HDFS 2200 final cumulative exam

At 13 percent, the proportion of U.S. residents born in another country is higher than it has been since

1910

Which immigration act lifted all numerical restrictions on the immigration of spouses, children, and parents of U.S. citizens?

1995 Amendments to the Immigration and Nationality Act

According to Is hooking up bad for young women? What percent of college students reported that their most recent hook-up involved only kissing and touching?

33%

In 2012, what percentage of single mothers were employed?

62

What is the conflict that Justin Baldoni describes related to his life?

A conflict between who he feels he is and who the world tells him he should be as a man

In her book The Cultural Contradictions of Motherhood, sociologist Sharon Hays describes an ideology she calls intensive motherhood, which is:

A cultural pressure on women to devote more time, energy, and money to raising their kids.

An event in which the participants are supposed to have fun and get to know each other for a possible romantic relationship is:

A date.

Which of the following is an example of a family tie formed by emotional connections?

A family friend who you refer to as "auntie"

According to Michelle Budig what two policies shrink the motherhood penalty?

High-quality childcare for babies and toddlers and moderate-length paid parental leave

Married sex, as compared to sex for singles, is characterized by

Higher frequency

Jackson, age 10, just received his first cellular phone. What does this mean in relation to his parents?

His parents will be more likely to know what he is doing.

In Meet the Patels, who does Ravi live with?

His sister

John chose a new seat on the opposite side of the room after his classmate "came out" during class. This illustrates...

Homophobia

Shanae is sexually attracted to people of the dame gender and engages primarily in same-sex sexual activities. This form of sexual orientation is best described as

Homosexual

A casual sexual or romantic encounter without explicit commitment or exclusivity is:

Hooking up.

The work to maintain a household's function is

Housework

The concept of social distance illustrates

How closely people of different races live to one another

The extent to which mothers open or close the gate to the father's involvement with the child/children is related to: (ALL OF THESE ARE CORRECT)

How confident the father appears when interacting with his child/children How much influence the father feels like he has in child-related decision making How much the father is involved in the day-to-day care of his child/children

Lashalla, an African American woman, is on a dating show in which she must pick one of four male suitors to marry. Based on what you know about race and marriage patterns, which suitor is she most likely to pick?

Idris, the black man

According to rape justification literature, what is a widely held assumption among men?

If a woman engages in some level of physical activity with a man, she is obligated to have intercourse and thus he can just tell her they are going to have sex

What is my policy on late work?

Late work is not accepted

When faced with economic difficulty, what business did the Stanley sons begin in order to help the family?

Lawn Care

Statistics on violence in same-sex partnerships are limited but indicate that

Lesbian and straight women are equally likely to be victims.

What theoretical perspective does the following statement represent? Family structure includes the progression from childhood to adulthood, which must be understood in a social and historical context.

Life course perspective

Which is true about social class and marital happiness?

Richer couples tend to be happier, whether married or cohabiting

According to Is hooking up bad for young women?, women complained that committed relationships competed with:

School work

The phenomenon in which women have seemingly endless housework and child care on top of hours of paid work is referred to by sociologist Arlie Hochschild as

Second shift

Industrialization in the United States contributed to the development of all the following ideas EXCEPT:

Secularism

Jamilla, who had a white mother, was brought up to see herself as white. When asked, she would say she was white. However, as she grew older, she began to embrace her Arab heritage and to instead identify as mixed race. Jamilla's example illustrates the strong role of what in racial identification

Self-Identification

One important modern principle used in almost all data collection about race and ethnicity involves:

Self-identification

Typically, what days of the week are various assignments due?

Sunday, Wednesday, Saturday

In part because of the legal, technological, or financial obstacles they must overcome to have children, same-sex couples have been shown to

be unusually committed to parenting

In part because of the legal, technological, or financial obstacles they must overcome to have children, same-sex couples have been shown to

be unusually committed to parenting.

