HCS215 Chapter 21

In order to maintain a positive energy balance, the body must ________. A) limit caloric intake B) expend more energy than it consumes C) consume more energy than it expends D) reduce the amount of heat produced by the body E) increase activity

C

What organ requires a steady supply of glucose, which is why blood glucose concentration must be maintained between meals. A) skeletal muscles B) brain C) heart D) liver E) kidneys

B

________ provide an energy storage that is used primarily in times of starvation and are not metabolized by nervous tissue. A) Ketones B) Proteins C) Carbohydrates D) Fats E) Nucleic acid

B

During the absorptive state, the primary energy source for most of the body cells is ________. A) glucose supplied from glycogen B) glucose recently absorbed into the bloodstream C) fatty acids supplied from triglycerides D) fatty acids recently absorbed into the bloodstream E) amino acids supplied from proteins

b

In order to lose weight, a person must be ________. A) in a state of positive energy balance B) in a state of negative energy balance C) consume more calories than are expended D) produce more heat to increase energy consumption E) less active

b

Insulin is secreted by the ________ cells of the pancreas and stimulates ________. A) alpha : anabolism B) beta : anabolism C) delta : anabolism D) alpha : catabolism E) beta : catabolism

b

Shivering to increase body temperature is characterized by ________. A) slow, involuntary bursts of muscle contraction B) rapid, involuntary bursts of muscle contraction C) slow, voluntary bursts of muscle contraction D) rapid, voluntary bursts of muscle contraction E) maintained muscle contraction similar to a cramp

b

The decrease in blood glucose activates glucose receptors in the brain, which leads directly to a(n) ________. A) increase in parasympathetic activity B) increase in sympathetic activity C) decrease in parasympathetic activity D) increase in the release of insulin E) decrease in the release of insulin

b

The glycerol molecule that forms the backbone of triglyceride molecules within adipocytes is ________. A) derived from the monoglyceride in the blood B) synthesized within that cell C) derived from the degradation of fatty acids D) derived from blood triglycerides that enter the cell E) synthesized by capillary endothelial cell

b

The glycogen that is stored in skeletal muscle cells ________. A) is released into the blood to maintain blood glucose B) can only be used by that skeletal muscle cell C) is more hygroscopic than liver glycogen D) can be used by any skeletal muscle cell E) is rarely used for energy

b

The metabolic adjustments that occur in the body during the switch from absorptive to postabsorptive state are largely triggered by increases in what hormone? A) insulin B) glucagon C) thyroid hormone D) epinephrine E) cortisol

b

Thyroid stimulating hormone activates what signal transduction mechanism within the follicle cell that will result in the release of thyroid hormone? A) cGMP B) cAMP C) opening of ligand-gated calcium channels D) inositol triphosphate E) diacylglycerol

b

To what class of hormones does cortisol belong? A) mineralocorticoids B) glucocorticoids C) growth factors D) androgens E) metabotropins

b

What are the primary components of sweat produced by eccrine glands? A) water and oil B) water and salt C) oil and salt D) water only E) water, oil, and salt

b

What cell type resorbs bone during remodeling? A) osteoblasts B) osteoclasts C) chondrocytes D) osteoids E) osteocytes

b

What do peripheral thermoreceptors detect? A) core body temperature B) skin temperature C) blood temperature D) temperature in the heart E) temperature in the hypothalamus

b

What is the process whereby energy is transferred to and from the body through direct contact with a solid body called? A) radiation B) conduction C) evaporation D) convection E) sweating

b

What is the ultimate cause of the increase in body temperature associated with an infection (fever)? A) increased rate of sweating B) pyrogen-induced upward movement of the set point C) increased error signal D) change in the thermoregulatory integrator from one area of the brain to another E) decrease in skin blood flow

b

What organ secretes insulin-like growth factors into the bloodstream? A) pancreas B) liver C) all organs D) adipose tissue E) skeletal muscle

b

Which of the following conditions occurring in childhood would NOT result in the condition of dwarfism? A) decreased stimulation of growth hormone secretion B) increased responsiveness of tissues to insulin-like growth factors C) decrease responsiveness of tissues to growth hormone D) insufficient production of insulin-like growth factors E) defective growth hormone receptors

b

Which of the following is NOT an action of insulin? A) inhibit the breakdown of proteins B) inhibit glycogenesis C) inhibit the breakdown of fats D) inhibit the breakdown of glycogen E) inhibit gluconeogenesis

