Halloran 310 FINAL EXAM PREP

Douglas Sirk

1. 'lush weepies' = melodramas lavishly shot in Technicolor & widescreen 2. visual sophistication + smartly used formula as platform to speak out about racism 3. inspiration for many contemporary films

The Hollywood Blacklist

1. 1947: House Committee on UnAmerican Activities (HUAC) subpoenaed 19 studio employees in suspicion of Communism (influence) in Hollywood a. feared Communist influence and infiltration b. distrust & dislike of Hollywood and the Jews who committee members believed owned and ran movie business

The Battle over the VCR

1. 1980. 2. Disney and Universal filed a lawsuit against Sony. 3. Feared their copyrighted material might be freely copied by consumers with no compensation to studios. 4. Citing free and fair trade, they wanted $100 per VCR sold and $1 to every cassette sold. 5. Case thrown out- Sony not responsible for what consumers do with product. Studios decided to rent and sell tapes to increase profits.

New Exhibition Formats and Technologies

1. 1990 stadium seating to fit more people comfortably. 2. IMAX - was for scenery/nature clips, but soon feature films were made for the format 3. Internet and online pirating changed distribution and copyright infringement laws

B Movies for the Drive-in Generation (257-258)

1. After the release of 1954-1955 teenage movies, B-movie units targeted towards teenagers were being made cheaply and quickly by the studios. They were displayed in drive-in screens where the main audience were teenagers. Studios didn't take teenage movies seriously until The Graduate (1967) was released. 2. wild-youth films, drugs-lead-girls-to-ruin films, cautionary melodramas, bad-girl films, california beach-culture, cautionary anti-drug melodrama. 3. 1956-1967 teen movie veered from serious to sensational, from the sublime to ridiculous

Independent Women Directors -

1. Allison Anders and Nancy Savoca made films about young woman at the brink of adulthood. 2. Other woman directors: Martha Coolidge, Amy Herkling, Kathryn Bigelow.

List of Films: 1970-1980

1. Apocalypse Now 2. Star Wars: A New Hope 3. American Graffiti 4. The Godfather 1 and 2 5. Deep Throat 6. Behind the Green Door 7. The Devil in Miss Jones 8. The Taxi Driver 9. MASH 10. A Clockwork Orange 11. Animal House

Joel Silver

1. Auteur producer of action-adventure films. (359-363) 2. personified the action-adventure films and updated the formula for the '80's and '90's. 3. buff male star with considerable expertise taking on a cartel or conspiracy. hero fights back by running wild involving deadly force outside the boundaries of the law. tries to win by any means necessary. 4. his films follow a time signature, action sequences come at prescribed at intervals. 5. was a NY University film-school graduate who began his career working with the independent producer Lawrence Gordon. 6. With Gordon he produced some of the first large action films. 7. After splitting with Gordon he produced a string of hugely successful action films, all bearing his signature auteur style. 8. Started with James Bond and developed over time and featured many different trends. The biggest tropes through the 80's and 90's featured buff, violent male leads.

David Lynch

1. Became critically successful after Elephant Man (1980) and succeeded that film with Blue Velvet (1986). 2. Movies resembled dreams compared to a narrative structure.

Independents and Independence

1. Big studios added indie labels to corporate roster. 2. Miramax created by Weinstein brothers and parted from Disney in 2005. 3. Focus Features part of Universal. Created films with a range of auteur pictures (Tarantino, Aronofsky, Nolan, Sofia Coppola) and genres. 4. A-list actors liked indie films so they could showcase talent by playing against type. (Halle Barry)

List of Films: 1960-1970

1. Bonnie and Clyde 2. The Graduate 3. Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf

Spike Lee

1. Came onto the scene with his film She's Gotta Have it (1986) and then became famous after Do the Right Thing (1989). 2. Made it possible for other black filmmakers to make films of their own.

