HDFS Final (CHP 7,8,9, 10, 11, 12)

With regards to ASD

"Red flags" of ASD include lack of eye contact, difficulty with social interaction and not pointing to communicate with others.

In 2016 the median age at first marriage for women was ___ and for men was ____

27.4 years and 29.5 years

In the past year, _____ of adolescents/young adults have experienced the death of a family member or friend.

48%

In the U.S. _____ of those 65 and older are very satisfied with their family life

67%

According to the Pew Research Center, _____ of adolescents currently have a smartphone or access to one.

95%

With regards to the developmental disorders ADD/ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder

ADD/ADHD is four to nine times more likely in boys than girls.

The sleep study by Keyes and colleagues found that

Adolescents who were getting less sleep at night were more likely to report that they thought they were getting enough.

Technological advances have influenced relationships in what respect?

Advances in technology has not changed love but has affected the ways in which people form, maintain, and terminate relationships.

Elsa is excited to learn to read in school and is proud that she can now read picture books to her younger sister Anna. What component of industry is most?

Affective component

Adolescent response to death can

All are correct regarding adolescent response to death

Division of household labor in couple relationships is influenced by

All influence the division of household labor between couples

According to Laura Carstensen's talk, older people are "happy" because they

All of the above are explanations she gave in her talk for why older people are "happy."

Variations in individual sexual scripts exist in part because

All of the above were discussed as explanations for variations in individual sexual scripts.

Work is important to adult development because it structures adult life it affects one's lifestyle such as where to live, what friends one has, even leisure time and activitiesIt influences one's self concept.

All of the answers are correct

Criticisms of Erikson's conceptualization of intimacy vs. isolation crisis include

All of the statements are criticisms

Which of the following is a Family Task of mourning?

Allow mourning to occur

One way ____ occurs when one is physically present but unable to participate in any meaningful way in family interactions, as when someone is in advanced stages of dementia

Ambiguous Loss

The researcher shows Janelle a card and asks her, "Are there more carrots or more vegetables in this picture?" The researcher is likely testing Janelle's

Classification skills

With regards to intelligence in middle adulthood

Crystallized intelligence can increase through middle and later adulthood.

Claire knows her brother Jon stayed out late with his friends, but she does not tell their parents because she does not want to get him in trouble. By keeping this secret, Claire is performing what sibling function?

Defend/Protect

Mila is progressing along the expected sequence of motor development (rollng over, sitting up, pulling up and has begun to start walking at 22 months) but at a slower and later pace than is typical. Mila would likely be described as having a _____.

Developmental delay

Later theorists were dissatisfied with Piaget's assertion that formal operations lasted until death or cognitive disability. Which of the following proposed post-formal stages describes adult intelligence as the ability to identify a solution with the awareness that alternative solutions may exist?

Dialectical operations

The central process for resolving the crisis of Industry versus Inferiority is

EDUCATION

The main reason proposed for the delayed entry into adulthood for youth today is

Economic conditions such as the need for higher levels of education to secure a good job and the high cost of living compared to income have led to the postponement of many markers of adulthood.

The failure to differentiate between the self and the non-self is known as

Egocentrism

Earlier in adolescence, one's identity development is more individualistically focused; later in adolescence a group identity and influence of reference groups becomes greater.

FALSE

Marriage rates are higher for those with lower levels of education and income.

False

The CDC study on adolescent sexual behavior behaviors revealed that:

Fewer adolescents are initiating sex or are currently sexually active as compared to a decade ago.

John's father has decided that John should be a computer programmer. John has not really thought about the issue much himself and will most likely do what his father advises. According to James Marcia, accepting his father's advice will put John in

Foreclosure

This indicator of individuation involves being capable of managing and directing one's own personal affairs such as where to go, what to do, and what to wear.

Functional

Which of the following is correct with regards to puberty?

Girls who are African American on average begin puberty earlier than girls who are white.

In their addition to Belsky's Model of Determinants of Parenting, Bogenschneider and colleagues proposed that the inclusion of _______.

Goodness of fit between parent and child.

Dennis lost his wife of 29 years to metastatic breast cancer this past fall. He is sad and angry and misses her a great deal. However, he is also relieved that her suffering has ended but is lonely as his life partner and best friend is gone. Dennis is experiencing

Grief

In this stage of Super's Life and Career Development stages, development of self-concept attitudes and an understanding of the general world of work are the focus

Growth

Physical growth during adolescence

Includes individuals gaining half their adult weight during this time.

The developmental process through which one comes to think of one-self as separate and distinct within one's relational context is

Individuation

Research exploring the connection between the presence of imaginary audience thinking with feelings of self-consciousness and processes of public individuation found that:

Insecure relationships with parents were related to greater maintenance of imaginary audiences into later adolescence and lower levels of public individuation.

The ability of one to experience loving, supportive, and open relationships with important others while maintaining a separate sense of self is known as

Intimacy

Companionate love is comprised of which two dimensions of love?