b

Which of the following is NOT one of the actions of thyroid hormone? A) calorigenesis B) enhance sympathetic nervous activity C) energy mobilization D) promote synthesis of beta adrenergic receptors E) permissive to growth hormone

b

Which of the hormones listed below is NOT secreted in response to stress? A) cortisol B) thyroid hormone C) angiotensin II D) epinephrine E) antidiuretic hormone

b

Which tissue/organ packages triglycerides into very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs)? A) adipose tissue B) liver C) skeletal muscle D) pancreas E) intestinal tract

b

The glycerol released from the adipocyte from the catabolism of a triglyceride is ________. A) converted into amino acids in the kidneys B) excreted by the kidneys C) used by nervous tissue for energy D) used by skeletal muscle for energy E) converted into glucose in the liver

e

What cell type is surrounded by calcified bone and secretes matrix to support bone. A) osteoblast B) osteoclast C) chondrocytes D) osteoid E) osteocyte

e

Bone elongates by chondrocytes producing cartilage at the epiphyseal plate, followed by osteoblasts depositing new bone to replace the cartilage

true

Carbohydrates and proteins can be converted to lipids.

true

Catabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids can be used to generate ATP.

true

Energy from the hydrolysis of ATP is used for most cellular processes.

true

Energy mobilization refers to the catabolism of large molecules into smaller nutrient molecules that are released into the bloodstream to provide energy to the cells of the body.

true

Glycogen stored in skeletal muscle cannot provide glucose to the bloodstream because skeletal muscle lacks the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase.

true

On a regular basis, heat is lost from the body through the process of insensible water loss.

true

On a regular basis, heat is produced in animals by metabolism.

true

The metabolic rate while sleeping is higher than the basal metabolic rate.

true

The overall affect of glucagon is to mobilize energy stores and the synthesis of new energy sources.

true

While proteins are a form of energy storage, most proteins are unavailable metabolically due to their structural and functional roles.

true

Yellow bone marrow is composed of adipocytes.

true

What happens to glucose during the postabsorptive state? A) Glucose is stored as glycogen and spared for use by the nervous system. B) Glucose is stored as glycogen and is the primary energy source for all body cells. C) Glucose is synthesized by gluconeogenesis and glycolysis and is spared for use by the nervous system. D) Glucose is synthesized by gluconeogenesis and glycolysis and is the primary energy source for all body cells. E) Glucose is converted to fat for storage.

C

When amino acids are used for energy, they must be deaminated. In the process, ________ is produced, and eventually eliminated from the body in the form of ________. A) nitrogen : nitrous oxide and water B) nitrogen : bilirubin C) carbonic acid : carbon dioxide and water D) ammonia : urea E) ammonia : nitrous oxide

D

Which of the following best describes acetyl CoA? A) Acetyl CoA is produced from catabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, and it directly provides electrons to the electron transport chain. B) Acetyl CoA is a breakdown product of lipid catabolism and a substrate for carbohydrate synthesis. C) Acetyl CoA provides electrons to the electron transport chain and is a substrate for fatty acid synthesis. D) Acetyl CoA is produced from catabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, and it is a substrate for the Krebs cycle and for lipid synthesis. E) Acetyl CoA is a breakdown product of lipid catabolism and is produced in the cytosol by glycolysis.

D

Which of the following is NOT an action of glucocorticoids? A) mobilize energy B) growth hormone secretion C) glucose sparing D) increase the uptake of fatty acids E) maintain responsiveness of blood vessels to sympathetic nervous activity

d

The calorigenic action of thyroid hormone is mediated by ________. A) promoting lipolysis B) promoting glycogenolysis C) promoting protein synthesis D) promoting glycogenesis E) increasing Na+/K+ pump activity

e

Lipoprotein lipase is found only on the plasma membranes of adipocytes.

false

Most of the body's energy is stored as glycogen.

false

Peripheral thermoreceptors detect core body temperature.

