health 334 exam 1 review
Primary prevention
is an extension of health education. include efforts that assist with the prevention of most discomfort, disorders, diseases, and premature death
Self-esteem
is based on the distance between the perceived self and the ideal self
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
is continuously released into the body via the bloodstream in small amounts during the day
Preventative health action
is defined as measures serving to avert the occurrence of illness or disease
Health intervention
is defined as the act or fact of interfering so as to modify
Bulimia nervosa
is eating and then vomiting soon afterward or using a laxative to get rid of the food in order to avoid weight gain
Secondary reinforcer
is much less obvious but still has some influence over behavior
Assertiveness training
is one of the most common personal improvement programs currently offered. teaches the differences between assertive, aggressive, and non assertive behavior and increases experience in applying responsible assertive behavior
Brand name
is patented by the pharmaceutical company which develops, manufactures, and distributes the drugs to pharmacies
United States Pharmacopoeia (USP)
is responsible for conferring the official standards of identity, purity, and effectiveness for all prescription drugs
Positive reinforcer
is rewarding
Anorexia Nervosa
is starving oneself, sometimes even to death, because of a personal belief that one is unattractive or unlovable
Gestalt counseling
is that unexpressed feelings result in unfinished business which detracts from feeling whole and interferes with personal growth
Hypothalamus
once this is stimulated two major response pathways are activated in the body: the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system
Trigger-point massage
promotes the healing of muscle sprains, chronic tendonitis, and chronic muscle spasms
Metabolic rate
rate or intensity at which the body produces energy
Support network
resources consisting of three systems that focus on clarifying how you define meaning from life through your beliefs and values, how you access support from those around you, and how you draw upon your own personal strengths and abilities
Adrenal glands
secrete mostly glucocorticoids, primarily cortisol, and mineralocorticoids, primarily aldosterone
Feminists
a person who advocates for equal rights for all persons with a special focus on women's concerns
Proactive care
involves designing and living a lifestyle that reduces the risks of illness and also improves one's current health status
Health education
involves research and study in the causes, prevention, and treatment of disorders and diseases
Punishment
involves the presentation of something uncomfortable
Heterosexism
is a belief or attitude that results in bias or discrimination toward anyone who is not heterosexual
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
is a cyclic, seasonal condition, meaning that signs and symptoms come and go at the same times every year
Complicated grief
is a delayed or incomplete adaptation to loss
Behavioral counseling
is a goal-focused method with the intent of altering behavior which restricts clients social, occupational, and other important activities, thereby improving their quality of life
Misogyny
is a hatred of women
Person-centered counseling
is a non directive approach whereby the mental health counselor utilizes reflection and clarification of clients verbal and non verbal communications to enhance insight and move clients toward greater self-acceptance
Liberal feminism
is a philosophy that sees the oppression of women as a denial of equal rights, representation, and the access to opportunities
Gender-relations theory
is a response to traditional Western psychology that emphasizes separation and individuation but neglects the intricacies of human interconnection
General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
is a specific pattern of responses that your body experiences as a reaction to continuous life demands or threats
Problem solving
is a step by step approach of planning and negotiating and involves all parties to be affected
Behavior change contract
is a written agreement in a behavior change program
Endocrine system
is activated by the anterior section of your hypothalamus
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
is activated by the posterior section of your hypothalamus
Sexism
is an attitude of bias or act of discrimination against a person because of his or her gender that usually involves economic exploitation or social domination
Depression
is an emotional state of persistent dejection that may range from mild discouragement to feeling extreme despair
Effective communication
components are appropriate body language, encouraging responses, paraphrasing, clarification, and summarization
Eustress
constructive stress or "good" stress
Distress
debilitating or excessive stress
Pituitary gland
CRF stimulates this gland and it releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Caveat emptor
a phrase that means "Let the buyer beware" meaning it is the consumer's problem to determine if the advertisement is misleading, and must make the decision not to purchase at her own discretion or risk
Saline Implants
a pouch filled with salt water used to reconstruct or increase the size of the breast
Silicone-gel filled implants
a pouch filled with silicone gel used to reconstruct or increase the size of the breast
Homeostasis
a state of internal balance
Counseling model
a style of psychotherapy rom which a counselor typically conceptualizes and councils a client
Feminist Therapy
also referred to as gender equity therapy, empowers women through an egalitarian (equity-based) relationship with the therapist
Spring and summer SAD
anxiety, insomnia, irritability, agitation, weight loss, poor appetite, and increased sex drive
Treatment interventions
are applied to halt the progress of a discomfort, disorder, or disease and, if possible, move the individual away from the discomfort and toward increased health
Exogenous factors