Intimacy and Commitment

For a person holding this meaning of work, their job or career is important because it provides both a source of and outlet for interest and self-determination

Intrinsic Orientation

Mark looks at the puzzle and immediately tells the researcher, "I can't do it." The researcher asks him to just give it a try. Mark responds "It does not matter how much I try, I can never do puzzles like other kids can." Mark might be exhibiting

Learned helplessness

While the percentage of young adults living with a spouse has declined over the past 50 years, the numbers of those living with a partner have increased. Regarding this, which of the following statements is correct?

Less then 1% of young adults lived with a cohabiting partner in 1968 but this increased to 14.8% in 2018

Monica believes that sexual activity belongs in the bedroom. Her new husband Chandler thinks it is okay to engage in sexual behavior in all rooms of the house. Their negotiations as to where to have sexual intercourse and of a marital sexual script in general is one aspect of which tasks of new couples?

Managing Emotional Climate Tasks

Regarding living arrangements of individuals 35 to 64 years of age

Over 60% of men and women live with their spouse.

Belsky's original Theoretical Model of Determinants of Parenting include the three categories of:

Parent's characteristics, Contextual sources of support, Child's characteristics

Some have argued that Piaget was incorrect in assuming that all adolescents and adults reason at the formal level until death. Their justifications included

People may only use the most sophisticated abstract reasoning skills when dealing with familiar problems or situations.

Alex and Simon's father died suddenly following a stroke. Alex and Simon had not talked to their father for over five years since he divorced their mother and remarried the women whom he had been having a relationship prior to the separation. Their relationship being estranged would fall under which of the five factors that can influence a family system's response to death?

Position of decreased in family

With regards to parents who have a child with a developmental disability, the study discussed in the chapter found that

Positive appraisals of the demands of child caregiving may be important to the parent's ability to sustain efforts over the long term.

To achieve this principle, Gottman and Silver recommend couples take the steps of (1) soften your startup, (2) learn to make and receive repair attempts, (3) soothe yourself and each other, (4) compromise, and (5) be tolerant of each other's faults.

Principle V: Solve your solvable problems

With regards to family tasks in middle adulthood, all of the following are correct EXCEPT

Re-nesting involves creating new ties with a spouse and reorganizing the household after a child moves out on their own.

Janelle knows that the two clay balls are the same amount even when one is rolled out as she can simultaneously manipulate the two dimensions of circumference and thickness in her mind. She recognizes that a change in one dimension is compensated for by a change in the other. According to Piaget, he would say that she understands

Reciprocity

In Arnett's research exploring what factors matter most in conceptualizing oneself as an adult findings include all of the following EXCEPT

Role transition

Kato enjoys his freedom now that he is living in an apartment near campus and can pretty much do what he wants when he wants without having to answer to anyone. His experiences best relate to which characteristic of Emerging Adulthood?

Self-Focus

The wide range of motives and behaviors that guide how people act in sexual situations is

Sexual Scripts

According to Goetting, this is NOT one of the tasks of siblings in Early and Middle Adulthood:

Shared reminiscence and perceptual validation

The types of programs that are helpful for dealing with grief can be different for adolescents as compared to those useful to adults or those aimed at children.

TRUE

Tonya is concerned about her children's health and wants to promote a healthier weight for them. Which of the following is NOT a suggestion you would give her?

Tell her children they are overweight and need to be on a diet.

All of the following are characteristics of concrete operational thought EXCEPT:

The ability to think abstractly.

The achievement of integrity in later adulthood requires

The acceptance of one's life as it has been lived

Proposed explanations for adolescents not getting the recommended amount of sleep at night include all of the following EXCEPT:

The increased use of screens before bedtime is the leading cause for the decrease in sleep hours by adolescents over the past 20 years

The term public self refers to:

The many roles one plays and the expectations of others.

With regards to dementia,

The most common cause (form) of dementia is Alzheimer's disease.

A "vertical" stressor that might be experienced with the loss of a parent would be:v

The ways in which emotional climate tasks are managed within the family complicates their ability to support each other in their grief

The CDC found with regards to adolescent experiences with bullying and relational violence all of the following EXCEPT

There were no significant differences with experiences of bullying at school by sexual orientation.

A realistic outcome of the grief process is

To find a way to continue to live with and accommodate the changes that happen with the expectation that the loss will likely continue to influence one's life.

Research findings regarding similarities and differences between same sex and other sex partners include all of the following EXCEPT:

With the legalization of same sex marriage, couples who are gay and lesbian now have the same level of social and legal supports as do heterosexual couples.

In middle adulthood, perception of time shifts to

a consideration of time left and what to do with the rest of one's life

Declan, 15, just broke up with her first girlfriend. When her mother tries to tell her she is sorry and had a similar experience when she herself was a teenager, Declan rebuffs her attempts to comfort her. Declan then says, "You just don't understand. You can't understand what I am feeling. You haven't felt this way!" Declan's thinking illustrates

a personal fable

According to Erikson, development is

a process of achieving ego identity.