One argument that Afifi makes is that

because children today tend to be very close to their parents, they are impacted by their parents' divorce

According to How to Lost Your Virginity, purity balls may be negative because

because fathers and husbands are put in charge of women's sexuality

The idealized "traditional" nuclear family, consisting of male breadwinner and female homemaker, was the most common arrangement

beginning in the mid twentieth century

During the nineteenth century, the social construction of childhood developed in all of the following ways EXCEPT

conformity was emphasized

What theoretical perspective does the following statement represent? Society is the "collective expression of shared norms and values."

consensus

Which of the following characteristics does NOT increase a couple's chance of divorce?

having young children

Research has found an association between parenthood and

higher depression

Darren argued that all the romantic couples he knows are people who are very similar to each other. He says this is because they tend to be in the same places and situations. His argument is closest to the family science term

homophily

Colonial children did not lead innocent lives and were controlled through strict discipline and hard work, due primarily to which social force?

religious belief

The ideology that dictates that women are naturally ideal for homemaking is known as:

separate spheres

Risk factors for children being abused include all of the following EXCEPT

single parenthood

Which surface difference is perhaps most important biologically

skin color

The process by which individuals internalize elements of the social structure, making them part of their own personality, is

socialization

Jarrod O'Reilly's favorite holiday is St. Patrick's Day, since he is of Irish descent. He wears green, throws a big party, and even drinks green beer. But for the rest of the year, Jarrod does not think much about his Irish background, illustrating

the sometimes voluntary nature of ethnicity.

In countries were men have greater educational and occupational advantages

violence against women is more common

The 1993 policy implemented by Bill Clinton to address the issue of gay military recruits was known as:

"Don't Ask, Don't Tell"

In the early 1900s, the reasons for marriage began to change. This cultural shift is known as:

"Institution to companionship"

Most sociologists conceptualize social class as

A ladder

Even though US society rigorously values individualism, Americans nevertheless still predominantly view marriage as:

A lifelong commitment

The Gini index is...

A measure of inequality.

According to Modern Romance, an ideal first date would be:

A monster truck rally

Current research regarding the cause of sexual orientation indicated that which of the following is UNLIKELY to play a role?

Religious convictions

Your text argues that diversity in relationships is scripted. This means that

A variety of ways of forming and maintaining relationships are common today

With regard to research findings on Internet dating profiles

About one-third of photographs are misleading

What is the summary of an article called?

Abstract

"Shotgun" weddings decreased as

Acceptance of single parenthood increased

When Julio and his family moved to New York City from the Dominican Republic, he went to an English-speaking school. However, he continued to speak Spanish at home. This is an example of:

Acculturation

Which of the following would not be good Netiquette?

Addressing a person instead of his or her idea

Which of the following is an example of a family tie formed by legal recognition?

Adopted parents

According to Modern Romance, the "best of" mentality?

Affects our search for romantic partners

Which of the following groups is most likely to date within their racial-ethnic group?

African Americans

Which persons who are Black are NOT more likely to die than Whites?

All Black persons are more likely to die than White persons

Which of the following will increase learning and memory?

All of these (self-care, mindfulness, exercise)

Who does Justin Baldoni ask to forgive him (and all the other men of the world) at the end of the video?

All women

Based off what we learned in the video, what is a microaggression?

An indirect, subtle, or unintentional act of discrimination against a marginalized group

What is Human Development and Family Science?

An interdisciplinary area of study that focuses on families in context

The legal term that indicates a marriage was NEVER legally binding is:

Annulment

According to Jackson Katz, a bystander is:

Anybody who is not a perpetrator or a victim in a given situation but who is embedded in a relationship with the people in the situation

When compared with straight relationships, gay and lesbian dating relationships

Are complicated by more negative social pressures

Sexual orientation refers to a pattern of sexual ____ to others in relation to one's gender identity.

Attraction

Social status is one of the rewards of marriage. Consequently, some single people-particularly women-suffer from:

Stigma

According to Is hooking up bad for young women?, a big change in adolescent and young adult sexual behavior occurred in the:

Baby Boomer Period

This generation has the highest divorce rate on record:

Baby Boomers

According to How to Lost Your Virginity, purity balls may be negative because

Because fathers and husbands are put in charge of women's sexuality

What is the reason that Professor Kamp Dush accept late assignments?

