is termed: a. endometrial hyperplasia b. endometrial atrophy c. endometrial carcinoma d. polyps

a. cystic teratoma

The most common benign ovarian tumor is the: a. cystic teratoma b. mucinous cystadenoma c. fibroma d. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

a. dermoid

The ovarian mass that contains fat, sebum, and teeth is the: a. dermoid b. fibroma c. mucinous cystadenoma d. yolk sac tumor

b. ovarian artery and uterine artery

The ovary is supplied blood by the: a. ovarian artery b. ovarian artery and uterine artery c. uterine artery d. arcuate artery

a. levator ani muscles

The pelvic muscle group that is located between the coccyx and the pubis is the: a. levator ani muscles b. rectus abdominis muscles c. obturator internus muscles d. piriformis muscle

c. linea terminalis

The true pelvis is delineated from the false pelvis by the: a. space of retzius b. adnexa c. linea terminalis d. iliac crest

b. aliasing

What Doppler artifact occurs when the Doppler sampling rate is not high enough to display the Doppler shift frequency? a. Doppler noise b. aliasing c. twinkle artifact d. absent Doppler signal

c. ovarian torsion

What abnormality results results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection? a. pelvic inflammatory disease b. Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome c. ovarian torsion d. ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

a. ring-down

What artifact could be noted emanating from air or gas within the endometrium in a patient with endometritis? a. ring-down b. mirror image c. posterior enhancement d. dirty transmission

d. septate uterus

What congenital malformation of the uterus is common and has a clear association with an increased risk for spontaneous abortion? a. anteflexed uterus b. levoverted uterus c. dextroverted uterus d. septate uterus

b. radiographic contrast

What substance does hysterosalpingography utilize for the visualization of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes? a. saline b. radiographic contrast c. water d. betadine

c. when your hands are visibly soiled

When does the CDC recommend that alcohol-based handrub not be used by the sonographer? a. after performing a sonogram b. before performing a sonogram c. when your hands are visibly soiled d. between patients

d. secretory

When the ovary is in luteal phase, the endometrium is in the: a. early proliferative b. periovulatory c. late proliferative d. secretory

a. ovarian carcinoma

Which of the following most often leads to an elevation of CA-125? a. ovarian carcinoma b. Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome c. ovarian torsion d. ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

d. ovarian torsion

Which of the following would NOT be a cause of AUB? a. endometrial hyperplasia b. hypothyroidism c. adenomyosis d. ovarian torsion

a. radial arteries

Which vessels supply blood to the deeper layers of the myometrium? a. radial arteries b. spiral arteries c. straight arteries d. arcuate arteries

b. AUB

A change in menstrual bleeding associated with lesions within the uterus relates to: a. DUB b. AUB c. pelvic inflammatory disease d. fibroids

a. pubertal development before the age of 8

Precocious puberty is best defined as: a. pubertal development before the age of 8 b. pubertal development before the age of 13 c. excessive hair growth in girls in areas where hair growth is normally negligible d. changes within the female that are caused by increased levels of AFP

d. tamoxifen

The breast cancer drug that inhibits the effects of estrogen in the breast is: a. CA-125 b. methotrexate c. RA-916 d. tamoxifen

b. progesterone

The corpus luteum primarily releases: a. estrogen b. progesterone c. LH d. FSH

c. GnRH

The hormone produced by the hypothalamus that controls the release of the hormones for menstruation by the anterior pituitary gland is: a. FSH b. estrogen c. GnRH d. LH

b. mucosal layer

The inner layer of the wall of the fallopian tube is the: a. muscular layer b. mucosal layer c. myometrial layer d. serosal layer

b. endometrium

The inner mucosal lining of the uterus is the: a. myometrium b. endometrium c. serosal layer d. perimetrium

a. ischium, ilium, and pubic bones

The innominate bones of the pelvis consist of the: a. ischium, ilium, and pubic bones b. ilium, sacrum, and coccyx bones c. sacrum. coccyx, and pubic bones d. sacrum, ischium, and ilium bones

