HDFS 2200 Final Study Guide
What is the average cost of weddings today? 50,000 35,000 20,000 5,500
35,000
Which educational group has the highest rate of employment for mothers with children? College graduates High school graduates Less than high school
College graduates
The legal term that indicates a marriage was NEVER legally binding is: separation. annulment. marital dissolution. divorce.
annulment.
Concerning abuse of elderly adults, which of the following most closely defines the term expressive aggression?
berating elderly people in public and mocking their physical impairments
According to "The Story Behind the Numbers" in 2015, about how many hours weekly did men put into housework? 10.2 18.8 21.9 4.7
10.2
According to the chart in your text, what percent of men, age 20-24 years, were married in 2015? 10% 8.2% 35.4% 29.9%
8.2%
Identify the antipoverty policy that the evidence supports as the best approach. A broad redistribution policy in which poor households receive a proportional amount of money back at tax time that raises their income to above the poverty line. A program designed to promote marriage among the poor through couples counseling and tying benefits to marital status. A policy of pushing the poor off of government programs and into the labor force. A program that supplements single mothers' income by counting their child care as paid employment.
A broad redistribution policy in which poor households receive a proportional amount of money back at tax time that raises their income to above the poverty line.
Which of the following IS NOT contributed to families' having fewer children in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries? Abandoned children were adopted or fostered More children lived into adulthood Raising children cost more money Children's labor was not needed
Abandoned children were adopted or fostered
Which racial ethnic group has seen the most rapid and pronounced decline in marriage rate than any other group? African American American Indian Asian Hispanic
African American
The text outlines which of the following reasons a person, or her partner, may seek an abortion? resource constraints time constraints medical reasons related to the baby or mother All of the above
All of the above
Women in which of the following racial-ethnic groups have the HIGHEST marriage rates? Latinas Blacks Whites Asians
Asians
Which of the following IS NOT an example of a transition that may add to a child's stress and affect his or her development? Moving to a new, safer neighborhood An aunt's moving in after losing her job A mother's boyfriend's moving into the home Being punished unfairly by a parent
Being punished unfairly by a parent
Chapter 10
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Chapter 9
Chapter 9
How is cohabitation related to the likelihood of getting a divorce?
Couples who cohabit before marriage are more likely to divorce, but this is due to factors other than cohabitation
The American Time Use Survey shows that men and women perform nearly equal hours of housework. True False
False
The independence effect raises the likelihood of divorce because it motivates women to leave their marriages, whether they are fairly happy or unhappy. True False
False
The total fertility rate in the United States is currently 1.82, which is the same as the replacement fertility rate. True False
False
With the exception of the last few decades, there has been a long-term trend over the last few centuries toward increasingly violent societies. True False
False
Which of the following IS NOT a reason for the "motherhood" penalty in wages? Women often stop working or drop to part-time work after having children. Fathers' earnings increases allow women to shift to less demanding careers. Work-family conflict interferes with the time and energy women devote to work. Employers discriminate against women with children.
Fathers' earnings increases allow women to shift to less demanding careers.
How have parents' reasons for having children changed over time? Parents' reasoning used to be rational, and now it is vague Having children is more of an emotional or symbolic asset, not a practical one. Children are valued more for their practical household value then for emotional or symbolic reasons. Having children used to be taken for granted, whereas now it is planned.
Having children is more of an emotional or symbolic asset, not a practical one.
Why are homicide rates the standard measure of trends in violent crime?
Homicides are counted very accurately
The victims of family violence may be classified in three groups: intimate partners, children, and elders. What two elements are usually present in the relationship between victims and perpetrators of family violence?
Intimacy and a care relationship
What is the most important way in which legal recognition of gay and lesbian families reduces boundary ambiguity?
It makes the marriage and the family more socially recognized
Which of the following work-family conflict issues is more characteristic of professional parents than of working-class parents? Going through periods of not working. Working multiple jobs. Working too few hours. Lacking a barrier between work and home life.
Lacking a barrier between work and home life.
Identify the arguments Americans made about divorce in the late nineteenth century.
Many feared that allowing men and women to divorce would degrade the meaning of marriage. Many viewed remarriage for the spouse who had been "innocent" as acceptable. Remarriage was viewed as more of a problem than divorce.