Because she believes that it is an important professional development skill to be able to manage deadlines effectively, even when experiencing challenges

Because sex and gender are so closely linked, genetic predisposition affects the behaviors of men and women. This statement is most consistent with which perspective on gender?

Biological

Access to education and health care, the role of poverty, and the impact of social distance help explain the higher STD rate of which racial group?

Blacks

Most African American slave children lived with:

Both parents

What is the big reason, according the Family Structure Matters, that the gender gap in educational, behavioral, and social outcomes is growing?

Boys are often hit harder by having unmarried parents and by the absence of a father

What state was featured in Sex 101 and has one of the most progressive sex ed laws in the country?

California

What is the goal for men who are not abusive according to that Jackson Katz?

Challenge other men who are abusive

The quintessential care work, which is usually hands-on, intimate work to provide children with the material, intellectual, and emotional support they need, is

Child care

What is one reason women with lower education levels tend to have more children?

Childrearing threatens higher incomes and career status.

For members of a social class, the everyday interactions, shared economic circumstances, distinctive ways of life, and an awareness of those patterns is known as

Class identity

A family consisting of two parents and their children, whose priorities are personal fulfillment and common affection, would be considered a:

Companionship family

What theoretical perspective does the following statement represent? The roles of men and women are part of an "unstable system ripe for... change."

Conflict

The following is an example of which of the 4 horsemen? "I hate how you always make plans with your friends and never invite me. What, are you ashamed of me?"

Criticism

Which strategy is NOT an example of a way a mother will encourage a father's involvement with their child/children?

Criticizing the outfit the father helped the child put on.

What is one of the reasons why Bella moved to Washington?

Her mother finally has a man in her life to take care of her

This policy passed by Congress in 1996 forbade the government from recognizing the marriages of same-sex couples.

DOMA

The Income Effect has been noted to:

Decrease divorce as income increases

Since the 1980s, divorce rates have ____

Decreased slightly

Which is NOT a reason that persons who are Black have poorer health than persons who are White?

Decreased stress hormones

After a divorce, women's income, on average:

Decreases

The following is an example of which of the 4 horsemen? "It's not my fault! You were the one who forgot to tell me that the credit card payment was due. I don't know how I ended up married to someone so irresponsible."

Defensiveness

The term queer includes all of the following sexual orientations, EXCEPT

Heterosexual

What theoretical perspective does the following statement represent? Family behavior and household structures contribute to larger population processes in many important ways.

Demographic perspective

What theoretical perspective does the following statement represent? Family behavior and household structures contribute to larger population processes in many important ways/

Demographic perspective

In Meet the Patels, what is bio data?

Detailed personal information to be given to a prospective match and their family

Contrary to earlier scientific beliefs, today's biologists generally see race as....

Differences that mostly evolved randomly.

The social class gap between those with Internet access and those without is known as

Digital divide

The process of families deciding who will do various chores and duties is an example of

Division of labor

The legal term that indicates a marriage is no longer binding is:

Divorce

Which of the following is NOT a major trend in the historical changes in American family life?

Divorce rates have skyrocketed

According to the video Sex 101, high schools that offer a teen health clinic, free contraceptives, free condoms, and fact-based sex ed:

Do not affect how much teens think about sex because virtually every teen is exposed to sex in the media and society

As some researchers have discovered, whites often:

Do not identify themselves as members of any racial or ethnic group

The purpose of marriage for people today differs greatly from people in the past. According to the article, The Way We Never Were, what was the most common purpose of marriage in our history?

Gain advantageous in-laws and expand the family labor force.

Humans' increased longevity over time is largely the result of:

Education

The physical, sexual, or emotional abuse of a parent or older family member is defined as

Elder abuse.

Members of the upper class often marry each other, maintaining the deep pool of social capital available to them. This mate selection practice is called

Endogamy

Marriage and reproduction within a distinct group is called ____; marriage and reproduction outside one's distinct group is called ____.

Endogamy; exogamy

When it comes to the relationship between evolution and social interaction and their influences on mate selection, your text suggests that:

Evolution operates in the background, while personal preferences hold more sway.