b. Krukenberg tumor

The malignant ovarian mass that is associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei is the: a. Brenner tumor b. Krukenberg tumor c. yolk sac tumor d. granulosa cell tumor

d. mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

The malignant ovarian mass that is associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei is the: a. dysgerminoma b. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor c. serous cystadenocarcinoma d. mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

d. piriformis and iliopsoas muscles

The muscles that may be confused with the ovaries on a pelvic sonogram include the: a. rectus abdominis and obturator internus muscles b. levator ani and coccygeus muscles c. obturator internus and levator ani muscles d. piriformis and iliopsoas muscles

c. adenocarcinoma

What is the most common form of endometrial carcinoma? a. cystadenocarcinoma b. Krukenberg Tumor c. adenocarcinoma d. squamous cell carcinoma

d. hematocolpos

A 13-year-old girl presents to the sonography department with a history of cyclic pain, abdominal swelling, and amenorrhea. Sonographically, you visualize an enlarged uterus and a distended vagina that contain anechoic fluid with debris. What is most likely the diagnosis? a. cervical stenosis b. adenomyosis c. endometriosis d. hematocolpos

d. yolk sac tumor

A patient with an ovarian mass presents with an elevated serum AFP. Which of the following would be the most likely? a. ovarian fibroma b. ovarian thecoma c. cystic teratoma d. yolk sac tumor

a. menormetrorrhagia

Abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual flow between periods is termed: a. menometrorrhagia b. menarche c. menorrhagia d. dysmenorrhea

b. paraovarian cyst

All of the following adnexal masses may appear sonographically similar to a uterine leiomyoma except: a. thecoma b. paraovarian cyst c. fibroma d. granulosa cell tumor

d. Asherman Syndrome

All of the following are associated with acute pelvic pain except: a. pelvic inflammatory disease b. ruptured ovarian hemorrhagic cyst c. perforated intrauterine contraceptive device d. Asherman Syndrome

a. myometrial cysts

All of the following are clinical findings associated with leiomyoma except: a. myometrial cysts b. infertility c. palpable pelvic mass d. menorrhagia

d. thickened endometrium

All of these are clinical findings with endometrial hyperplasia except: a. obesity b. PCOS c. abnormal uterine bleeding d. thickened endometrium

b. radial artery

Both the straight and spiral arteries are branches of the: a. common iliac artery b. radial artery c. arcuate artery d. external iliac artery

a. previous intrauterine device use

Causes of female infertility include all of the following except: a. previous intrauterine device use b. polycystic ovary syndrome c. Asherman syndrome d. endometriosis

c. uterus didelphys

Congenital malformation of the uterus that results in complete duplication of the genital tract is: a. unicornuate uterus b. bicornis bicollis c. uterus didelphys d. subseptate uterus

a. late proliferative

During which phase of the endometrial cycle would the endometrium yield the three-line sign? a. late proliferative b. early proliferative c. early secretory d. late secretory

c. endometrial atrophy

Endometrial hyperplasia may be caused by all of the following except: a. HRT b. ERT c. endometrial atrophy d. Tamoxifen

d. coronary heart disease

Endometrial polyps are associated with all of the following except: a. intermenstrual bleeding b. Tamoxifen therapy c. prolapse through the cervix d. coronary heart disease

a. glutaraldehyde

Endovaginal transducers may be cleaned by submerging in a(n)-_________ based solution. a. glutaraldehyde b. ascites c. formaldehyde d. alcohol

d. anterior pituitary gland

FSH is produced by the: a. ovary b. endometrium c. hypothalamus d. anterior pituitary gland

a. clinical findings of gallbladder disease as a result of PID

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome could be described as: a. clinical findings of gallbladder disease as a result of PID b. the presence of uterine fibroids and adenomyosis in the gravid uterus c. coexisting intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancies d. the presence of pyosalpinx, hydrosalpinx, and endometritis

d. the measurement from the basal layer to the basal layer

Measurement of the endometrium should include: a. the uterine cavity only b. the deep myometrial echoes and both basal laeyrs c. the distance from the basal layer to the functional layer d. the measurement from the basal layer to the basal layer