Which statement describes the assumptions that underlie Becker's marketplace theory of marriage? Marriage is voluntary and popular Marriage is voluntary and economically valuable Marriage is voluntary and there is competition for mates. marriage is popular and there is competition for mates.
Marriage is voluntary and there is competition for mates.
Which of the following IS NOT one of the reasons why a large majority of adults eventually marry? --Most people try to conform to the expectation that sex belongs with marriage --Media, family, and religious leaders pressure people to marry --Marriage brings both legal and symbolic rewards -People tend to do what others around them have done
Most people try to conform to the expectation that sex belongs with marriage
Christina's parents divorced when she was 12. According to statistics, how does this affect the likelihood that she will divorce? She is more likely than average to divorce. She is equally likely than average to divorce. She is less likely than average to divorce. Neither more nor less.
She is more likely than average to divorce.
Couples often act out the gender roles they saw their parents enact, which is an example of what process? Feedback Gender inequality Socialization Stratification
Socialization
Tanika is a child in a blended family. Tanika's mother married a man who has one son, Michael. Identify the accurate definition of Tanika and Michael's relationship
Tanika and Michael have become stepsiblings
Based on what you read in the "Changing Culture" section, why would the culture of intensive parenting contribute to more people choosing to be childfree? The culture of intensive parenting prevents unmarried women from considering parenthood. The culture of intensive parenting ramps up expectations for how much time and resources parents devote to children. The culture of intensive parenting pushes back the age at which people begin having children. The culture of intensive parenting suggests standards for deciding to become a parent
The culture of intensive parenting ramps up expectations for how much time and resources parents devote to children.
Which of the following defines the term separation?
The formal or informal separation of married spouses into different households (?from book not inquizitive)
Which of the following IS NOT a contributing factor to the feminization of poverty? Women earn lower incomes than men, on average. There was a rise in the rate of births to single mothers. Women usually end up as children's primary caretakers after divorce. There was an increase in the number of mothers who were not in the labor force.
There was an increase in the number of mothers who were not in the labor force.
Which of the following IS NOT a way that marriage brings about health benefits? Through additional responsibility through enhanced status through changes in behavior through increased cooperation
Through additional responsibility
In today's political environment, progressive work-family policies are the most innovative at the state and local levels. True False
True
Latinos have the highest fertility rate at 2.1 births per woman, which equals the replacement fertility rate. True False
True
Which of the following IS NOT an explanation for why women perform more household and child care, on average, than men do? Women have greater resources, allowing them to take time off from work. Women have fewer economic resources with which to bargain. Women have more time available at home. Men and women play out the roles they've seen before.
Women have greater resources, allowing them to take time off from work.
Which of the following is a definition of care work? Work done by employees for pay Work to maintain a household's functions The exertion of effort to produce or accomplish something Work performed face-to-face for the purpose of enhancing the capabilities of another person.
Work performed face-to-face for the purpose of enhancing the capabilities of another person.
Identify the scenario that could cause a "marriage squeeze." --a preference among young people to marry others of similar education attainment --a large influx of young adult male migrants into the country --a land war that wiped out a large number of civilians
a large influx of young adult male migrants into the country
Which of the following parenting styles is characterized by high demandingness and high responsiveness? indulgent authoritarian neglectful authoritative
authoritative
Contrary to stereotypes, children are least likely to be abused _____________. by fathers at day care by a friend or neighbor by mothers
by a friend or neighbor
Which of the following is the definition of the divorce-marriage ratio?
