HDFS 2200 Complete Study Guide--Chapters 1 through 12

Which of the following is an example of familism?

+ A grandfather moves into his daughter's home to help take care of his grandchildren. +A teenager misses several days of school to look after a sick relative.

What is the average cost of weddings today? 50,000 35,000 20,000 5,500

35,000

Women's weekly earnings are what percentage of men's weekly earnings?

81%

Identify the statement that describes why some researchers argue that love is an evolutionary adaptation.

Children loved by their parents were more likely to survive infancy.

Which of the following is the force that prompted Puerto Rican migration to the U.S.?

Members of this group enjoyed automatic right of residency in the U.S. mainland.

Most Latino families in the United States are of what origin?

Mexican

Which of the following IS NOT an example of how the birth control pill may have had repercussions for society once it was widely available? +Men and women delayed marriage until later ages. +Women bear more of the responsibility for preventing pregnancy. +Rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have decreased. +Economic inequality between men and women declined.

Rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have decreased.

A cohort is a group of people who experience an event together at the same time. true or false??

True

Which surface difference is perhaps most important biologically?

skin color

__________ is the practical, rational dedication of one person to another based on shared understanding and emotional commitment.

utilitarian love

Most people live, marry, reproduce, and raise children primarily____

within their own racial-ethnic group

Which of the following statements about acculturation and assimilation IS true?

+Learning the language of the host society is important for both processes. +Acculturation can happen without assimilation, but not vice versa. +Acculturation can happen without acceptance by the host society, but that is not the case for assimilation

The richest 1% of Americans earned what percent of all income in 2014?

20%

About what percentage of people report having met their current partner online?

22%

According to the text, __________ of college students have reported having between 4-9 hook ups.

29.6%

According to the text, women between the ages of 30-34 have had a median number of ______ sexual partners

5

One of the most monumental changes in family life in the 19th century was the drop in number of children in each family. In fact, the average number of children in White families dropped by _______ over the century.

50%

According to the text, what percent of people found sex between an unmarried man and a women morally acceptable in 2016?

55%?? (NOT 75%)

According to the text, what percent of people found sex between an unmarried man and a women morally acceptable in 2016?

65%

What is a definition of the legal family?

A narrower definition of family that is limited to those who are related to use by birth, marriage or adoption

Define Familism

A personal outlook that puts family obligations first, before individual well-being

Which of the following mate selection patterns creates the most inequality in a society? +Adults typically, but not always, marry people who are from their own social class and who have attained a similar level of education +Adults date and marry irrespective of social class background. +Adults only marry within their own social class. +Adults date and marry without attention to social class, but within their own level of education.

Adults only marry within their own social class.

Identify the statement that describes how the rising age at first marriage impacted sexual behavior.

Almost all Americans have sex before marriage.

Which of the following is the force that prompted Mexican migration to the U.S.?

Although some were already living in the United States when their territory was annexed, migrants continue to move to the United States in search of jobs and better lives.

Which of the following racial/ethnic groups has the highest poverty rate?

American Indian

Which of the following is NOT an example of gender socialization? +Andrea explains to her friends that her parents will not allow her to stay out late after she failed a test. +Alexandra is reprimanded for being too loud and told to act "like a lady." +Christopher knows that he is expected to have a strong handshake when meeting a job recruiter. +Tiffany teases her friend Patrick about wearing pink to school.

Andrea explains to her friends that her parents will not allow her to stay out late after she failed a test.

Which of the following statements about acculturation and assimilation is NOT true?

Assimilation most often occurs before acculturation

Which of the following is NOT associated with stronger feelings of homophobia? +Being religious +Feeling that being gay is a choice +Being born before 1990 +Being female

Being female

Which of the following groups is the most isolated group in terms of dating?

Blacks

What is an example of a way in which an elementary school teacher might engage in gender socialization in schools?

By reprimanding a girl for playing on the jungle gym because she is wearing a dress

Chapter 11

Chapter 11

Which of the following is NOT a major change in dating and romantic relationships that has made following social scripts more difficult in recent years? +Cohabitation has increased. +Couples are less committed to each other. +The Internet has broadened the social world for many people, changing how people meet and socialize. +There are more ways to form and sustain a relationship.

Couples are less committed to each other.