List of Films: 1940-1950

1. Citizen Kane 2. Magnificent Andersons

The Wild One

1. Columbia Pictures, Laszlo Benedek, 1953 (251-253) 2. first financially successful studio-made film targeting the youth audience. 3. structured like a western: the bad, uncivilized guys ride into a town populated by weak, civilized adults. 4. The Wild One celebrates the very outlaw behavior it tries to condemn because of Marlon Brando.

The Astonishing Popularity of Pornography

1. Deep Throat, Behind the Green Door, and The Devil in Miss Jones were three hard-core films that challenged the took Valenti by surprise. They were incredibly popular. 2. The studios pressured Valenti to make a X-rating but Valenti felt it was unnecessary.

Release Strategies

1. Dependence on market research in development stage of a film. 2. key to successful opening weekend is the quality executives call marketability (picture sold in advance) 3. only 16% of revenue generated by theater. 84% by domestic home video, foreign theatrical box office, foreign home video, domestic television, and merchandising.

Easy Rider

1. Directed by Dennis Hopper. 2. Stars Peter Fonda. 3. Helped viewers sympathize counterculture heroes. 4. used handheld, non actors (usually residents), unscripted dialogue which made the conflict more terrifying and ending more inevitable

Chinatown

1. Directed by Polanski and was hugely successful. 2. 11 oscar nominations. 3. Prototypical studio auteur film with A-list production and cast.

American Genre Cinema (1965-1982): The Ultraviolent Western

1. Directed mostly by Peckinpah who chose to portray violence as gritty and realistic rather than dramatized. 2. Two big films are The Wild Bunch and Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid (1973)

Peter Bogdanovich

1. Director of The Last Picture Show and Paper Moon after which his career was killed by rumors and box office bombs.

Science Fiction

1. Enjoyed a renaissance brought on by Star Wars in the 80's. The most popular were Blade Runner (1982) and Alien (1979). 2. offer profound political and social commentary with an eye not only to the future but on the present as well.

John Wayne

1. First big role was in John Ford's film Stagecoach (1939).(249) 2. gained his fame when he was in his 40's to 67. 3. most memorable performances were a hero on his last legs, and the realization of a West that changes without them. 4. his performances spoke profoundly to the western's essential nostalgia and the genre's focus on rugged American masculinity.(250)

Terrence Malick

1. First film was Badlands (1973) followed by Days of Heaven (1978). 2. Very reclusive director.

American Genre Cinema (1965-1982): The New American Horror Film

1. First important new horror film, Rosemary's Baby (Roman Polanski). 2. Revitalized by two directors: Brian De Palma (Carrie) and John Carpenter (Halloween)

Max Ophuls

1. German emigre 2. known for Letter from Unknown Woman (1948) and Caught (1949)--melodrama of unusual quality and style; darker than most women's picture of the time, featured Ophul's penchant for camera movement used by Martin Scorsese and Robert Altman

John Carpenter:

1. Halloween (1978) 2. established the link between sex and violence in horror.

List of Films: 1980-1990

1. Heaven's Gate 2. E.T 3. Indiana Jones 4. Back to the Future 5. Star Wars Sequels 5,6 6. Terminator 1 7. Raging Bull 8. Die Hard 9. Star Trek 10. Do the Right Thing 11. Pee Wee's Big Adventure

The Box Office Recovery

1. Hollywood producers running out of ideas lead to the new generation or directors and storytellers 2. modest family pictures appealed to youth audience topical with a sense of political edge. 3. Paramount and the Godfather changed the studio system.

What were the house votes?

1. House votes 346 to 17, indict Hollywood Ten

The End of Cinema As We Know It (1999-2005)

1. In 1963 the French filmmaker Jean-Luc Godard famously remarked, "I await the end of cinema with optimism." 2. The Movies turned one hundred years old in the mid-1990s. 3. At the start of the twenty-first century, six companies-TIme Warner, Walt Disney, the News Corporation, Sony, Viacom, and General Electric-enjoyed more complete control of the entertainment industry than the 1930's era. 4. The motion-picture palace became a thing of the past, and in its place have emerged streamlined multiplexes with as many as twenty screens. 5. The most financially successful films have been those that speak of universal cine-language, a global language.

