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The uterine artery branches of the
Internal Iliac Artery
The pelvic muscle group that is located between the coccyx and the pubis is the
Levator ani muscle
True pelvis is delineated from the false pelvis by the
Linea terminalis
The muscle located lateral to the ovaries is the
Obturator internus muscle
The bilateral muscles that are located posterior to and extend from the sacrum to the femoral greater trochanter are the
Piriformis Muscle
Pelvic bones, when visualized on sonography will produce
Posterior shadowing
Another name for rectouterine pouch is
Pouch of Douglas
The arteries that directly supply blood to the functional layer of the endometrium are the
Spiral Arteries
Anterior cul de sac is also known as
Vesicouterine pouch
what is adenomyoma
a focal mass of adenomyosis
What is daughter cyst
a small cyst within a large cyst
imperforate hymen
a vaginal anomaly in which the hymen has no opening
menorrhagia
abnormally heavy and prolonged menstruation
What is dermoid cyst
also known as cystic teratoma
what is fibroma
an ovarian sex-corf stromal tumor found in middle-aged women
what is Chocolate cysts
another name for endometriomas
isthmus uterus
area of the uterus between the corpus and the cervix
radial arteries
arteries that supply to the deeper layers of myometrium
hematometra
blood accumulation within the uterine cavity
spiral arteries
coiled arteries that supply blood to the functional layer of the enometrium
agenesis
failure of an organ to grow during embryologic development
What is Cilia
hairlike projections within the fallopian tubes
What is Levator ani muscle
hammock-shaped pelvic muscle group located between coccyx and pubis consisting of the iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, and puborectalis.
menometrorrhagia
heavy and prolonged bleeding between periods
What is follicle-stimulating horomone
hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that causes developement of multiple follicles on the ovaries
intramural fibroid
location of leiomyoma within the myometrium of the uterus
what is dermoid mesh
mass of hair within a cystic teratoma
What is follicular cyst
ovarian cyst that forms from the failure of the grafiaan follicle to ovulate
dysuria
painful or difficult urination
dyspareunia
painful sexual intercourse
obturator Internus muscles
paired pelvic muscles located lateral to the ovaries
What is cardinal ligament
pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral surface of the cervix to the lateral fornix of vagina and houses the uterine vasculature
suspensory ligament of the ovary
pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary and extends from the ovaries to the pelvic side walls
ovarian ligament
pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary extends from the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus
What is Coccygeus muscle
pelvic muscle located posteriorly within the pelvis that helps support the sacrum
vesicouterine pouch
peritoneal outpoouching located between the bladder and the uterus. aka anterior cul-de-sac
rectouterine pouch
peritoneal outpouching located between the uterus and rectum aka posterior cul-de-sac or Pouch of douglas
What is Corpus luteum cyst
physiologic cyst that develops after ovulation has occured
What is Brenner tumors
small benign ovarian tumors
what is cumulus oophorus
structure contains the developing oocyte
hysterectomy
surgical removal of the uterus
what is adenomyosis
the benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus
What is Corpus Luteum of pregnancy
the corpus luteum that is maintained during an early pregnancy for the purpose of producing estrogen and progesterone
what is fimbria
the finger-like extension of the fallopian tube located on the infundibulum
what is endoderm
the germ cell layer if the embryo that develops into the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts
external os
the inferior portion of the cervix in close contact with the vagina
functional layer of endometrium
the inner layer of the endometrium that is altered by the hormones of the menstrual cycle
What is Ampulla
the longest and most tortuous segment of the fallopian tubes
leiomyosarcoma
the malignant manifestation of leiomyoma
bicornuate uterus
the most common uterine anomaly in which the endometrium divides into two horns. also known as bicornis unicolis
basal layer of endometrium
the non functional outer layer of the endometrium
what is ectoderm
the outer germ cell layer of the embryo that develops onto the skin, hair, and nails, and other structures
What is Corpus Albicans
the remaining structure of the corpus luteum after its deterioration
cervix
the rigid region of the uterus located between the isthmus and vagina
internal os
the superior portion of the cervix closest to the isthmus
lower uterine segment
the term used for the isthmus of the uterus during pregnancy
anteversion
the typical version of the uterus where the body tilts forward, forming 90 degree angle with the cervix
anteflexion
the uterine body tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix , forming an acute angle between body and cervix
straight arteries
uterine radial artery branch that supplies blood to the basal layer of the endometrium
what is cystic teratoma
A benign ovarian mass that is composed of the three germ cell layers also referred as dermoid cyst
What is Human chorionic gonadotropin
A hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta; may also be used as a tumor marker in nongravid patients and males
The right ovarian artery branches off the
Aorta
The peripheral arteries of the uterus are the
Arcuate arteries
The pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis is the
Broad Ligament
The ligament that houses the vasculature of the uterus is the
Cardinal Ligament
Pelvic muscle appears
Hypoechoic
Right ovarian vein drains into
IVC
The paired muscles that are located lateral to the uterus and anterior to the iliac crest are the
Iliopsoas muscle
Leiomyosarcoma
Is the malignant counterpart of leiomyoma and characterized by a rapid increase in growth and more commonly found in menopausal or postmenopausal women.