Employees of a retail restaurant chain work to generate profit for the corporation, and that wealth is controlled by executives. Conflict theorists call this

Exploitation

True or False: The Personal Family is a group of individuals related by birth, marriage, or adoption

False

We should assume that someone is being dramatic if they react to a microaggression made against them

False

A personal outlook that puts family obligations first, before individual well-being, is called

Familism

In the late 1800s, long periods of family separation for Latinos and Chinese immigrants contributed to a culture of:

Familism

When giving a reason for missing a meeting, a staff member lets her boss know that she is unavailable because her grandmother is in the hospital. The boss accepts this as an excusable absence because...

Family commitments are privileged.

A research study found that employers rate ______________ as the most desirable employees.

Fathers

Gender differences are the product of social interaction that reflects men's dominant position relative to women. This statement is most consistent with which perspective on gender?

Feminist

According to How to Lose Your Virginity, which of the following were NOT used to check for virgins?

Fingernail test

Sexual identity can best be described as a

Fluid identity that can vary

According to Is hooking up bad for young women?, women reported varying degrees of sexual disrespect in what setting?

Fraternity culture

Sex and gender are different in that...

Gender refers to the social role based on one's categorical sex.

Which of the following concepts is illustrated by parents purchasing mostly pink items for their daughters (as shown in the opening photo of Chapter 5)?

Gender socialization

The rapid growth of the American Indian population over the last century--and the last 50 years in particular--is mostly due to

Greater desire, or willingness, of those with mixed ancestry to express that identity

African American families in the late nineteenth century had which of the following qualities?

Greater gender equality

According to Harvard economist Raj Chetty, which of the following is one of the strongest predictors of upward mobility?

Growing up with married parents

The STD that had the most impact on partners' communication about sex and sexual health is:

HIV/AIDS

According to Modern Romance, the average of age at marriage in the US:

Has increased for both men and women

Which of the following is one of the ways that Justin Baldoni attempts to get past that he isn't comfortable talking about his feelings?

He creates experiences that force him to be vulnerable, no matter how scary it may feel

More cases of child abuse are perpetrated by _____________ than any other group.

Mothers

Marriage rates among black women have declined due to all of the following except:

Increased job opportunities for black women

After a divorce, men's income, on average:

Increases

According to Modern Romance, the soul mate marriage is different from the companionate marriage in the following ways:

Individuals in soul mate marriages want their partners to be their best friend, trusted confidant, and most passionate lover.

The disparity in economic status and security between upper and lower classes is called:

Inequality

The article discusses a correlation between a reocurring theme in the Twilight series and the real world. Who are most responsible for female victimization?

Intimate partners

A sexual identity

Is assigned to all children at birth

Family-based immigration may have which of the following consequences?

It ensures that immigrant communities are regularly "replenished".

Which of the following describes the change in the Gini index scores for the United States in the past 60 years?

It has steadily increased since 1970

What is the purpose of Google Scholar?

It sorts articles that Google considers scholarly so that anyone interested may look at the current research.

Respect for elders, reliance on extended family networks, and matrilineal descent are characteristics of which Early American groups?

Native Americans

Why might Jane, a new mother, not put her infant son on his back to sleep, despite abundant evidence that infants who do not sleep on their backs are at risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?

Jane lacks the education

For the families in Two American Families, what was the major issue that was the catalyst for the family issues?

Job Loss

When it comes to occupational sex segregation

Job screeners might bring their preconceived ideas of gender to the applicant selection process

What types of websites should be utilized for research?

Journals

According to How to Lose Your Virginity, the virgin violinist played for what pop star?

Lady Gaga

It is difficult for sociologists and historians to know which parts of slave family life were African traditions because:

Language and customs were suppressed

An ethnicity is a group of people with a common cultural identification, based on a combination of

Language, religion, ancestral origin, or traditional practices

According to the report posted in the Washington Post, discussed in Family Structure Matters, how are states with high levels of married parenthood NOT affected?

Lower levels of growth for the state

Teen sex is described as being more male-oriented because

Males receive greater social rewards.

When a man expects his partner to ask him to do things, he's viewing her as the ________________ of household chores.

Manager

According to research, which of the following is NOT true about marital satisfaction?

Marriage is more beneficial for women than it is for men.

Which of the following is true about current trends in marriage?