The Time Warner Merger

1. In April 1989, Time and Warner Communications announced their intention to merge. - 2. Despite attempts to block the merge by Paramount COmmunications, the merge was sealed in June 1989. - 3. Its wholly owned subsidiaries American Television COmmunications and Time Warner Cable made Time Warner the second largest cable provider in the nation. - 4. Merger that allowed for a massive expansion for advertisement and spurred a series of other mergers in its wake, such as Disney and ABC.

The Screen Actors Guild Strike

1. In the beginning of the 1980 fall season, SAG went on strike in order to try and obtain revenue from reruns of their shows and movies. 2. In a move later followed by other major studios, Universal locked out all of the major guilds. 3. It was a bold and effective strategy, sending SAG leadership into a panic. 4. The studios held fast and eventually SAG backed down.

Jack Valenti and the New MPAA

1. Jack Valenti was president of the MPAA and was challenged by Louis Nizer (a trial attorney that would, hopefully, change the existing code) with the movie Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966).(244-245) 2. With the release of the film the MPAA introduced another rating, For Mature Audiences designation, and labeled several movies afterwards.

Martin Scorsese

1. Known for his italian gangster films. 2. His first big one being Mean Streets. 3. Recognizable personal visual style: rough shot vignettes, dietetic music, jump cuts, camera movement to show creative geography. 4. Taxi Driver, Raging Bull

William Friedkin

1. Known for the French Connection and The Exorcist. 2. His career ended after he made the bomb: Cruising

Steven Spielberg

1. Made Jaws. 2. Together with Lucas helped form the blockbuster movie model.

Quentin Tarantino

1. Made films that dramatically departed from normal cinematic structure. 2. Resevoir Dogs and Pulp Fiction were his breakout films.

Stanley Kubrick

1. More prolific during the 60's and faded out after the renaissance. 2. Still made A Clockwork Orange, The Shining and Full Metal Jacket

Women Screenwriters

1. Most women during the postwar era were screenplay writers. (228-229) 2. a number of women wrote scripts for hard-edged films that featured the toughest of tough-guy heroes.

Movies vs. TV

1. Networks needed to sell a "product" to fill time, sponsor products, and gain audience attention. Studios were looking for a new way to synergize because the Paramount Decision disbanded vertical integration. (235,236) 2.. Studios offered their movies to networks (236)

Rebel Without a Cause

1. Nicholas Ray, 1955, (253-254) 2. shows that American teenagers are unwatched and misunderstood like the ones in The Wild Ones. 3. James Dean is handsome and charismatic but nonetheless lost and fascinated with death from the start of the film. This fascination is linked to his profound alienation, his seeming disgust at what his parents have made of the world he is poised to inherit.

The Kerkorian Case

1. On April 25, 1979, MGM chief executive Kirk Kerkorian sold 297,000 shares of his company's stock. 2. With the proceeds of the sale, he secured a $38-million loan, which he used to finance the purchase of a block of stock in a rival studio Columbia Pictures Industries (CPI). 3. On August 22, 1979, the court case that ruled Kirk Kerkorian was allowed to have a large stake in two rival movie studios. Used this leverage to become very very rich. 4. The movement of money was at times more compelling and dramatic than the films being filmed their.

Revisiting and Revising the Production Code

1. Otto Preminger directed two films that explicitly went against the PCA code and released the film still without a PCA seal and to the studios surprise, both films were hits. This caused the MPAA to revisit and revise the code.(239) 2. 27 Wagons Full of Cotton (Baby Doll) is worth mentioning during this time because it really challenged the PCA new code by displaying a southern child bride exchanges her vows for the promise of another older man. Elia Kazan was told to change the script so that it would end on a good note but he refused and the MPAA still gave it the PCA because they owed him for the Blacklist.(240-242)

List of Films: 2000-2010

1. Pearl Harbor 2. Harry Potter 3. Matrix sequels 4. Spiderman, X-men 5. Lord of the Rings 6. The Bourne Identity 7. Kill Bill

Comedy

1. Produced mainly as vehicles for comedians. 2. One of which was Pee-wee's Big Adventure (1985). 3. Others mostly included actors from SNL, and of course, Jim Carrey the most popular comedian of the 90's. 4. You've lived through the 90's I'm sure you know which comedies were good.