Pouch of Douglas
Space posterior to the uterus
Cervical Carcinoma
The most common malignancy in younger women.
Glutaraldehyde
Used to soak endovaginal probe as disinfectant
Clinical findings of Adenomyosis are
Uterine enlargement, Dysmenorrhea Menometrorrhagia, Pelvic pain Dyspareunia Multiparous
Fluid noted anterior to the uterus would most likely be located within the
Vesicouterine Pouch
Gartner duct cyst
a benign cyst located within the vagina
leiomyoma uterine
a benign, smooth muscle tumor of the uterus; aka fibroid or uterine myoma
What is hemorrhagic cyst
a cyst that contains blood
what is gestational trophoblastic disease
a disease associated with an abnormal proliferation of the trophoblastic cells during pregnancy; may also be referred to as molar pregnancy
diethylstilbestrol or DES
a drug administered to pregnant women used during 1940's to treat threatened abortions and premature labor that has been linked with uterine malformation in the exposed fetus
What is ovarian torsion
an abnormality that results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection, consequently cutting of the blood supply to the ovary
what is sebum
an oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands
What is sonohysterography
an ultrasound procedure that uses saline instillation into the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities
What is Meigs syndrome
ascites and pleural effusion in the presence of a benign ovarian tumor
Thecoma
benign ovarian sex-cord stromal tumor that produces estrogen in older women
what is endometrioma
benign, blood-containing tumor that forms from the implantation of ectopic endometrial tissue and is associated with endometriosis
What is iliopsoas Muscle
bilateral muscle located lateral to the uterus and anterior to iliac crest
hematocolpos
blood accumulation within the vagina
What is hematosalpinx
blood within the fallopian tube
uterine arteries
branches of the internal iliac artery that supply blood to the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes
Nabothian Cyst
common findings on routine ultrasound. Benign cyst within the cervix and typically assymptomatic and may be multiple.
what is peristalsis
contrations that move in a wavelike pattern to propel a substance
Gartner duct cyst
cyst within the vagina that appears as anechoic mass within the vagina.
"tip of the iceberg" sign
denotes the sonographic appearance of a cystic teratoma (dermoid) when only the anterior element of the mass is seen, while the greater part of the mass is obscured by shadowing
what is Lysis
destruction or breaking down
Malignant degeneration
developing into cancer
Hirsutism
excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair growth is normally negligible
What is hyperemesis
excessive vomiting
hematometrocolpos
fluid accumulation within the uterus and vagina
What is endometriosis
functional ectopic endometrial tissue located outside of the uterus
What is Theca Lutein Cysts
functional ovarian cysts that are found in the presence of elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin; also referred to as a theca luteal cyst
What is multiloculated
having more than one internal cavity
linea terminalis
imaginary line that separates the true pelvis from the false pelvis
what is pelvic inflammatory disease
infection of the female genital tract that may involve the ovaries, uterus, and/or the fallopian tubes
what is pseudomyxoma peritonei
intraperitoneal extension of mucin-secreting cells that results from the rupture of a malignant mucinous ovarian tumor or possibly a malignant tumor of the appendix
pedunculated uterine leiomyoma
leiomyoma or also known as fibroid that extends from the uterus on a stalk
What is yolk sac tumor
malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary
What is Sex cord-dtromal tumors
ovarian tumors that arise from the gonadal ridges
What is Mittleschmerz
pain at the time of ovulation
arcuate arteries
peripheral arteries of the uterus that lie at the edge of the myometrium
what is pseudoprecocious puberty
secondary sexual development induced by sex steroids or from other sources like ovarian tumors, adrenal tumors, or steroid use
what is oogenesis
the creation of an ovum
what is pyosalpinx
the presence of pus within the fallopian tube
cornua of uterus
the uterine body
what is Isthmus
tube or narrowing segment
Leiyomayoma or Fibroids
Benign, smooth muscle tumor of the uterus and one of the leading cause of hysterectomy and surgery
The space of Retzuis is located
Between the bladder and Pubic bones
what is virilization
Changes within the female that are caused by increased androgens that may lead to deepening of the voice and hirsutism
The in nominate bones of the pelvis consist of
Ischium, ilium, and pubic bones
Lactate Dehydrogenase
Laboratory test that is used as a tumor marker for an Ovarian Dysgerminoma
Peritoneal space located posterior to the broad ligament are referred to as
Lateral Cul-de-sacs
Left ovarian vein drains to?