b. high resistant during menstruation and low resistant at the time of ovulation

Normal ovarian flow is said to be: a. low resistant during menstruation and high resistant during the proliferative phase b. high resistant during menstruation and low resistant at the time of ovulation c. low resistant d. high resistant

a. ovarian torsion

Patients with OHS are at increased risk for: a. ovarian torsion b. chlamydia c. gonorrhea d. vaginitis

d. adnexa

Peritoneal spaces located posterior to the broad ligament are referred to as the: a. rectouterine spaces b. anterior cul-de-sacs c. lateral cul-de-sacs d. adnexa

d. reduction in endometrial cancer risk

Possible benefits of ERT include all of the following except: a. reduction in osteoporosis risk b. reduction in colon cancer risk c. reduction in heart disease risk d. reduction in endometrial cancer risk

a. cardinal ligament

The ligament that houses the vasculature of the uterus is the: a. cardinal ligament b. ovarian ligament c. broad ligament d. suspensory ligament of the ovary

d. endometrioma

Which of the following is a tumor of ectopic endometrial tissue: a. Brenner tumor b. cystic teratoma c. yolk sac tumor d. endometrioma

c. cystic mass with low-level echoes

A 25-year-old patient presents to the sonography department complaining of pelvic pain, dyspareunia, and oligomenorrhea. An ovarian mass thought to be a chocolate cyst, is noted during the examination. Which of the following is consistent with the sonographic appearance of a chocolate cyst? a. simple-appearing anechoic mass b. echogenic mass with posterior shadowing c. cystic mass with low-level echoes d. anechoic mass with posterior shadowing

d. ectopic pregnancy

A 35-year-old patient presents to the sonography department with a history of tubal ligation and positive pregnancy test. What condition should be highly suspected? a. Asherman syndrome b. PCOS c. endometriosis d. ectopic pregnancy

a. serous cystadenocarcinoma

A 55-year-old patient presents to the sonography department with a history of pelvic pressure, abdominal swelling, and abnormal uterine bleeding. A pelvic sonogram reveals a large, multiloculated cystic mass with a papillary projections. What is most likely diagnosis? a. serous cystadenocarcinoma b. cystic teratoma c. androblastoma d. dysgerminoma

c. endometrial atrophy

A 68-year-old patient presents to the sonography department complaining of vaginal bleeding, The most likely cause of her bleeding is: a. endometrial carcinoma b. endometrial polyps c. endometrial atrophy d. endometrial fibroids

b. uterine adhesions

A patient presents to the sonography department with a fever, chills, and vaginal discharge. Sonographically, what findings would you most likely not encounter? a. Cul-de-sac fluid b. uterine adhesions c. dilated uterine tubes d. ill-defined uterine border

c. 5 mm

An 84-year-old patient presents to the sonography department with sudden onset of vaginal bleeding. Her endometrium should not exceed: a. 6 mm b. 8 mm c. 5 mm d. 3 mm

b. 8 mm

An asymptomatic 65-year-old patient presents to the sonography department with pelvic pain but no vaginal bleeding. Her endometrial thickness should not exceed: a. 6 mm b. 8 mm c. 5 mm d. 3 mm

b. 8

Precocious puberty is defined as the development of pubic hair, breasts, and the genitals before the age of: a. 13 b. 8 c. 5 d. 10

b. levator ani and coccygeus muscles

Prolapse of the pelvic organs most often involves the: a. rectus abdominis and obturator internus muscles b. levator ani and coccygeus muscles c. obturator internus and levator ani muscles d. piriformis and iliopsoas muscle

d. brain tumor

Pseudoprecocious puberty may be associated with all of the following except: a. ovarian tumor b. adrenal tumor c. liver tumor d. brain tumor

d. oliguria

Sonographic findings of OHS include all of the following except: a. cystic enlargement of the ovaries b. ascites c. pleural effusions d. oliguria

b. thin, hyperechoic endometrium

Sonographic findings of the endometrium in a patient with a history of PID, fever, and elevated white blood cell count would include all of the following except: a. ring-down artifact posterior to the endomtrium b. thin, hyperechoic endometrium c. endometrial fluid d. thickened, irregular endometrium