The Blackboard Jungle

1. Richard Brooks, 1955, MGM (255-257) 2. A film that convincingly focuses on juvenile delinquency in the inner city. Had censorship issues that MGM added a disclaimer that offered instructions on how to watch the film but it did not dilute the film's otherwise sensational treatments of juvenile delinquency in the urban jungle. 3. end message is that all kids can be reached through education and that education provides the single most direct ticket out of a life of poverty and desperation.

Twenty-First Century Auteurs

1. Shyamalan - 2 horror films: The Sixth Sense and Signs 2. Paul Thomas Anderson (Magnolia), 3. David Fincher (Fight Club), Spike Jonze, Doug Liman, Alexander Payne, David O. Russell. 4. Wes Anderson (comedies/American family life), 5. Sam Mendes (black comedy, American Beauty) 6. Robert Altman (The Player), 7. Martin Scorsese (Goodfellas, Casino, the Age of Innocence, The Aviator, The Departed) 8. Actors: Jim Carrey (comedy - Ace Ventura. Fall out when tried to be taken seriously), Julia Roberts (Pretty Woman), Mel Gibson.

List of Films: 1950-1960

1. Singin in the Rain 2. The Wild One 3. Rebel Without a Cause 4. Blackboard Jungle 5. The Garden of Eden 6. 27 Wagons Full of Cotton (Baby Doll) 7. The Moon is Blue 8. The Man with the Golden Arm 9. On the Waterfront

Genre: Film Noir

1. Spoke profoundly to postwar frustration, discomfort, and alienation. Pessimism, longing, and sense of loss and insecurity reside in the heart of film noir.

The Capitol Service Case

1. Studios needed to find a way to get around the exhibition regulations laid out in the 1948 Paramount decision. - 2. In 1985, with a Supreme Court case, United States v. Capitol Service, several theaters entered into a collusive agreement not to bid against one another. - 3. In industry parlance such a scheme is a split agreement. - 4. The theaters defended the split agreement by saying the schemes were necessary for their survival. - 5. But the court found in favor of the studios. - 6. By the end of 1987, ten companies controlled over 50 percent of the first-run showcase screens. - 7. The Paramount decision had become moot. Allowed Theatres to go into exhibition once again and own theatres.

The Big Hollywood Buy-Out

1. Studios were at a economic downfall mostly because of the Blacklist and the Paramount Decision. (236) 2. MCA, a talent agency, buys out Universal as the first of a series of corporate buyouts. it became a television and film powerplant. (237) 3. Gulf and Western Industries (film, television, book, and magazine publishing, and professional athletics) bought Paramount, United Artists was bought by TransAmerica Corporation (an insurance company), Kinney National Service (parking-lot and car-rental conglomerate) buys out Warner Bros.(237) 4. the new owners of the studio's first step was to keep their noses out of the film industry and let the studios handle the films on their own.(238)

Two types of trailers.

1. Teaser at least 6 months ahead of film release to promote summer blockbusters during winter season. 2. teaser trailer - not about film's content but stars and genre.

The New Woman's Film (347-349)

1. The 1960's came to be known as women's liberation, a movement meant to raise everyone's consciousness about women's issues. 2. women's lib was difficult to capture on-screen

List of Films:1990-2000

1. The Matrix 2. Terminator 2 3. Schindler's List 4. Jurassic Park 5. Jumanji 6. Saving Private Ryan 7. Forrest Gump 8. The Nightmare Before Christmas 9. Reservoir Dogs 10. Pulp Fiction 11. Independence Day 12. The Sixth Sense 13. Fight Club 14. Goodfellas, Casino 15. Pretty Woman

Movie Censorship and the Courts

1. The Miracle case (examined the 1st Amendment protection for films) reversed the precedent and thus undermined local censorship boards as well.(242) 2. The Excelsior Pictures v. Regents of the University of New York State: with the release of Garden of Eden (1954) was banned in New York for the excessive nudity displayed in the film and was overturned because the nudists displayed in the film were nothing suggestive or sexy but wholesome people. This decision made nudity on film okay.