calculates the frequency of divorce to the frequency of new marriages
Define Refined Divorce Rate
calculates the number of divorces per 1,000 married couples in a country
Define Crude Divorce Rate
calculates the number of divorces per 1,000 people in a country
All of the following are trends seen in parents with more education except: children of highly educated parents are less likely to be obese parents spend more time with their children children of highly educated parents are more likely to be obese parents spend more money on their children
children of highly educated parents are more likely to be obese
Which of the following forms of cohabitation is most associated with same-sex individuals? none of the above cohabitation after marriage cohabitation before marriage cohabitation instead of marriage
cohabitation instead of marriage
Divorce is LEAST common among people with which of the following levels of education? less than high school high school some college college or advanced degrees
college or advanced degrees
Since the 1980s, divorce rates have ________. decreased slightly decreased sharply increased slightly increased sharply
decreased slightly
According to the text, _________ frees people from a need to marry and __________ undermines people's prospects for marriage. economic insecurity, economic independence occupational history, education level economic independence, economic insecurity education level, occupational history
economic independence, economic insecurity
The physical, sexual, or emotional abuse of a parent or older family member is defined as intimate partner violence child abuse family violence elder abuse
elder abuse
Which of the following groups is LEAST LIKELY to use assisted reproductive technology?
heterosexual couples who have just begun trying to have a child
Based on what you read about the children most likely to be victims of domestic abuse, identify which policy is UNLIKELY to reduce child abuse and neglect. social welfare programs that give money to poor families access to mental health services for adults and their children marriage counseling and family support programs that reduce violence between adults in the home housing vouchers that allow poor families to move often
housing vouchers that allow poor families to move often
After a divorce, men's income, on average: decreases. is supplemented by child support. is unaffected by divorce. increases.
increases.
Cultural pressure on women to devote more time, energy, and money to raising children is defines as _________. intensive motherhood motherhood penalty helicopter parenting motherhood ideal
intensive motherhood
When one partner loses a job, the marriage: is often weakened, if the woman lost her job. is strengthened, if the woman stays home to help with family work. is often weakened, regardless of who lost their job. is strengthened, as the couple works together to overcome difficulties.
is often weakened, regardless of who lost their job.
Statistics on violence in same-sex partnerships are limited but indicate that lesbian women are less likely to be victims than straight women. lesbian women are more likely to be victims than straight women. gay men are more likely to be victims than straight men. lesbian and straight women are equally likely to be victims.
lesbian and straight women are equally likely to be victims.
Parents who cannot afford to provide adequate food and shelter for their children may be guilty of neglect. may be within their rights as parents. may be guilty of abuse. may be bad parents, but not legally so.
may be guilty of neglect.
On average, postponing marriage means couples are: less educated. more financially secure. less emotionally developed. more unstable in their lives.
more financially secure.
More cases of child abuse are perpetrated by _____________ than any other group. strangers mothers fathers other family members
mothers
Sue and Larry are both hotheads and often physically battle for control in their relationship. They are likely engaged in mutual violent control violent resistance common couple violence intimate terrorism
mutual violent control
The most common form of elder abuse is neglect sexual physical emotional
neglect (?)
Which of the following DOES NOT fit under the textbook's "violence" category? sexual assault slapping neglect threatening to kill someone manipulation
neglect and manipulation
The __________ is the price one pays for choosing the less lucrative of the available options collectivism opportunity benefit individualism opportunity cost
opportunity cost
Most of the elderly who report abuse are abused by nursing or retirement homes paid caregivers other family members intimate partners
other family members
Which of the following kinds of relationships would not be included under the category of intimate partner violence? cohabiting couples dating couples parent-child pairs married spouses best friends
parent-child pairs best friends
Which of the following characteristics DECREASES a couple's chance of divorce? arguing about household chores spending time alone together avoiding having sex discussing their marital unhappiness with friends
spending time alone together
Concerning abuse of elderly adults, which of the following most closely defines the term physical violence?
striking elderly people out of frustration or to get them to comply
The increased likelihood of women and children to live in poverty is known as: the feminization of poverty. the poverty effect. the independence effect. the income effect.
the feminization of poverty.
Most people who do not report intimate partner violence to the police fail to do so because they handle it personally they believe the police won't help them they feel it is not important they are afraid of the consequences
they are afraid of the consequences
Lorena shot her husband after years of physical abuse at his hands. Her behavior is best classified as violent resistance mutual violent control intimate terrorism common couple violence
violent resistance
Concerning abuse of elderly adults, which of the following most closely defines the term coercive control?
withholding elderly people's money so they cannot make daily life decisions
With regard to initiating divorce proceedings: men are more likely to file. women are more likely to file. parents are more likely to file than nonparents, regardless of gender. men and women are equally likely to file.
women are more likely to file.