false

A substance that causes an increase in the set point for body temperature is called a ________. A) pyrogen B) poikogen C) homeogen D) thermogen E) hyperthermogen

a

Acromegaly is associated with what endocrine malfunction? A) increase in growth hormone in adults B) decrease in growth hormone in children C) decrease in cortisol D) increase in epinephrine E) decrease in thyroid hormones

a

Following a mild decrease in body temperature, which of the following responses will NOT occur? A) an increase in skin blood flow B) a decrease in sweat production C) a decrease in skin temperature D) an increase in shivering E) a decrease in water on the skin

a

Growth hormone, directly or through release of insulin-like growth factors, stimulates which of the following? A) hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and bone growth B) hypoplasia, hypotrophy, and bone growth C) hyperplasia and bone growth, but not hypertrophy D) hypertrophy and bone growth, but not hyperplasia E) hypertrophy and hyperplasia, but not bone growth

a

How does insulin increase cellular uptake of glucose? A) causing GLUT-4 to be incorporated into the plasma membrane of some cells B) activating the Na+/K+ pump C) increasing the activity of the sodium-linked glucose transporter D) causing GLUT-1 to be incorporated into the membrane of cells E) causing the sodium-linked glucose transporter to be incorporated into the membrane of cells

a

Most energy stores for the body are in the form of ________ and stored in ________. A) triglycerides : adipose tissue B) triglycerides : liver C) glycogen : adipose tissue D) glycogen : liver E) glycogen : skeletal muscle

a

The growth-promoting functions of growth hormone rely partially on the activity of ________. A) insulin-like growth factors B) somatostatins C) epidermal growth factors D) nerve growth factors E) epinephrine

a

The hormone insulin is ________ for the regulation of growth due to its stimulation of ________. A) permissive : insulinlike growth factor secretion B) permissive : growth hormone secretion C) required : bone growth D) required : muscle growth E) required : nervous system development

a

The increase in bone thickness stimulated by growth hormone involves which of the following? A) increased osteoblast activity on the outer surface of the bone and increased osteoclast activity on the inner surface of bone B) increased osteoclast activity on the outer surface of the bone and increased osteoblast activity on the inner surface of bone C) increased osteoblast and chondrocyte activity at the epiphyseal plate D) increased osteoclast and chondrocyte activity at the epiphyseal plate E) increased chondrocyte activity on the inner surface of bone and increased osteoclast activity on the outer surface of the bone

a

The iodinated tyrosine residues on the thyroglobulin molecule are cleaved to produce T3 and T4 in what organelle? A) lysosome B) Golgi apparatus C) colloid D) endoplasmic reticulum E) peroxisome

a

The metabolic adjustments that occur in the body during the switch from postabsorptive to absorptive state are largely triggered by increases in what hormone? A) insulin B) glucagon C) thyroid hormone D) epinephrine E) cortiso

a

What cell type deposits bone during remodeling? A) osteoblasts B) osteoclasts C) chondrocytes D) osteoids E) osteocytes

a

What does an increase in cAMP levels in thyroid follicular cells cause? A) increase in secretion of thyroid hormones B) decrease in secretion of thyroid hormones C) increase in secretion of calcitonin D) decrease in secretion of calcitonin E) increase in secretion of parathyroid hormone

a

What is the fate of any excess glucose in the liver that is not required for energy and not stored as glycogen? A) it is converted into fatty acids B) it is converted into amino acids C) it is immediately released back into the bloodstream D) it accumulates within the cell until released E) is is attached to very-low-density lipoprotein in its native form

a

What is the most dense form of energy storage (i.e., contains the most calories per gram)? A) Fat B) Protein C) Glycogen D) Starch E) Cellulose

a

What is the process whereby energy is transferred to and from the body through electromagnetic waves called? A) radiation B) conduction C) evaporation D) convection E) sweating

a

When a person sits on a metal chair on a cold day, they feel the cold of the metal. This is an example of ________. A) conduction B) convection C) radiation D) evaporation E) cold feet

a

Which of the following is NOT an action of the hormone glucagon? A) increased triglyceride synthesis B) increased glycogenolysis C) increased gluconeogenesis D) increased ketone synthesis E) increased protein degradation

a

Which of the following is a function of osteoblasts? A) production of osteoid B) release of enzymes that digest osteoid C) dissolving of calcium phosphate crystals D) production of cartilage E) release of a chemical that triggers the conversion of cartilage cells to bone cells

a

Which of the following is true of the absorptive state? A) Energy input exceeds output and thus is stored in macromolecules. B) Energy input is less than output and thus is stored in macromolecules. C) Energy input exceeds output and thus is released from breakdown of macromolecules. D) Energy input is less than output and thus is released from breakdown of macromolecules. E) Energy input is equal to energy output and thus, the body is in energy balance.