Marriage rates are on the rise for those with college degrees.

The most common form of elder abuse is

Neglect

Which of the following is a key similarity between hooking up and dating multiple persons at once?

Neither involves exclusive commitment to one partner

Family scientists call the process of how or why people end up together:

Mate selection

Parents who cannot afford to provide adequate food and shelter for their children

May be guilty of neglect

For the Neumann family, which of the following were NOT stressors that the family faced in addition to poverty?

Meddling in-laws

For the Nuemann family, which of the following were NOT stressors that the family faced in addition to poverty?

Meddlings in-laws

Why do sociologists claim that joblessness led African Americans to retreat from the institution of marriage?

Men without jobs usually do not make attractive marriage partners.

The families in Two American Families lived in which city?

Milwaukee

In sociology, a group that occupies a subordinate status in society is called

Minority group

What theoretical perspective does the following statement represent? It is critical to understand the process by which individuality changed personal and institutional relations.

Modernity

The families in Two American Families DID NOT experience the following:

More income following the 2008 recession

In the video, what are "microaggressions" is compared to?

Mosquito bites

When it comes to sex selection of children, American parents...

Most commonly prefer one child of each sex.

Which of the following statements is true about couples therapy based on the "Is Divorce Contagious" article?

Most couples who enter couples therapy are debating whether or not they should even stay together

Which of the following statements is true about couples therapy based on the "Is Divorce Contagious" article?

Most couples who enter couples therapy are debating whether or not they should even stay together.

Americans believe which of the following, on average:

No adult can be happy without becoming a parent.

When compared to 50 years ago, the current population of singles looking for relationships is:

Older, more diverse, and more likely to have children

Government involvement in family life increased in the nineteenth century in all of following ways EXCEPT:

Outlawing divorce

The most profound finding on divorce in the past four decades is:

Parental conflict has a negative effect on children.

Annette Lareau followed a handful of families in their daily lives in order to understand their:

Parenting practices.

Which of the following is true about social class and parenting?

Parents usually guide their children to value the traits that will prepare them to stay at the same social class level.

How are women presented in the Twilight Saga?

Passive and weak

In Meet the Patels, according to Ravi's parents, what should his wife's last name be?

Patel

An extended family, guided by the authority of the father and functioning based on economic needs, would be considered a:

Patriarchal family

The pervasive element of European and American society in which men controlled all property and had control over women and children is called:

Patriarchy

If you are looking to get to your group's homepage, which left hand navigation tab should you start with?

People

As described in the text, the dating system of the early and mid-twentieth century

Permitted persons to date a variety of partners at one time

What type of family is defined as "the people to whom we feel related and who we expect to call us family too"?

Personal Family

Which of the following is included in the Self-Actualization category of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

Personal Growth

Recent waves of immigrants from Southeast Asia were...

Political and economic refugees without political skills or education

Poverty increased dramatically during the 2000s because of all of the following, EXCEPT

Poor work ethic

Who tends to fixate more on the safety level of Mount Maslow?

Poorer couples

According to the CRAAP method, which of the following IS NOT one of the 5 tips to evaluate a website?

Popularity

According to Is Hooking up Bad for Young Women?, hook-ups between total strangers is:

Relatively uncommon

According to Is hooking up bad for young women? Hook-ups between total strangers is:

Relatively uncommon

What does the "R" in the CRAAP method stand for?

Relevance

The following is an example of which of the 4 horsemen? "Yeah, I am not listening to this anymore. I am out of here."

Stonewalling

Which of the following historically limited black family structure?

Poverty

The decision that a person makes about who to be with in a relationship is ____ dating

Private

The practice of setting tax rates so that wealth is redistributed toward the poor is called...

Progressive taxation.

What disciplines inform HDFS?

Psychology, sociology, and economics (all of these)

Evidence from studies of online dating indicates that:

Racial-ethnic differences persist in the selection of a partner, whether online or in person

Kay's boyfriend had sex with her after she drank too much and passed out. This meets the legal definition of

Rape

What is the least efficient way to study?