a. cystic changes within a thickened endometrium

Tamoxifen effects on the endometrium will sonographically appear as: cystic changes within a thickened endometrium b. cystic areas within a thin endometrium c. thin endometrium d. no apparent effect on endometrial thickness or appearance

c. endometrial leiomyoma

Tamoxifen has been linked with all of the following except: a. endometrial polyps b. endometrial hyperplasia c. endometrial leiomyoma d. endometrial carcinoma

d. vesicouterine pouch

The anterior cul-de-sac is also referred to as the: a. space of retzius b. rectouterine pouch c. pouch of douglas d. vesicouterine pouch

b. spiral arteries

The arteries that directly supply blood to the functional layer of the endometrium are the: a. radial arteries b. spiral arteries c. straight arteries d. arcuate arteries

d. spiral arteries

The arteries within the functional layer of the endometrium that are altered by the hormones of the ovary and are shed with menstruation are the: a. arcuate arteries b. radial arteries c. straight arteries d. spiral arteries

d. proliferative phase

The first phase of the endometrial cycle is the: a. secretory phase b. follicular phase c. luteal phase d. proliferative phase

d. left renal vein

The left ovarian vein drains directly into the: a. right renal vein b. inferior vena cava c. aorta d. left renal vein

c. 4 to 8 mm

The measurement of the endometrium during the early proliferative phase ranges from: a. 6 to 10 mm b. 8 to 12 mm c. 4 to 8 mm d. 1 to 2 mm

b. endometrial atrophy

The most common cause of postmenopausal bleeding is: a. endometrial carcinoma b. endometrial atrophy c. endometrial leiomyoma d. cervical carcinoma

c. endometrial carcinoma

The most common female genital tract malignancy is: a. ovarian carcinoma b. cervical carcinoma c. endometrial carcinoma d. PID

c. vaginitis

The most common initial clinical presentation of PID is: a. endometritis b. tubo-ovarian abscess c. vaginitis d. pyosalpinx

b. curettage

The removal of tissue from the endometrium by scraping is termed: a. dilatation b. curettage c. sonohysterography d. squamous cell carcinoma

d. variable depending on the menstrual cycle

The sonographic appearance of a 59-year-old woman on HRT is: a. hypoechoic and thickened b. hyperechoic and thickened c. cystic areas within a thickened endometrium d. variable depending upon the menstrual cycle

d. salpingitis

The sonographic evidence of a hyperemic fallopian tube is consistent with: a. pyosalpinx b. hydrosalpinx c. endometritis d. salpingitis

a. diffuse thickening of the endometrium

The sonographic findings of an endometrial polyp may include: a. diffuse thickening of the endometrium b. menometrorrhagia c. intermenstrual bleeding d. infertility

b. rectum

The uterine arteries supply blood to all of the following except: a. fallopian tubes b. rectum c. ovaries d. uterus

b. subserosal

Upon sonographic evaluation of a patient complaining of abnormal distention, you visualize a large, hypoechoic mass distorting he anterior border of the uterus. What is the most likely location of this mass? a. intramural b. subserosal c. submucosal d. intracavitary pedunculated

c. progesterone

What hormone maintains the thickness of the endometrium after ovulation? a. LH b. estrogen c. progesterone d. FSH

c. estrogen

What hormone plays a major role in the symptoms associated with menopause? a. hCG b. LH c. estrogen d. CA-120

b. hyperechoic and thick

What is the typical sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the secretory phase? a. anechoic and thin b. hyperechoic and thick c. hypoechoic and thin d. echogenic basil layer and hypoechoic functional layer

c. CA-125

What is used as a tumor marker for endometrial carcinoma? a. CR-124 b. CE-125 c. CA-125 d. CA-45

a. ERT

What would increase a patient's likelihood of suffering from thromboembolism? a. PCOS b. ERT c. endometrial carcinoma d. endometrial atrophy