Which of the following is NOT a way in which the federal government increased legal regulation of family life during the industrial era? +Outlawing "obscene" material in the mail system +Establishing and recognizing marriage credentials +Linking property rights to marital status +Creating rules for religious organizations' role in sanctifying marriages

Creating rules for religious organizations' role in sanctifying marriages

Which of the following is the force that prompted Central and South American migration to the U.S.?

Disparate forces prompted migration among this group, with some searching for an escape from poverty and others hoping to use their skills in a new country.

Identify the term that describes the process of immigrant children adapting to a new culture more rapidly than their parents.

Dissonant Acculturation (When children and adults transition together its called consonant acculturation)

Which of the following occupations is the LEAST female dominated?

Electricians

Which of the following examples best describes the term transgender?

Emily was assigned female at birth, but recently asked friends and family to use his chosen name (Mike) and pronouns (he/him).

Because the word family means different things to different people, the textbook provides a broad definition of families as groups of people who are bound by which of the following types of connections?

Emotional, legal and biological

Which of the following is NOT a major lens through which social scientists study sexuality? +Sexual behavior +Identity +Human biology +Ethics of sexual behavior

Ethics of sexual behavior

Most social science research supports the argument that elements of the Black family structure today, such as matriarchal households and children raised by extended family members, are inherited from African traditions. True or False??

False

Sex and gender mean the same thing True or False??

False

With the exception of the last few decades, there has been a long-term trend over the last few centuries toward increasingly violent societies. True False

False

Which of the following is the characteristic of family life for 19th century Mexican Americans?

Family members exhibited a strong sense of obligation toward one another.

Which of the following IS NOT a reason for the "motherhood" penalty in wages? Women often stop working or drop to part-time work after having children. Fathers' earnings increases allow women to shift to less demanding careers. Work-family conflict interferes with the time and energy women devote to work. Employers discriminate against women with children.

Fathers' earnings increases allow women to shift to less demanding careers.

In a story from the textbook, a woman recalled, "In 1969 I even started to wear trousers to work (as a social worker). At the time this was certainly frowned on, yet two years later social workers were roaming the inner city in torn jeans, gym shoes and bra-less T-shirts." What concept does this story exemplify?

Gender roles change over time and across place.

Which of the following factors DOES NOT contribute to the relatively high rate of HIV infection in the African American population? +Greater biological susceptibility by race +Lower levels of health care +Racial segregation +Less access to education about sex and sexuality transmitted diseases

Greater biological susceptibility by race

Why are homicide rates the standard measure of trends in violent crime?

Homicides are counted very accurately

Which of the following describes the term matrilineal?

In this family arrangement, wealth and power are transmitted from mothers to daughters.

What is a primary advantage to big data reserch?

It collects data on observed behavior

In which of the following examples, does the young person have the highest life chance?

Justin Smith is the son of a successful and wealthy businessman and is graduating from Harvard this year.

When did the word homosexual first begin to appear as a way to describe someone's identity?

Late nineteenth century

Which of the following is an example of a third-generation immigrant?

Michelle has a Russian grandmother who shares recipes with her and tells her stories about her life in Russia in the 1930s and 1940s

Which of the following is the force that prompted Cuban migration to the U.S.?

Migration started in response to a political revolution in this group's home country.

Which of the following IS NOT a factor that made building and maintaining families difficult for slaves in the period between 1619 and the end of the Civil War (in the mid-1800s)? +Slaves could be sold, and therefore separated from their families without notice. +Slave marriage and parenthood were not legally recognized by the states. +Most enslaved children did not live with their parents. +Most slaves did not have family names by which they could formally recognize lineage.

Most enslaved children did not live with their parents.

Which of the following is NOT a main form of scarcity that single-mother families often face in contrast to two-parent families? +Motivation +Time +Money +Social Capital

Motivation

Moving Into Chapter 5

Now

Moving on to Chapter 6

Now

Moving on to Chapter 7

Now

Which siblings tend to hold more traditional attitudes about gender?

Older brothers with younger sisters

According to Melvin Kohn's classic series of studies, how do both middle- and working-class parents' experiences with work influence their parenting?