The Action-Adventure Film

1. The roots of action-adventure film can be traced to the 1962 premiere of the James Bond series and Dr. No. - 2. Bond films are by design formulaic. - 3. Bond although British by birth and Continental in his tastes, he is in many ways an American heroic type. - 4. The success of the early 80s films produced a new breed of auteur studio producer, Joel Silver, Jerry Bruckheimer, and Don Simpson, three men who updated the action formula for the 80s and the 90s.

Blaxploitation

1. The targeting of the African American demographic. 2. Guess Who's Coming to Dinner was a huge film that earned Sidney Poitier an Oscar. 3. Two others were Shaft (1971) and Super Fly (1972).

Steven Spielberg & George Lucas

1. They dominated the 80's and 90's box office as no two filmmakers ever. - 2. Teaming up for the Indiana Jones Franchise and Land Before Time. - 3. Both utilized special effects and really pioneered what could be done with effects in post. - 4. Lucas did not direct a film between 1977 and 1999.

Jerry Lewis

1. Top ten box office stars with Dean Mortin. 2. Most popular for The Caddy and the Stooge. 3. More popular in France than any other country

Genres and Trends

1. While American Cinema in the 1970s was dominated by auteurs, the 1980s and 1990s signaled a return to the old Hollywood priority of genre cinema. - 2. The most significant genre was the blockbuster. - 3. This move toward more sensational entertainment was fueled by box office successes Star Wars and Raiders of the Lost Ark. - 4. As the 1980s began to take shape, it became clear that Lucas and Spielberg had established something akin to a template, a formula for success.

Nicholas Ray

1. began and ended career making B movies 2. films were about juvenile delinquency

Ida Lupino

1. began career as contract player at Warner Bros., made her own prod. company in 1949 to produce her own films and give female characters more "substance", was tired of stereotypical female characters from commercial Hollywood 2. films were a statement about women in 1940s and women's issues, although they were not classified as 'feminist' 3. offered terrific roles for female leads, men were also drawn in mostly flattering terms 4. appreciated her minority status and did not use power for radical feminist agenda, only to produce interesting female characters

John Ford

1. best-known director of movie westerns. (249) 2. got his big break with Stagecoach (1939) 3. focus of his films is men at the end of their tether, men in search of a place in a West that is changing without them. 4. Directed the Searchers (1956)

Sherman Anti Trust Act:

1. blind bidding: licensing of films sight unseen (194) 2. block booking: licensing of an entire slate of films in order to get access to one or two hit titles (194)

Elia Kazan

1. career is often tied directly to how one feels about his cooperation with HUAC 2. initially made progressive films; proponent of Method acting (real emotions) 3. On the Waterfront is a reactionary film, celebrating nobility of naming names 4. Most notable quote was "Damn, it feels good to be a gangster."

Marketing boom: The Western

1. consistently a marketable genre during 1947-1968.

The New, New Hollywood: New Marketing Strategies for a New Film Market

1. consolidation and conglomeration. 3. AOL TimeWarner biggest most complex entertainment conglomerate. Walt Disney Company 2nd largest. 3. Synergy - catchword of new Hollywood all under one single corporate umbrella

Alfred Hitchcock

1. deep-focus/fluid camera movement. 2. Psychological view of crime and punishment. 3. Films: North by Northwest, Vertigo, Psycho

Independents And Independence

1. emerged to fill the gap created by studios' collective abandonment of the auteur picture. 2. Michael Bay - Bad Boys (1995) , The Rock (1996) 3. Roland Emmerich - Independence Day (1996) , Godzilla (1998)

Marilyn Monroe

1. expected to always be the woman with sex appeal in films. 2. Some Like It Hot was her comeback after troubles with drugs and addiction, but her health continued to degrade. 3. Doris Day replaced her and was the "anti-Monroe" playing the "good-girl" character.