a

Which of the following will NOT occur as a consequence of the release of epinephrine? A) increased release of amino acid B) increased gluconeogenesis C) increased glycogenolysis D) increased lipolysis E) increased blood glucose

a

The postabsorptive state is characterized by mobilization of energy stores, which is stimulated by the hormone insulin.

false

Addison's disease is associated with what endocrine malfunction? A) increase in growth hormone in adults B) decrease in growth hormone in children C) decrease in cortisol D) increase in epinephrine E) decrease in thyroid hormones

c

Breakdown of glycogen stores in what organ is required for the maintenance of blood glucose? A) skeletal muscle B) pancreas C) liver D) skin E) adipose tissue

c

Crystals called ________ give bone a mineral component that is able to withstand compressive forces. A) sodium chloride B) calcium bisphosphate C) hydroxyapatite D) osteoids E) calcium chloride

c

During which phase of life are growth hormone levels greatest? A) fetal B) prepubertal C) puberty D) early adulthood (20s-50s) E) late adulthood (50s-100s)

c

Prolonged exposure to a cold environment can cause ________. A) poikilothermia B) ectothermia C) hypothermia D) hyperthermia E) normothermia

c

The increase in the set point of body temperature that occurs during a fever is caused by the release of substances from ________ that affect the hypothalamic temperature set point. A) red blood cells B) erythrocytes C) white blood cells D) bacteria E) nerve cells

c

The most abundant form of thyroid hormone secreted into the blood is ________; the most active form at the target cell is ________; and the form that provides long-loop negative feedback is ________. A) T3 : T3 : T4 B) T4 : T4 : T3 C) T4 : T3 : T4 D) T3 : T4 : T3 E) T3 : T4 : T4

c

The release of T3 and T4 occurs through ________, and they can bind to ________ to be transported in the bloodstream. A) endocytosis : transthyrethin B) exocytosis : thyroxine-binding globulin C) diffusion : albumin D) exocytosis : transthyrethin E) endocytosis : albumin

c

The secretion of growth hormone releasing hormone is stimulated by which of the following? A) increase in glycogenolysis in the liver B) decrease in plasma amino acid concentration C) decrease in plasma glucose concentration D) increase in gluconeogenesis in the kidneys E) decrease in insulin like growth factor release from the liver

c

Under which of the following conditions is the basal metabolic rate measured? A) lying down, sleeping, and having fasted for 24 hours B) lying down, sleeping, and having fasted for 12 hours C) lying down, awake, and having fasted for 12 hours D) sitting, awake, and having fasted for 24 hours E) standing, awake, and having fasted for 12 hours

c

What is the normal level of glucose in blood? A) 10 mg/dL B) 50 mg/dL C) 100 mg/dL D) 150 mg/dL E) 300 mg/dL

c

Where are receptors for thyroid hormones located? A) on the plasma membrane of target cells B) in the cytosol of target cells C) in the nucleus of target cells D) on the plasma membrane of all cells in the body E) in the cytosol of all cells in the body

c

Which cell type stores the majority of the body's glycogen? A) adipocyte B) nervous tissue C) skeletal muscle D) liver E) kidney

c

Which of the following best illustrates the form in which carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, respectively, are transported in the bloodstream? A) glycogen, amino acids, and triglycerides B) glycogen, tripeptides, and fatty acids C) glucose, amino acids, and lipoproteins D) glucose, dipeptides, and fatty acids E) disaccharides, amino acids, and lipoproteins

c

Which of the following is a function of osteoclasts? A) secretion of osteoid B) calcification of bone C) release of enzymes that degrade the osteoid D) formation of cartilage E) breakdown of cartilage

c

Which of the following statements is true of the absorptive state (compared to the postabsorptive state)? A) Insulin levels are low, and glucagon levels are high. B) Most body cells use fatty acids for energy, sparing glucose for the nervous system. C) Glycogenolysis is increased. D) Gluconeogenesis is inhibited. E) Lipids are broken down in adipose tissue.