Parents teach their children the interpersonal skills that they use in their own jobs.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about poverty in America? +Poverty for older people has increased dramatically since the 1960s +Many people move in and out of poverty +Poverty is concentrated by race/ethnicity +Poverty is closely related to family structure

Poverty for older people has increased dramatically since the 1960s

The high school prom has been a site of continuous legal and social conflict for decades. Why are prom scripts so important?

Proms are often seen as a formal step in the process of mate selection that can lead eventually to marriage.

Christina's parents divorced when she was 12. According to statistics, how does this affect the likelihood that she will divorce? She is more likely than average to divorce. She is equally likely than average to divorce. She is less likely than average to divorce. Neither more nor less.

She is more likely than average to divorce.

Define Acculturation

The process by which immigrants learn and acquire a host society's culture and language

Define Assimilation

The reduction of immigrant differences, as they merge into the host society. ethnic differences and things that define them as an "other" melt away

How do sociologists working from the biological perspective seek to understand human behavior?

They apply understandings of the biological underpinnings of sex differences to common family traits and practices today.

Which of the following is a unique circumstance for unmarried parents?

They don't have much time to date, but many still do.

Studies of interracial marriage have found that among Asians and Latinos, second-generation immigrants are more likely to marry members of other races than first-generation immigrants. What does this suggest?

This finding suggests that these groups may experience social integration similar to that of Italian immigrants in the past.

Coming out is the process of revealing one's gay sexual orientation to the significant people in one's life True or False??

True

Division of labor refers to who does what work and for what rewards. True or False??

True

On average, women live longer than men in 99% of all countries. True or False??

True

Social mobility refers to the movement, up or down, between social classes. True or False?

True

Which of the following types of families is most likely to be poor?

Unmarried female-headed families

Which group is gradually losing its dominant numerical status in proportion to other racial-ethnic groups?

White

Which of the following groups is LEAST likely to intermarry with those of other races or ethnicities?

White Woman are least liekly From least to most White women < Black women < Black men < Hispanic men

Why does the percentage of Whites married to Blacks in the United States differ so significantly from the parentage of Blacks married to Whites in the United States?

Whites comprise a much larger proportion of the U.S. population

Which of the following IS NOT an explanation for why women perform more household and child care, on average, than men do? Women have greater resources, allowing them to take time off from work. Women have fewer economic resources with which to bargain. Women have more time available at home. Men and women play out the roles they've seen before.

Women have greater resources, allowing them to take time off from work.

Which of the following is a definition of care work? Work done by employees for pay Work to maintain a household's functions The exertion of effort to produce or accomplish something Work performed face-to-face for the purpose of enhancing the capabilities of another person.

Work performed face-to-face for the purpose of enhancing the capabilities of another person.

Which of the following class structures includes the highest percentage of Americans?

Working class

According to the textbook, which of the following is a reason why sexual behavior is less constrained now than it was in the past?

Young people's living alone before marriage

The legal term that indicates a marriage was NEVER legally binding is: separation. annulment. marital dissolution. divorce.

annulment.

Which of the following parenting styles is characterized by high demandingness and high responsiveness? indulgent authoritarian neglectful authoritative

authoritative

Concerning abuse of elderly adults, which of the following most closely defines the term expressive aggression?

berating elderly people in public and mocking their physical impairments

Contrary to stereotypes, children are least likely to be abused _____________. by fathers at day care by a friend or neighbor by mothers

by a friend or neighbor

Which of the following is the definition of the divorce-marriage ratio?

calculates the frequency of divorce to the frequency of new marriages

Define Refined Divorce Rate

calculates the number of divorces per 1,000 married couples in a country

Much relationship research on dating has been directed at ________.

college students

Which of the following social phenomena helped lead to the rise of concentrated urban poverty among African Americans?

deindustrialization

Marriage and reproduction within a distinct group is called _____________; marriage and reproduction outside one's distinct group is called _____________.

endogamy; exogamy

After a divorce, men's income, on average: decreases. is supplemented by child support. is unaffected by divorce. increases.

increases.

According to conflict theory what creates instability in society, which can lead to what

inequality, positive social change

The 1967 Supreme Court case Loving v. Virginia declared what unconstitutional?

laws against interracial marriage

Parents who cannot afford to provide adequate food and shelter for their children may be guilty of neglect. may be within their rights as parents. may be guilty of abuse. may be bad parents, but not legally so.

may be guilty of neglect.