Reading the notes

A gender approach in which one is neither exclusively masculine nor exclusively feminine is

Referred to as an androgynous approach

The term for the biological category of male and female, based on anatomy and physiology, is

Sex

Coming out is a significant event in the life of someone who identifies as queer because

Sexuality is part of self-identity

In Meet the Patels, why wouldn't/don't Ravi's parents like Audrey?

She is culturally American

Christina's parents divorced when she was 12. According to statistics, how does this affect the likelihood that she will divorce?

She is more likely than average to divorce

In "Why Domestic Abuse Victims Don't Leave" video, why did Leslie stay?

She thought she was a very strong woman who was the only person on Earth who could help Conor.

The video gives an example of a microaggression that can lead to death. What was the example?

Shooting an innocent person

cholars are unsure why marriage matters for children, but they know it does. What is NOT something, mentioned in the Family Structure Matters article, that may be affected in children's lives when living in an unmarried household?

Strained relationships with siblings

A young adult who can provide letters of recommendation from respected community leaders who are friends with his parents is often more likely to get a desired position or admission. This is an example of

Social capital

The difference between one's class origin and class destination is known as

Social mobility

When Jose was looking for a job, his father Jesus was able to get him an interview at a friend's company. Which category of skill or resource was Jesus providing to Jose?

Social networks

Religious leaders, counselors, media, and social workers are some examples of this category of reasons people marry:

Social pressure

The commonly understood pattern of interaction that serves as a model of behavior in familiar situations is:

Social script

What theoretical perspective revolves around people's ability to enact social roles based on the expectations of others?

Symbolic Interaction

What is NOT a feature of a Google Scholar search?

The ability to limit the search to articles that are easy to read and more accessible

Assimilation can be described as...

The acquisition of a new culture and language

According to the article, what is maternal gatekeeping?

The idea that mothers can exert control over fathers' involvement in child-rearing through their attitudes and behaviors

In which institutional arena does wealth accumulation take place?

The market

The sociological definition of fertility focuses on:

The number of children born in a society or among a particular group

Which of the following countries does NOT include the category of "Other" on questions about gender, thereby preventing transgendered people from being granted rights?

United States

Which of the following was NOT a criticism of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) discussed in the text?

The program required too many tax dollars and unfairly redistributed wealth

According to Is hooking up bad for young women?,young people today are having ____ sex at ____ ages than their parents.

The same amount of; similar

Which of the following facts is true about social mobility?

Until recent decades, social class persistence was mitigated somewhat by estate taxes

In the General Social Survey, 3.2 percent of Americans identify as:

Upper class

One important difference between ethnicity and race is

The sometimes voluntary nature of ethnic identity: Ethnicity can change over a person's lifetime

Jarros O'Reilly's favorite holiday is St. Patrick's Day, since he is of Irish descent. He wears green, throws a big party, and even drinks green beer. But for the rest of the year, Jarrod does not think much about his Irish background illustrating

The sometimes voluntary nature of ethnicity

In which institutional arena does facilitation of divorce take place?

The state

The author of The Way We Never Were: American Families And The Nostalgia Trap, notes that despite the many transformations since the first publication of her book, this one thing has not changed...

The tendency for Americans to view present-day family and gender relations through nostalgia

What does the mental load refer to?

The things that working mothers always have to commit to memory

What does the mental load refer to?

The things that working mothers always have to commit to memory.

The text suggests that lower-class families do not control the sexual behavior of female teens because

They are less able to protect their daughters from exploitation.

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) had two major goals. They were:

To provide assistance to poor families and promote two-parent families

Men with children are more likely to be hired than their childless counterparts.

True

True or False: Edward and Jacob both treat women as if they are property.

True

While women are more and more present in the workforce, they still mostly remain the only ones in charge of the household

True

While women are more and more present in the workforce, they still remain the only ones in charge of the household. True or False?

True

According to College Students and Sexual Consent: Unique Insights, male college students:

Use force or their strength to position a woman to give oral sex

What did Justin Baldoni challenge men to do?

Use the same qualities that they feel make them a man to go deeper into themselves

After carefully considering the pros and cons of other partners, Juan and MAria believe they make a good match and are committed to each other. Their behavior demonstrates

Utilitarian love

When comparing utilitarian love and romantic love:

Utilitarian love is more rational and romantic love is more spontaneous

Which of the following is NOT an example of a microaggression?

