HD Chapter 4
What percentage of cancers come from acquired genetic mutations of the tumor suppressor gene?
50%
Which of these are sources of ionizing radiation?
CT Scans
What is cancer?
Cells are considered cancerous when they are abnormally formed and grow uncontrollably.
Which describes a benign tumor of an epithelial surface?
Polyps
How would a malfunction in the oncogene contribute to the development of cancer?
failure to tell the cells when to divide and when not to divide
The most important risk factor for cancer is
Age
How many daily servings of fruits and vegetables are recommended for reduction of cancer risk?
Five to nine
How does a mammogram help to diagnose cancer?
It creates an x-ray photograph of the breast that shows developing tumors.
How is the immune system related to the development of cancer?
It should recognize and eliminate abnormal cells.
What does it mean when a malignant tumor metastasizes?
The cancer spreads to other areas of the body.
The names of malignant tumors have two parts, a prefix and a suffix. What is the system for choosing these two parts?
The prefix names the tissue of origin and the suffix describes whether the cancerous cells are epithelial or supporting.
What limits the potential for tumor marker tests to accurately diagnose cancer?
Tumor markers are sometimes produced by normal cells.
A tumor of the connective tissue surrounding a nerve would be called
a neurosarcoma
What is a tumor?
an area of uncontrolled cell growth in the body
Tobacco use should be avoided because
approximately 30% of cancer related deaths are caused by cigarette smoking
Environmental substances that damage the DNA in cells and cause mutations resulting in cancer are known as
carcinogens
Which vaccines can help prevent cancer?
hepatitis B and human papillomavirus
What kind of infection increases the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs?
human papillomavirus
If a friend tells you she has an unusual lump in her breast, you will always advise her to tell her doctor and have it examined as soon as possible. However, you will be less concerned about her if she tells you
it feels round and symmetrical with a very clear edge
Why is a benign tumor easier to remove than a malignant tumor?
it is encapsulated
What is the cause of all cancers?
mutation of the genes that control cell division and cell death
What is the definition of benign?
not cancerous
What is the definition of "metastasis"?
spread of abnormal, cancerous cells
A diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the uterus is cancer of __________.
the epithelial tissue in the glands
What do the cells of a malignant tumor look like under a microscope?
they do not have a uniform appearance
Which symptom would cause the most concern that a person may have cancer?
unexplained weight loss
What percentage of cancers come from inherited mutations?
5-10%