On average, postponing marriage means couples are: less educated. more financially secure. less emotionally developed. more unstable in their lives.

more financially secure.

Sue and Larry are both hotheads and often physically battle for control in their relationship. They are likely engaged in mutual violent control violent resistance common couple violence intimate terrorism

mutual violent control

The most common form of elder abuse is neglect sexual physical emotional

neglect (?)

Which of the following DOES NOT fit under the textbook's "violence" category? sexual assault slapping neglect threatening to kill someone manipulation

neglect and manipulation

The __________ is the price one pays for choosing the less lucrative of the available options collectivism opportunity benefit individualism opportunity cost

opportunity cost

Most of the elderly who report abuse are abused by nursing or retirement homes paid caregivers other family members intimate partners

other family members

Which of the following historically limited black family structure?

poverty

One important modern principle used in almost all data collection about race and ethnicity involves:

self-identification

Concerning abuse of elderly adults, which of the following most closely defines the term physical violence?

striking elderly people out of frustration or to get them to comply

The increased likelihood of women and children to live in poverty is known as: the feminization of poverty. the poverty effect. the independence effect. the income effect.

the feminization of poverty.

Jarrod O'Reilly's favorite holiday is St. Patrick's Day, since he is of Irish descent. He wears green, throws a big party, and even drinks green beer. But for the rest of the year, Jarrod does not think much about his Irish background, illustrating ______

the sometimes voluntary nature of ethnicity

Lorena shot her husband after years of physical abuse at his hands. Her behavior is best classified as violent resistance mutual violent control intimate terrorism common couple violence

violent resistance

According to "The Story Behind the Numbers" in 2015, about how many hours weekly did men put into housework? 10.2 18.8 21.9 4.7

10.2

According to the text, how many people in America live alone or only with people to whom they are not related?

53 million

According to the chart in your text, what percent of men, age 20-24 years, were married in 2015? 10% 8.2% 35.4% 29.9%

8.2%

One difficulty of studying families in identifying whether something causes something else. In many cases, two things may occur together (such as the use of nightlights and nearsightedness), but one may not cause the other.

????? the full question on inquisitvie includes the part about correlation

Which of the following is the most accurate example of a split-household family?

A Chinese man works on a U.S. railroad, leaving his wife behind in China

Identify the antipoverty policy that the evidence supports as the best approach. A broad redistribution policy in which poor households receive a proportional amount of money back at tax time that raises their income to above the poverty line. A program designed to promote marriage among the poor through couples counseling and tying benefits to marital status. A policy of pushing the poor off of government programs and into the labor force. A program that supplements single mothers' income by counting their child care as paid employment.

A broad redistribution policy in which poor households receive a proportional amount of money back at tax time that raises their income to above the poverty line.

Which of the following IS NOT contributed to families' having fewer children in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries? Abandoned children were adopted or fostered More children lived into adulthood Raising children cost more money Children's labor was not needed

Abandoned children were adopted or fostered

Which racial ethnic group has seen the most rapid and pronounced decline in marriage rate than any other group? African American American Indian Asian Hispanic

African American

The text outlines which of the following reasons a person, or her partner, may seek an abortion? resource constraints time constraints medical reasons related to the baby or mother All of the above

All of the above

Women in which of the following racial-ethnic groups have the HIGHEST marriage rates? Latinas Blacks Whites Asians

Asians

Which of the following IS NOT an example of a transition that may add to a child's stress and affect his or her development? Moving to a new, safer neighborhood An aunt's moving in after losing her job A mother's boyfriend's moving into the home Being punished unfairly by a parent

Being punished unfairly by a parent

Chapter 10

Chapter 10

Chapter 12

Chapter 12

Chapter 9

Chapter 9

Which educational group has the highest rate of employment for mothers with children? College graduates High school graduates Less than high school

College graduates

What is a definition of the personal family?

Compromised of people to whom we feel related and who we expect to define us as family

The process by which social scientists establish an association between two phenomena is known as ______

Correlation

How is cohabitation related to the likelihood of getting a divorce?