c

An organic compound called ________ gives bone its ability to withstand tensile forces. A) collagen B) elastin C) hydroxyapatite D) osteoid E) calcium chloride

d

During the postabsorptive state, what happens to the blood levels of insulin and glucagon? A) insulin and glucagon both increase B) insulin and glucagon both decrease C) insulin increases, whereas blood levels of glucagon decrease D) insulin decreases, whereas blood levels of glucagon increase E) glucagon increases, whereas insulin levels do not change

d

Following an increase in body temperature, which of the following responses will NOT occur? A) an increase in skin blood flow B) an increase in sweat production C) an increase in skin temperature D) an increase in shivering E) an increase in water on the skin

d

Glucagon is secreted from ________ cells of the pancreas and stimulates ________. A) alpha : anabolism B) beta : anabolism C) delta : anabolism D) alpha : catabolism E) beta : catabolism

d

In the postabsorptive state, what do most cells use for energy? A) cellulose B) glycogen C) glucose D) lipids E) amino acids

d

Insulin-like growth factors function as a ________ in promoting growth. A) hormone only B) paracrine only C) neurotransmitter only D) hormone and paracrine E) hormone and neurotransmitter

d

The release of glucagon during the absorptive state by certain amino acids in a high-protein meal would facilitate the ________. A) synthesis of triglycerides B) synthesis of proteins C) uptake of amino acids D) maintenance of blood glucose in a low-carbohydrate meal E) growth of muscle

d

What are animals whose body temperature changes with environmental temperatures called? A) endotherms B) hypotherms C) hypertherms D) poikilotherms E) homeotherms

d

What is an increase in body temperature to greater-than-normal levels called? A) conduction B) convection C) hypothermia D) hyperthermia E) poikilothermia

d

What is glucose sparing? A) an increase in gluconeogenesis to conserve glycogen stores B) an increase in glycogenesis to increase glycogen stores C) an increase in glycogenolysis to mobilize glycogen stores D) cells utilize fatty acids for energy instead of glucose E) cells utilize glucose for energy instead of fatty acids

d

What is the fate of most of the amino acids that enter the liver? A) converted to glycogen B) synthesized into proteins C) converted directly into energy D) converted to keto acids that become fatty acids E) stored in very-low-density lipoproteins in their native form

d

What is the precursor compound located within colloid that is converted into thyroid hormone? A) Proiodotyrosine B) Preiodotyrosine C) Iodotyrosine D) Thyroglobulin E) Calcitonin

d

What type of cell forms cartilage? A) osteoblasts B) osteocytes C) osteoclasts D) chondrocytes E) chondroblasts

d

Where does conversion of T4 to T3 occur? A) colloid of thyroid follicles B) follicle cells C) lysosome D) plasma near the target cell E) inside the nucleus of the target cell

d

Which of the following best describes the location and function of lipoprotein lipase? A) Lipoprotein lipase is found in adipose tissue, where it breaks down triglycerides to glycerol and three fatty acids. B) Lipoprotein lipase is found in adipose tissue, where it synthesizes triglycerides from glycerol and three fatty acids. C) Lipoprotein lipase is found in the liver, where it breaks down triglycerides. D) Lipoprotein lipase is found on capillary endothelial cells, where it degrades triglycerides on the outer surface of very low-density lipoproteins. E) Lipoprotein lipase is found in intestinal villi, where it synthesizes chylomicrons.

d

Which of the following increases the release of glucagon? A) increased blood glucose, increased sympathetic activity, and increased blood amino acids B) increased blood glucose, increased sympathetic activity, and decreased blood amino acids C) increased blood glucose, decreased sympathetic activity, and increased blood amino acids D) decreased blood glucose, increased sympathetic activity, and increased blood amino acids E) decreased blood glucose, decreased sympathetic activity, and decreased blood amino acids

d

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Cushing's syndrome? A) deposition of fat in the abdomen B) bruise easily C) protein depletion (wasting) D) hypoglycemia E) deposition of fat in the face

d

Which of the following statements about the liver is true? A) Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver during the absorptive state. B) The liver contains most of the glycogen stores in the body. C) Ketones are produced in the liver during the absorptive state. D) The liver synthesizes triglycerides and packages them into lipoproteins during the absorptive state. E) The liver contains most of the triglyceride stores in the body.

d

Which of the following stimuli does NOT stimulate insulin secretion? A) increased blood glucose B) increased blood amino acids C) increased parasympathetic nervous activity D) increased epinephrine E) increased glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide

d

Epiphyseal plate closure is triggered by ________. A) osteoclasts B) osteoblasts C) osteocytes D) somatomedins E) sex hormones

e

Glucose molecules derived from glycogen must be ________ in order to exit a cell. A) converted to a fatty acid B) deaminated C) converted to a metabolic intermediate D) phosphorylated E) dephosphorylated

e

In the young, the epiphyseal plate is composed of ________, which plays an important role in the ________ during growth. A) bone marrow : thickening of bone B) bone : thickening of bone C) cartilage : thickening of bone D) bone marrow : elongation of bone E) cartilage : elongation of bone