Left renal vein
Weakening of these muscles may lead to prolapse
Levator ani and coccygeaus muscle
The muscle that may be confused with the ovaries on a pelvic sonogram include the
Obturator internus and levator ani muscles
The pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary and extends from the lateral surface of the ovary to the uterus is the
Ovarian Ligament
The ovary is supplied blood by the
Ovarian artery and Uterine Artery
Clinical findings of Leiomyosarcoma
Pelvic pressure, Menorrhagia, Palpable abdominal mass, enlarged or bulky uterus Urinary frequency, dysuria, constipation, infertility
Precocious Puberty
Pubertal development before the age of eight and has been linked with ovarian, adrenal, and liver tumors.
intracavitary fibroid
a leiomyoma located within the uterine cavity
What is septations
a partition separating two or more cavities
What is hyterosalpingography
a radiographic procedure that uses a dye instilled into the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities
what is papillary projections
a small protrusion of tissue
What is ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
a syndrome resulting from hyperstimulation of the ovaries by the fertility drugs; results in the development of multiple, enlarged follicular cysts
What is germ cell tumor
a type of neoplasm derived from germ cells of the gonads; may also be found outside of the reproductive tract
True Pelvis
inferior portion of the pelvis that contains the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, urinary bladder, small bowel, sigmoid colon, and rectum
what is salpingitis
inflammation of the fallopian tubes
what is peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneal lining
What is Krukenberg tumor
malignant ovarian tumor that metastasizes from the gastrointestinal tract
What is Sertoli-Leyding cell tumor
malignant sex-cord stromal ovarian neoplasm that is associated with virilization
fundus of uterus
most superior and widest portion of the uterus
Isthmus if the uterus
narrowing segment located between the corpus and the cervix
what is isthmus of the fallopian tube
narrowing segment located between the interstitial and ampulla
rectus abdominis muscles
paired anterior abdominal muscles that extends from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic bone
mullerian ducts
paired embryonic duct that develop into the female urogenital tract
Piriformis muscle
paired pelvic muscles located posteriorly that extends from the sacrum to the femoral greater trochanter
what is dermoid plug
part of a dermoid tumor that contains various tissue and may produce a posterior shadowing during a sonographic examination
Broad ligament
pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis
broad ligaments
pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis
What is Corpus Luteum
temporary endocrine gland that results from the rupture of the Grafiaan follicle after ovulation
what is hydrosalpinx
the abnormal accumulation of fluid within the fallopian tube
amenorrhea
the absence of menstrual period
Adnexa
the area located posterior to the broad ligaments and adjacent to the uterus
What is Adnexa
the area located posterior to the broad ligaments, adjacent to the uterus, which contains the ovaries and fallopian tubes
What is infundibulum
the distal segment if the fallopian tubes
What is mesoderm
the germ cell layer of the embryo that develops into the circulatory system, muscles, reproductive system, and other structures
Adenomyosis
the invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium. May be focal or diffuse and typically found posterior portion of the uterus. Also, affects mostly older and multiparous women.
Grafiaan follicle
the name for the dominant follicle prior to ovulation
what is ovulation
the release of the mature egg from the ovary
What is interstitial
the segment of the fallopian tube that lies within the uterine horn or cornu
what is ovarian cystectomy
the surgical removal of an ovarian cyst
What is Serum Lactate dehydrogenase
tumor marker that is elevated in the presence of an ovarian dysgerminoma and other abdominal abnormalities