are external events that influence you
Endogenous factors
are those events that occur within you
Cross-fiber friction massage
assists in breaking up adhesions and stretches and realigns scar tissue with healthy muscle fiber
Glamorization
basing the desirability of a women on her body shape, mainly thinness in the arms, legs, face, and waist, and largeness of breasts and hips, is thought to have began in the 1830s when the camera was invented
Effective listening
begins with appropriate body language
Binge eating disorder
binge eating but not purging afterward
Breast augmentation
breast implants that increase the size of the woman's breasts
Chemical name
called this name in laboratories usually from the chemicals from which the drugs have been developed
Stress amenorrhea
cessation of the menstrual flow caused by stress
Five stages of grief
denial, anger, sorrow/despair/depression, bargaining, and acceptance
Fall and winter SAD
depression, hopelessness, anxiety, loss of energy, social withdrawal, oversleeping, loss of interests in activities once enjoyed, appetite changes (high in carbs), weight gain, and difficulty concentrating and processing information
Sexual Harrasment
described as unwanted sexual advances, requests for sexual favors and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that negatively affects the work environment (is recognized as a form of sex discrimination that violates the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Sexual Discrimination
discrimination (usually in employment) that excludes ones sex (usually women) to the benefit of the other sex
HIPPA
establishing standards for the privacy of individuals
Grief process
grief from the loss of a loved one as having three phases, each with its own set of characteristics, challenges, and choices: early mourning, mid-mourning, and late mourning
Diabetes mellitus
group of metabolic diseases identified by high blood sugar levels
Corticoids
hormones generated by the adrenal glands that influence the body's control of glucose, protein, and fat metabolism
Choice theory and reality therapy
humans are born with four genetically coded needs designated for their survival: "love and belonging, power, freedom, and fun"
Secondary prevention
identifies persons who are in the early stages of "unhealth" which may lead to the development of disorders or illnesses
Cognitive behavioral therapy
identifying and challenging irrational client beliefs that contribute to maladaptive feelings and behaviors
Health promotion
includes the idea that health is something to be nurtured and by doing so we can prevent the onset of much illness and disease
Emotional intelligence
is the ability to recognize your emotions and those of the people around you and have the competence to work with those emotions to resolve problems, especially problems in the workplace
Mourning
is the actual expression of loss, those behaviors that take place as a result of the grief experience
Tertiary prevention
is the application of an intervention to treat an existing disorder or illness (preventing it from getting worse)
Stress
is the body's response to demands
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)
is the classification of body-image disturbance reserved for the non-eating disorder population
Health care maintenance
is the continuation of what one is doing to maintain one's current health status
Self-efficacy
is the conviction that one can successfully execute the behavior or behaviors required to produce desired outcomes
Stressor
is the demand itself
Homophobia
is the fear or dislike of a person who is homosexual
Ongoing mindfulness
is the process of exploring your inner self and the influence that SCIs have on you
Negative reinforcer
is the removal of something uncomfortable, and this too can be rewarding
Epidemiology
is the study of the relationships of the various factors determining the frequency and distribution of diseases in human community
Reactive care
is the treatment of any illness, disorder, or disease that may develop
Existential counseling
is to assist clients to recognize the ways in which thy are not living fully authentic lives and to make choices that will lead to becoming what they are capable of being
Alternative medicine
is used in place of conventional medicine
Complementary medicine
is used with conventional medicine
Fight-or-flight-or-freeze response
is your body's natural response to a perceived danger
Sociocultural influences (SCIs)
may significantly impact your emotional health (examples: family members, family history, family values, religious doctrine, media, school activities..... )
Reverse SAD
persistently elevated mood, increased social activity, hyperactivity, and unbridled enthusiasm out of proportion to the situation
EDNOS (Aating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified)
persons who miss a diagnosis of anorexia or bulimia by only one criterion are diagnosed with this clinical condition
Psychosomatic disorders
physical illness generated by the effects of stress
Freudian Psychoanalytic theory
postulates a deterministic view of human nature in that unconscious biological and instinctual drives may result in irrational motivations as the individual evolves through key psychosexual stages in the early years of life
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
powerful adrenal hormones whose presence in the bloodstream prepare the body for maximal energy production and skeletal muscle response
Gynecology
the branch of medicine that specializes in female health
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
the federal agency charged with approval and control of drug-related products in the U.S.
Quackery
the promotion of a medical remedy that doesn't work and is known to be false or unproven
Bioavailability
the rate of absorption into the blood stream
Positive therapeutic relationship
trust is the key to this kind of relationship
Adlerian counseling
view of human nature is that humans are motivated primarily by social relatedness
Solution-focused therapy
views humans as competent with a therapeutic focus on what is possible