Couples who cohabit before marriage are more likely to divorce, but this is due to factors other than cohabitation

Which of the following roles related to marriage was NOT a role played by the state-established churches in the early European Societies? +Deciding who could marry into which families +Presiding over marriage ceremonies +Allocating power and property among family members Determining the validity of marriages

Deciding who could marry into which families

What is the difference between facts and theory in the study of the family?

Facts provide information about family life, whereas theory is a way to explain how those facts influence one another.

Coverture was a legal doctrine under which husbands were incorporated into their wives' citizenship True or False???

False

The American Time Use Survey shows that men and women perform nearly equal hours of housework. True False

False

The family arena is a social place in which relations between people in common positions are governed by accepted rules of interaction. True or False??

False

The independence effect raises the likelihood of divorce because it motivates women to leave their marriages, whether they are fairly happy or unhappy. True False

False

The total fertility rate in the United States is currently 1.82, which is the same as the replacement fertility rate. True False

False

How have parents' reasons for having children changed over time? Parents' reasoning used to be rational, and now it is vague Having children is more of an emotional or symbolic asset, not a practical one. Children are valued more for their practical household value then for emotional or symbolic reasons. Having children used to be taken for granted, whereas now it is planned.

Having children is more of an emotional or symbolic asset, not a practical one.

The victims of family violence may be classified in three groups: intimate partners, children, and elders. What two elements are usually present in the relationship between victims and perpetrators of family violence?

Intimacy and a care relationship

What is the most important way in which legal recognition of gay and lesbian families reduces boundary ambiguity?

It makes the marriage and the family more socially recognized

Which of the following work-family conflict issues is more characteristic of professional parents than of working-class parents? Going through periods of not working. Working multiple jobs. Working too few hours. Lacking a barrier between work and home life.

Lacking a barrier between work and home life.

Identify the arguments Americans made about divorce in the late nineteenth century.

Many feared that allowing men and women to divorce would degrade the meaning of marriage. Many viewed remarriage for the spouse who had been "innocent" as acceptable. Remarriage was viewed as more of a problem than divorce.

Which statement describes the assumptions that underlie Becker's marketplace theory of marriage? Marriage is voluntary and popular Marriage is voluntary and economically valuable Marriage is voluntary and there is competition for mates. marriage is popular and there is competition for mates.

Marriage is voluntary and there is competition for mates.

Which of the following IS NOT one of the reasons why a large majority of adults eventually marry? --Most people try to conform to the expectation that sex belongs with marriage --Media, family, and religious leaders pressure people to marry --Marriage brings both legal and symbolic rewards -People tend to do what others around them have done

Most people try to conform to the expectation that sex belongs with marriage

Couples often act out the gender roles they saw their parents enact, which is an example of what process? Feedback Gender inequality Socialization Stratification

Socialization

Tanika is a child in a blended family. Tanika's mother married a man who has one son, Michael. Identify the accurate definition of Tanika and Michael's relationship

Tanika and Michael have become stepsiblings

A theorist might point out which social fact to support the consensus perspective?

The 2 major political parties in the US have existed for decades, and despite strong partisanship, citizens generally follow the governance of either party

Based on what you read in the "Changing Culture" section, why would the culture of intensive parenting contribute to more people choosing to be childfree? The culture of intensive parenting prevents unmarried women from considering parenthood. The culture of intensive parenting ramps up expectations for how much time and resources parents devote to children. The culture of intensive parenting pushes back the age at which people begin having children. The culture of intensive parenting suggests standards for deciding to become a parent

The culture of intensive parenting ramps up expectations for how much time and resources parents devote to children.

Which of the following defines the term separation?

The formal or informal separation of married spouses into different households (?from book not inquizitive)

What was a relatively common form of polygamy in the nineteenth century?

The practice in Mormon communities for a man to have more than one wife

Which of the following IS NOT a contributing factor to the feminization of poverty? Women earn lower incomes than men, on average. There was a rise in the rate of births to single mothers. Women usually end up as children's primary caretakers after divorce. There was an increase in the number of mothers who were not in the labor force.

There was an increase in the number of mothers who were not in the labor force.

What is a disadvantage to big data research?