Billy Wilder

1. flexible as auteur 2. emphasized in telling good story 3. known for sense of humor, satirical comedies focused on American mass culture; interested in down-on-their-luck working class characters 4. one of first sound-era celebrities (opposite of Hawks) 5. Worked with Marilyn Monroe 6.FILMS: Double Indemnity, Sunset Boulevard, Some Like it Hot

The 1968 Voluntary Film Rating System

1. four categories: G "general", M "mature", R "restricted", X "no one under 16". X ratings didn't have an MPAA seal. 2. studios used ratings to advertise films. If it was R or X, people were more interested to see what kind of content it had.

De Palma:

1. made Carrie (1976) and Dressed to Kill (1980) 2. took advantage of the new rating system.

Sam Fuller

1. played within margins of Hollywood; almost exclusively made B pictures 2. enjoyed artistic freedom due to working on cheap films and showed little interest in big time commercial Hollywood moviemaking 3. war films were mostly about one thing: survival 4. career was short and uneventful

Hollywood Ten

1. refused to answer questions directly & seek Fifth Amendment protection -- believed questions were im proper

The Godfather (Parts I and II)

1. revived gangster genre films. 2. Coppola. 3. Low-budget

Film Noir Rooted in?

1. rooted in the fundamental social changes that troubled many Americans (203). Stylistically came from lighting strategies in Germany and from the '30's gangster genre.(201,203)

Studio vs. Welles The Magnificent Amersons:

1. studios kept finding Welles' versions too long 2. ended up making their own cut, 44 min short of Welles'

The Paramount Decision

1. studios were dealing with all 3 phases of film 2. production (vertical integration) government is concerned with studios monopoly 3. in 1948, studios were taken to Supreme Court--who decides against the Big 5 4. 1954, studios were forced to sell off exhibition 5. led Hollywood to enter international theater market

Howard Hawks

1. successfully operated within studio conventional structures 2. films raised questions of ethics and morality 3. "master of pace" 4. did not receive much recognition during lifetime → not into "celebrity" status, rather enjoyed just making films

Femme Fetales are?

1. the economically and sexually emancipated women of the postwar period that causes the male hero to sacrifice his life in order to stop the evil woman. (204, 207)

Blockbusters and Box Office Hits

1. two characteristic: a) size/scope, speed/sound. b) cash spent on production and advertising and case made at box office. 2. franchise films: long story in several parts (ie. Star Wars) 3. Popular literature staple of Hollywood Blockbuster (ie. Lord of the Rings, Harry Potter) 4. Hollywood blockbuster with same story told over and over (ie. James Bond) 5. Comic book adaptations (ie. X-Men, Spiderman) 6. Majority of Hollywood blockbusters are for all ages which has a wide target audience.

Waldorf Statement:

1. we will forthwith discharge or suspend without compensation those in our employ and we will not re-remploy any of the ten until such time he is acquitted or has purged himself of contempt and declared under oath that he is not a communist. Civil suits that lasted til the '50's and '60's between management and talent.

The End of Auteurism

Apocalypse Now and Heaven's Gate - Studios feared the failure of Apocalypse Now and pulled funding to a film that would later be a success. The opposite happened with Cimino's Heaven's Gate marking the end of the auteurs.

Tim Burton

Brought his own take to the culture of children with films like Edward Scissorhands (1990) and the Batman movies and The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993).

Bonnie and Clyde

Didn't have strict guidelines / no specific genre

What was one of the First Industry agreements to cross media lines?

Disney-ABC was one of the first industry agreements to cross media lines and suggested to studios the potentially lucrative market it could be to merge.(235)

George Lucas

Don't pretend you didn't know who he was before. Also known for American Graffiti.