What's up?

Clothing that children wear to school reinforces gendered behaviors in which of the following ways?

When girls wear dressed they are limited in the physical activities in which they can participate

What can a family relationships be bound by?

Who we are in proximity to, biology, and emotion (all of these)

Which of the following is NOT an example of victim blaming?

Why did he force himself on her?

Families began having fewer children in the nineteenth century. Which of the following was NOT a contributor to this change?

Widely available information about birth control

Most people live, marry, reproduce, and raise children primarily...

Within their own racial-ethnic group.

With regard to initiating divorce proceedings:

Women are more likely to file

According to Is hooking up bad for young women?

Women orgasm more often and report higher levels of sexual satisfaction in relationship sex than in hookup sex.

Between 1900 and 1965 the "industrial revolution" of household technologies such as dishwashers and microwave ovens impacted women's household labor in what way?

Women spent about the same amount of time on housework

Which of the following is one of the work-based reforms that could help reduce work-family conflict?

Work hours could be reduced

Case Work is defined as

Work that is performed face-to-face for the purpose of enhancing the capabilities of another person

Which of the following is an example of a biological family tie?

Your parents

A recent study of residents in Framingham, Massachusetts found that:

a person is 75% more likely to divorce if a close friend does

According to the one-drop rule

a white woman could give birth to a black child, but a black woman couldn't give birth to a white child.

In a male-dominated wage economy, orphans and widows were commonly:

aided by an emerging welfare system

What constitutes the breadwinner-homemaker family as traditionally understood in early sociological theory?

an employed father, and mother without employment, and their children

The decrease in family violence has been attributed to

an increase in working women

For what reasons did companionate marriage appeal to many men in growing white-collar industries

as a remedy for alienation in the workplace

Contrary to stereotypes, children are least likely to be abused _____________.

by a friend or neighbor

When Shawna picks up her kids from soccer practice, sociologists would say she is engaging in what?

care work

The greatest expenses in raising children tend to come from

child care and education

Divorce is LEAST common among people with which of the following levels of education?

college or advanced degrees

Dante and Nina have a tumultuous relationship, and occasionally there is some pushing or shoving between them during arguments. These interactions are best described as

common couple violence

Appropriate parental discipline is decided by

common cultural understandings

The following is an example of which of the 4 horsemen?: "Oh, you're tired? Poor little baby. (eye rolling) I have been up since 6 am with the baby, had to run all over the building for meetings today, went and got groceries because someone apparently does not know how to buy toilet paper, and have spent the past 45 minutes trying to get the baby to bed. So, yeah, I do not even want to hear how 'tired' you are."

contempt

As mate selection became less a matter of economics and status and more an emotional endeavor, young people began the practice of

courtship

The following is an example of which of the 4 horsemen?: "It's not my fault! You were the one who forgot to tell me that the credit card payment was due. I don't know how I ended up married to someone so irresponsible."

defensiveness

What theoretical perspective does the following statement represent? Studies of birth, death, and migration should occur at the population level to help us better understand families

demographic perspective

Contrary to earlier scientific beliefs, today's biologists generally see race as

differences that mostly evolved randomly

The author says that it is challenging to define family because

different people and cultures use different definitions

Time-use data show that married women have cut their housework time roughly in half over the last half-century, while men have

doubled theirs

In the text's discussion of poverty in single-parent households, which of the following is NOT one of the types of scarcity mentioned?

education

Religious endogamy has increased, in part, due to:

ethnic assimilation of some groups, such as Jews.

What theoretical perspective does the following statement represent? Individuals and groups with different resources, strengths, and weaknesses enter into mutual relationships to maximize their own gains.

exchange

Which of the following is an important broad historic trend impacting the character of American family life

families performing more functional tasks at home

Gender differences are the product of social interaction that reflects men's dominant position relative to women. This statement is most consistent with which perspective on gender?

feminist

What does it mean to refer to the family connection as symbolic?

finding meaning in a family tie because one perceives that it has a meaning.