Most individuals in later life live with

a spouse

Which of the following is NOT one of the mentioned influential factors for adjustment to death in mid- to late adulthood?

age and stage of individual experiencing the loss

many older adults can and do use technology, however barriers to adoption exist

all of the above are barriers to tech adoption and use by older adults

When we examine the savings of adults in midlife

almost half could not cover a $400 emergency without borrowing or selling something to do so

The three most common chronic conditions in later adulthood are

arthritis, hypertension and heart disease

It is recommended that children have how much physical activity?

at least 60 min a day

The long-term process of adjustment to the death of a loved one that is accompanied by physical symptoms, role loss, and a variety of intense emotions including anger, sorrow, anxiety, and depression

bereavement

Symptoms of family grief in extrafamilial relationships include all of the following EXCEPT:

change in patterns of communication (who talks to whom)

Because variations in life experiences and fitness among older adults are great, _____ becomes a less useful indicator of functioning in later life.

chronological age

Louise has trouble recalling random lists of items such as a grocery list or her daily to do list. To minimize the negative impact of her decline in memory she now uses a list app on her phone to keep track of items she needs to get at the store or do in a day. According to a SOC model, her use of this app to counteract her memory loss would be considered which process?

compensation

The one word that describes experiences of individuals in the latter two stages of life is

diversity

Knowing your partner likes ice in their water and prefers their coffee lukewarm would fall under Gottman's principle

enhance your love maps

Pleck asserted that individuals could take "paths" to reinventing their lives even with role loss and physical decline in later adulthood. Possible paths include all of the following EXCEPT

focusing on self-improvement

Most individuals in middle adulthood would rate their health as

good to excellent

Sexual activity in mid- to late life

has similar percentages of middle aged men engaging in solitary masturbation at least once in the past year as those in adolescence and early adulthood.

Towards the end of their life, Erik and Joan Erikson reconsidered the last stage of development as it was not entirely what they had conceptualized. Joan wrote about their changing views and the main addition she proposed was that

healthy resolution of prior stages leads to a n appreciation of the past even while living in ones constrained, care receiving present

A positive contribution of reminiscence as a coping strategy in later life is that i

helps provide continuity between past and present

Generativity in middle adulthood

includes a bettering of oneself by caring for others

Deliberate self-evaluation and private thought is

introspection

The provision of care for older adults

is even more gendered than the division of childcare and household labor

Weight gain in middle adulthood

is related to increased health risks with as little as 11 pounds gained

The daily things that people do to continue a relationship and keep it in good working order are referred to as

maintenance strategies

Malique is six. At this age he likely is able to conserve

mass

Performance on cognitive tests in later adulthood

may be affected by slowed processing speed of elder adults

Regarding income and wealth in middle adulthood

median weekly earnings for women are less than men across all age groups

It is estimated that at least _____ school aged children are obese.

one in five

Recognition and identification with cultural norms and practices while sharing aspects of one's essential character with others is part of the _____ aspect of ego identity.

outer presentation

According to Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, those in later adult

purposefully "prune" their social networks to focus on those connections that meet their emotional needs

This core pathology involves the rejection of roles and values that are perceived to be alien to oneself.

rejectivity

Which of the following memory abilities declines with age?

remembering to do actions in the future such as taking medication after breakfast

Khloe often judges every aspect of herself based on how she thinks she compares to others. This is an example of:

self evaluation

Raquelle recently lost her mother to a heart attack. At this time she and her dad and sisters are just basically going through the motions when conducting their everyday lives. They are still in shock at her sudden death and trying to grasp the reality of what happened. Raquelle and her family are most likely in what phase of grief?

shock phase

One's personal expectations about how their life will unfold is known as

social clock

According to Pauline Boss, ambiguous loss is different from other losses in that

there is no possibility for closure

One proposed reason for the increase in divorce rates among those 50 years and older is that

this generation (Baby Boomers) had greater marital instability in early adulthood as compared to other generations and this trend is just continuing

Most conceptualizations of intelligence deal with which three abilities?

to learn, to solve problems, to recognize problems

In the United States, there are higher rates of obesity for children who are Latina or African American than for those who are white, non-Hispanic.

true

The health implications of obesity in Asia are greater due to the fact that complications associated with being overweight start at lower BMIs for those who are Asian than adults in Europe or the U.S.

true

For those under the age of 8, children spend an average of more than _____ hours at home with some form of screened media each day.

two

Owen recently lost his dog Marley. He understands that all living things die and Marley cannot come alive again. However, he does not quite comprehend yet that Marley being dead means that she also cannot do what living things can. Owen grasps which components of death as a concept for children?

universality and irreversibility