Auteur Theory

Films during the 1950s & 60s were categorized by the body of work of a given director.(209)

Robert Altman

Known for MASH and Nashville. Mostly Ironic pictures

Oliver Stone

Made films about the events of the Baby Boom generation like JFK (1991) and Platoon (1986).

Adrian Lyne

Made films dealing with the consequences of sex like Fatal Attraction (1987) and Indecent Proposal (1993) and Lolita (1997).

The Graduate

Mike Nichols, 1967. One of the first films to take advantage of a pop-music soundtrack. ("Sounds of Silence")

Richard Pryor

On stage urban comedian who made successful concert films.

Adapting Comic Books

Put into motion by Superman (1978), and shaped by the Batman films that preceded them each offering a new take on the hero.

Leigh Brackett

Rio Bravo (1959), The Big Sleep (1946), The Long Goodbye (1973), Star Wars: Empire Strikes Back (1980)

Mel Brooks

The Producers,Spaceballs, Blazing Saddles and Young Frankenstein.

Spielberg and Lucas

Unlike the other movie brats, they emphasized post production rather than production.

Welle's Career vs. Studio System

Welles' career was in trouble after two films because he refused to fix the "problems" with his films and adjust to the studio's' system.(210-211)

Steven Soderbergh

Went from arthouse director to A-list celebrity with Sex, Lies, and Videotape, and Oceans Eleven.

Comedy Stars and Comedy Films

Woody Allen, Mel Brooks, and Richard Pryor

Re-inventing Hollywood

a place filmmakers were free to express themselves and studies met demands of audience.

Transcending Genre, Transcending Hollywood

audience knows what to expect from popular director and actor specific films

Deep Throat

challenged the conventions of sex on-screen as being not so serious.

Virginia Van Upp

co-wrote Cover Girl (1944)

Frances Goodrich

co-wrote It's a Wonderful Life (1946), The Virginian (1946), Easter Parade (1948), and Father of the Bride (1950)

Isobel Lennart

co-wrote Love Me or Leave Me (1955) and wrote Please Don't Eat the Daises (1960)

Betty Comden

co-wrote Singin' in the Rain (1952)

Alma Reville

co-wrote Suspicion (1941) and Shadow of a Doubt (1943) and contributed to the writing of The Paradine Case (1947). All were directed by her husband Alfred Hitchcock

Tess Slesinger

co-wrote the screenplay for A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1945)

Klute-

directed by Alan Pakula was the biggest woman's picture.

Joel and Ethan Coen

films about stupid people doing stupid things/violence. Geared towards a more educated audience. Fargo

John Sayles -

films on all that's going wrong in Hollywood.

Miller v California

gave local communities power to decide whether a film can be shown or not which made Hollywood under the same situation as the hard-core producers: in danger of having some of their products shut out of all but the most limited markets.

Jenkins v Georgia

gave studio films rated G, PG, PG-13, and R virtual immunity from local bans and seizures through the vast entertainment marketplace.

Citizen Kane

gives Welles prominent mark in film history

Touch of Evil

infamous tracking shot in beginning scene. Was his last Studio film.

The Magnificent Ambersons

like Kane, it emphasized in set design, lighting, and other aspects of mise-en-scene

Characteristics of: The Western

men refusing to conform to a nation that changed so much during the postwar period because the lifestyle of America at this time was dehumanizing and emasculating while westerns were nostalgic. (247-248) 1. consists of progress vs. nostalgia 2. civilization vs. wilderness 3. violence vs. idealism 4. male bond vs male ideal of isolation

Woody Allen

played a jewish caricature of himself. Got big off Annie Hall (1977)

prospective residuals:

provided studios with a means of deferring payment to stars and guaranteed revenue for themselves. (236)

Teenagers and Teen Movies

the teen market was an attractive market because it transcended class and race and teenagers were curiously homogenous and hungry for a culture of their own. (250)

Olive Cooper

wrote over 20 westerns in the '40's

Ayn Rand

wrote the screenplay for her own novel The Fountainhead (1949)