Decreased teen pregnancy rates have resulted primarily from

improved use of contraceptives

A number of historical events undermined the dominance of the male provider ideal, such as the

increase in women's employment

When a person's chromosomal composition does not correspond with his or her sexual anatomy, it is known as:

intersex.

Erica is experiencing psychological abuse and fears her husband's violent outbursts are becoming more dangerous. Erica is most likely experiencing

intimate terrorism

When one partner loses a job, the marriage:

is often weakened, regardless of who lost their job

Sue and Larry are both hotheads and often physically battle for control in their relationship. They are likely engaged in

mutual violent control

A very small fraction of children (less than 1 percent)

live in the care of same-sex couples.

The social space in which people search for potential marriage partners is called:

marriage market

A type of family in which people are considered descendants of their mothers is called:

matrilineal

If George's parents fail to take him to school on a consistent basis, they

may be guilty of neglect

A study comparing the sexual outcomes for Dutch and American teens found that the more permissive Dutch environment is associated with

more monitoring of teen sexual behavior

Lucia was concerned about the well-being of her 11-year-old, who seemed increasingly anxious. What is a child well-being expert likely to prescribe for Lucia's daughter?

more play time

According to the New Parents Project, a sample of primarily highly educated, dual-earner, married parents who had their first child in central Ohio,

new fathers did less housework after their babies were born

Over the course of the twentieth century, there was a trend in households from primarily married-couple households toward:

no new dominant standard

Parenting is stressful because

of the second shift that parents (mothers) do

The price one pays for choosing the less lucrative available option is known as

opportunity cost

The sociological perspective on work and family is different from common notions in that it

pays attention to both the content and social context of work.

The family in the second half of the twentieth century was heavily impacted by

reduction of the home as a place of work

A race is a group of people believed to share common descent, based on _____________.

perceived innate physical similarities

Which of the following is NOT a familial relationship recognized by the census?

personal family

All of the following are true of people who are single and looking for a relationship today compared with singles 50 years ago, EXCEPT

persons who are single today are more likely to have mental health problems

An ethnic group perceived to share physical characteristics is called

racial ethnicity

Which of the following characteristics DECREASES a couple's chance of divorce?

spending time alone together

The following is an example of which of the 4 horsemen?: "Yeah, I am not listening to this anymore. I am out of here."

stonewalling

Expectations for men's behavior compared to women's behavior

support a narrow cultural view of masculinity

When it comes to children's success in three major dimensions—being happy and well adjusted, doing well in school, and staying out of serious trouble—which parental stance has proven beneficial?

supportiveness

In the late 1970s, only one-third of Americans thought that mothers' employment was not harmful for their preschool-aged children; 30 years later, that proportion rose to two-thirds, illustrating

that popular attitudes toward the appropriate divisions between men and women have gradually shifted

Although Jeff has a high-paying job, he decided to take a lower-paying position so that he could spend more time with his kids, reflecting

the involved father ideal

In recent decades, the most important sociological change to families has been

the movement of women's work from their families to the paid labor market.

Max Weber originated the concept of life chances, which refers to

the practical opportunity to achieve material success

Most people who do not report intimate partner violence to the police fail to do so because

they are afraid of the consequences

Middle-class and affluent families were the first to develop an emphasis on emotional bonds in family life because

they had no need to consider the economic impact of mate selection

Many adults influence the life of a child. The adults who have the most direct influence are

those who live with them

There are three main factors within couples' relationships that seem to account for the fact that women perform so much more unpaid work in the home

time, resources, and gender

What is one of the ways that sociologists attempt to reduce bias in their studies?

using publicly funded nationally representative studies

The one-drop rule helps explain what about Barack Obama?

why he was labeled the first black president

The gender division of labor means that

women do the lion's share of housework and care work, and they are concentrated in certain paid occupational areas

Which of the following is NOT supported by religious conservatives?

women having greater authority than men in the home

Which of the following is one of the ways that Justin Baldoni attempts to get past the fact that he isn't comfortable talking about his feelings?

•He creates experiences that force him to be vulnerable, no matter how scary it may feel. In sociology, a group that occupies a subordinate status in society is called

As this time in the United States, what fraction of people who marry have cohabited first?

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