b. pelvic inflammatory disease

Which of the following could be described as an infection of the female genital tract that may involve the ovaries, uterus, and/or the fallopian tubes? a. pseudomyxoma peritonei b. pelvic inflammatory disease c. polycystic ovarian disease d. ovarian torsion

d. cystic enlargement of the ovaries

Which of the following does not occur as a result of menopause? a. uterine atrophy b. decreased sexual libido c. accumulation of fat in the breasts d. cystic enlargement of the ovaries

d. progesterone

Which of the following hormones is released by the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle? a. LH b. FSH c. hCG d. progesterone

a. amenorrhea

Which of the following is typically not a clinical complaint of women whoa re suffering from adenomyosis? a. amenorrhea b. dysmenorrhea c. dyspareunia d. menometorrhagia

a. lactate dehydrogenase

Which of the following laboratory tests may be used as a tumor marker for an ovarian dysgerminoma? a. lactate dehydrogenase b. alpha-fetoprotein c. cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) d. tamoxifen

c. thecoma

Which of the following ovarian tumors would be most likely to cause postmenopausal bleeding? a. cystic teratoma b. endometrioma c. thecoma d. fibroma

d. septate uterus

Which of the following would be considered them ore common uterine anomaly? a. bicornis univernus b. bicornis bicollis c. uterine didelphys d. septate uterus

d. polycystic ovarian disease

Which of the following would be the least likely to cause abdominal distension? a. ascites b, multiple leiomyoma c. ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome d. polycystic ovarian disease

d. adenomyosis

Which of the following would typically not be associated with amenorrhea? a. Asherman Syndrome b. polycystic ovarian disease c. pregnancy d. adenomyosis

d. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

Which ovarian mass is associated with virilization? a. Krukenberg tumor b. cystic teratoma c. serous cystadenoma d. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

c. internal iliac artery

The uterine artery branches off of the: a. abdominal aorta b. uterine plexus c. internal iliac artery d. external iliac artery

d. submucosal leiomyoma

A 31-year-old patient presents to the sonography department for a saline infusion sonohysterogram complaining of intermenstrual bleeding and infertility. Sonographically, a mass is demonstrated from the myometrium and distorting the endometrial cavity. What is most likely the diagnosis? a. endometrial polyp b. endometrial carcinoma c. endometrial hyperplasia d. submucosal leiomyoma

a. the presence of 10 or more small cysts along the periphery of the ovaries

All of the following are sonographic findings of a tubo-ovarian abscess except: a. the presence of 10 or more small cysts along the periphery of the ovaries b. cul-de-sac fluid c. thickened, irregular endometrium d. fusion of the pelvic organs as a conglomerated mass

a. dysgerminoma

The ovarian tumor associated with an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase is the: a. dysgerminoma b. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor c. andoblastoma d. mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

b. pouch of douglas

What is considered the most dependent portion of the peritoneal cavity? a. space of retzius b. anterior cul-de-sac c. pouch of douglas d. rectovessicular pouch

d. asherman synderome

Which of the following is not associated with endometrial hyperplasia? a. Tamoxifen therapy b. PCOS c. ovarian thecoma d. asherman syndrome

d. 5 mm

With endometrial atrophy, the endometrial thickness should not exceed: a. 6 mm b. 3 mm c. 8 mm d. 5 mm

b. hydrometrocolpos

Anechoic fluid noted distending the uterus and vagina within a pediatric patient is termed: a. hydrocolpos b. hydrometrocolpos c. hydrometra d. hematometrocolpos

a. anteflexion

The uterine position in which the corpus tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix describes: a. anteflexion b. anteversion c. retroflexion d. retroversion

c. obturator internus muscle

The muscle located lateral to the ovaries is the: a. iliopsoas muscle b. recuts abdominis muscle c. obturator internus muscle d. piriformis muscle

b. theca lutein cyst

The ovarian cyst associated with gestational trophoblastic disease is the: a. corpus luteum cyst b. theca lutein cyst c. dermoid cyst d. paraovarian cyst

d. theca lutein cysts

The ovarian cysts that are most often bilateral and are associated with markedly elevated levels of hCG are the: a. corpus luteum cysts b. paraovarian cysts c. granulosa cell cysts d. theca lutein cysts