e

What differentiates sweat produced by apocrine glands from sweat produced by eccrine glands ? A) they are located in different regions of the body B) apocrine glands empty into hair follicles, whereas eccrine glands empty on the skin surface C) apocrine glands do not become active until puberty; eccrine glands are active from birth D) sweat from apocrine glands contains proteins and fatty acids that are not found in sweat from eccrine glands E) All of the above

e

What is the function of gap junctions in bone? A) for action potential transmission that initiates bone resorption by osteoblasts B) for action potential transmission that initiates bone deposition by osteoblasts C) for action potential transmission that initiates bone deposition by osteoclasts D) for action potential transmission that initiates bone resorption by osteoclasts E) to provide nutrients to cells embedded within the rigid bone matrix

e

What is the hypothalamic tropic hormone that regulates cortisol secretion? A) oxytocin B) thyrotropin releasing hormone C) growth hormone releasing hormone D) adrenocorticotropic hormone E) corticotropin releasing hormone

e

What is the primary hormone mediating the stress response (or general adaptation syndrome)? A) growth hormone B) insulin C) glucagon D) thyroid hormone E) cortisol

e

What is the thermoneutral zone? A) The range of temperatures at which poikilothermic animals can maintain body temperature without regulatory systems. B) The range of temperatures at which homeothermic animals can maintain body temperature without regulatory systems. C) The range of temperatures at which homeothermic animals can maintain body temperature through evaporation only. D) The range of temperatures at which poikilothermic animals can maintain body temperature through convection only. E) The range of temperatures at which homeothermic animals can maintain body temperature by regulating blood flow to the skin only.

e

Which of the following does NOT enhance the release of growth hormone? A) stress B) exercise C) sleep D) increased plasma amino acids E) increased plasma glucose

e

Which of the following hormones decrease lipolysis? A) glucagon B) epinephrine C) growth hormone D) cortisol E) insulin

e

Which of the following hormones decrease protein synthesis? A) insulin only B) thyroid hormones only C) growth hormone only D) both insulin and growth hormone E) insulin, growth hormone, and thyroid hormone

e

Which of the following hormones increase blood glucose levels? A) glucagon only B) epinephrine only C) growth hormone only D) both glucagon and epinephrine E) glucagon, epinephrine, and growth hormone

e

Which of the following hormones inhibits growth? A) growth hormone B) somatomedins C) insulin-like growth factors D) thyroid hormones E) glucocorticoids

e

Which of the following increases blood glucose levels? A) increases in insulin only B) increases in glucagon only C) increases in epinephrine only D) increases in both insulin and epinephrine E) increases in both glucagon and epinephrine

e

Which of the following is NOT an action of insulin? A) synthesis of fatty acids in liver B) synthesis of glycogen in skeletal muscle C) synthesis of glycogen in the liver D) synthesis of proteins in most cells E) synthesis of fatty acids in skeletal muscle

e

Which of the following is NOT one of the growth supporting functions of growth hormone? A) increased plasma glucose concentration B) decreased glucose uptake by adipocytes C) increased lipolysis in adipocytes D) increased gluconeogenesis in the liver E) increased glycogenolysis in skeletal muscle

e

Which of the following is NOT required for growth? A) growth hormone B) growth factors C) insulin-like growth factors D) dietary intake of proteins E) dietary intake of starch

e

Which of the following structures of the body is NOT normally involved in the control of body temperature? A) skeletal muscle B) hypothalamus C) sweat glands D) skin blood vessels E) chemoreceptors

e

An increase in the size of an organ as a consequence of an increase in cell number is referred to as hypertrophy.

false

Bone is static tissue that undergoes few changes in its structure due to the low level of osteoblastic activity.

false

During the absorptive state, the decrease in blood glucose acts to increase insulin.

false

Glucocorticoids, insulin, glucagon, thyroid hormones, and epinephrine are all lipophilic.

false

Gluconeogenesis typically occurs in skeletal muscle, a tissue requiring substantial energy to maintain its activity.

false

In the cold, blood flow to the skin increases.

false

The release of thyrotropin releasing hormone from the anterior pituitary stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone.

false

The set point for body temperature is 41°C.

false

The thermoregulatory center is located in the medulla oblongata.

false

The transport of glucose into cells of the central nervous system requires the presence of insulin

false