This kind of research requires powerful computers

Which of the following IS NOT a way that marriage brings about health benefits? Through additional responsibility through enhanced status through changes in behavior through increased cooperation

Through additional responsibility

In today's political environment, progressive work-family policies are the most innovative at the state and local levels. True False

True

Latinos have the highest fertility rate at 2.1 births per woman, which equals the replacement fertility rate. True False

True

Rather than marrying for political, economic, and social reasons, individuals began to value companionship, friendship, and romance at the turn of the 20th century. True or False??

True

Identify the scenario that could cause a "marriage squeeze." --a preference among young people to marry others of similar education attainment --a large influx of young adult male migrants into the country --a land war that wiped out a large number of civilians

a large influx of young adult male migrants into the country

Which of the following examples DOES NOT fit the definition of a legal family? a single man and his two dogs a single mother and her adopted son a recently married gay couple a husband, a wife, and the wife's biological son a divorced father and his daughter

a single man and his two dogs

Define Crude Divorce Rate

calculates the number of divorces per 1,000 people in a country

All of the following are trends seen in parents with more education except: children of highly educated parents are less likely to be obese parents spend more time with their children children of highly educated parents are more likely to be obese parents spend more money on their children

children of highly educated parents are more likely to be obese

Which of the following forms of cohabitation is most associated with same-sex individuals? none of the above cohabitation after marriage cohabitation before marriage cohabitation instead of marriage

cohabitation instead of marriage

Divorce is LEAST common among people with which of the following levels of education? less than high school high school some college college or advanced degrees

college or advanced degrees

Since the 1980s, divorce rates have ________. decreased slightly decreased sharply increased slightly increased sharply

decreased slightly

According to the text, _________ frees people from a need to marry and __________ undermines people's prospects for marriage. economic insecurity, economic independence occupational history, education level economic independence, economic insecurity education level, occupational history

economic independence, economic insecurity

The physical, sexual, or emotional abuse of a parent or older family member is defined as intimate partner violence child abuse family violence elder abuse

elder abuse

What is the study of ancestry and family history?

genealogy

Which of the following groups is LEAST LIKELY to use assisted reproductive technology?

heterosexual couples who have just begun trying to have a child

Based on what you read about the children most likely to be victims of domestic abuse, identify which policy is UNLIKELY to reduce child abuse and neglect. social welfare programs that give money to poor families access to mental health services for adults and their children marriage counseling and family support programs that reduce violence between adults in the home housing vouchers that allow poor families to move often

housing vouchers that allow poor families to move often

Cultural pressure on women to devote more time, energy, and money to raising children is defines as _________. intensive motherhood motherhood penalty helicopter parenting motherhood ideal

intensive motherhood

When one partner loses a job, the marriage: is often weakened, if the woman lost her job. is strengthened, if the woman stays home to help with family work. is often weakened, regardless of who lost their job. is strengthened, as the couple works together to overcome difficulties.

is often weakened, regardless of who lost their job.

Statistics on violence in same-sex partnerships are limited but indicate that lesbian women are less likely to be victims than straight women. lesbian women are more likely to be victims than straight women. gay men are more likely to be victims than straight men. lesbian and straight women are equally likely to be victims.

lesbian and straight women are equally likely to be victims.

More cases of child abuse are perpetrated by _____________ than any other group. strangers mothers fathers other family members

mothers

Which of the following kinds of relationships would not be included under the category of intimate partner violence? cohabiting couples dating couples parent-child pairs married spouses best friends

parent-child pairs best friends

Which of the following characteristics DECREASES a couple's chance of divorce? arguing about household chores spending time alone together avoiding having sex discussing their marital unhappiness with friends

spending time alone together

Most people who do not report intimate partner violence to the police fail to do so because they handle it personally they believe the police won't help them they feel it is not important they are afraid of the consequences

they are afraid of the consequences

Imagine you are selected to take part in a study, and the researcher asks you to track and report the times of day in which you study, work, relax, interact with family, and interact with friends. What kind of study method would this be?

time use

Concerning abuse of elderly adults, which of the following most closely defines the term coercive control?

withholding elderly people's money so they cannot make daily life decisions

With regard to initiating divorce proceedings: men are more likely to file. women are more likely to file. parents are more likely to file than nonparents, regardless of gender. men and women are equally likely to file.

women are more likely to file.