d. Mullerian ducts

The paired embryonic ducts that develop into the female urogenital tract are the: a. fallopian ducts b. Wolffian ducts c. gartner ducts d. Mullerian ducts

a. iliopsoas muscles

The paired muscles that are located lateral to the uterus and anterior to the iliac crest are the: a. iliopsoas msucles b. rectus abdominis muscles c. obturator interni muscles d. piriformis muscle

a. broad ligament

The pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis is the: a. broad ligament b. ovarian ligament c. piriformis ligament d. round ligamet

d. suspensory ligament of the ovary

The pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary to the pelvic side wall is the: a. cardinal ligament b. ovarian ligament c. broad ligament d. suspensory ligament of the ovary

d. arcuate arteries

The peripheral arteries of the uterus are the: a. radial arteries b. spiral arteries c. straight arteries d. arcuate arteries

d. hematocrit

What laboratory value would be most useful to evaluate in a patient with suspected internal hemorrhage? a. white blood cells b. lactate dehydrogenase c. amylase d. hematocrit

d. retropubic space

What other term is used to describe the space of Retzius? a. posterior cul-de-sac b. anterior cul-de-sac c. murphy pouch d. retropubic space

c. Krukenberg tumor

What ovarian tumor will most likely have a moth-eaten appearance on sonography? a. cystic teratoma b. serous cystadenocarcinoma c. Krukenberg tumor d. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

b. isthmus

What section of the uterus is also referred to as the lower uterine segment? a. cervix b. isthmus c. fundus d. cornu

c. ovary

What structure produces hormones that directly act upon the endometrium to produce varying thicknesses and sonographic appearances? a. hypothalamus b. adrenal gland c. ovary d. uterus

c. hypoechoic

When the sonographic three-line sign is present, the functional layer of the endometrium typically appears: a. anechoic b. echogenic c. hypoechoic d. complex

c. estrogen

Which hormone released by the ovary during the proliferative phase stimulates endometrial thickening? a. FSH b. LH c. estrogen d. progesterone

b. the area located posterior to the broad ligaments and adjacent to the uterus

Which of the following definitions best describes the term adnexa? a. the area posterior to the uterus, between the uterus and rectum b. the area located posterior to the broad ligaments and adjacent to the uterus c. the area anterior to the uterus, between the uterus and urinary bladder d. the area lateral to the iliac crest and posterior to the pubic symphysis

b. nuclear medicine

Which of the following diagnostic tests is used to evaluate emitted radiation from the patient to assess the function of organs? a. magnetic resonnace imaging b. nuclear medicine c. radiology d. computed tomography

c. thecoma

Which of the following is an estrogen-producing ovarian tumor? a. cystic teratoma b. fibroma c. thecoma d. endometrioma

a. ovarian torsion

Which of the following is associated with the "whirlpool sign"? a. ovarian torsion b. hydrosalpinx c. ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome d. ovarian carcinoma

d. metrorrhagia

Which of the following is best defined as intermenstrual bleeding? a. dysmenorrhea b. menorrhagia c. menometrorrhagia d. metrorrhagia

b. polycystic ovary syndrome

Which of the following is said to be a common cause of DUB? a. hirsutism b. polycystic ovary syndrome c. fibroids d. pelvic inflammatory disease

b. serous cystadenocarcinoma

Which of the following is the most common malignancy of the ovary? a. cystic teratoma b. serous cystadenocarcinoma c. Krukenberg tumor d. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

b. menorrhagia

Which of the following would be best defined as abnormally heavy menstrual flow? a. menometrorrhagia b. menorrhagia c. metrorrhagia d. hypomenorrhea

d. reverberation

Which of the following would be caused by a large acoustic interface and subsequent production of false echoes? a. posterior shadowing b. acoustic enhancement c. mirror image d. reverberation

b. rapid growth

Which of the following would be most indicative of a leiomyosarcoma? a. vaginal bleeding b. rapid growth c. dysuria d. large hypoechoic mass