health 334 exam 1 review

Primary prevention

is an extension of health education. include efforts that assist with the prevention of most discomfort, disorders, diseases, and premature death

Self-esteem

is based on the distance between the perceived self and the ideal self

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

is continuously released into the body via the bloodstream in small amounts during the day

Preventative health action

is defined as measures serving to avert the occurrence of illness or disease

Health intervention

is defined as the act or fact of interfering so as to modify

Bulimia nervosa

is eating and then vomiting soon afterward or using a laxative to get rid of the food in order to avoid weight gain

Secondary reinforcer

is much less obvious but still has some influence over behavior

Assertiveness training

is one of the most common personal improvement programs currently offered. teaches the differences between assertive, aggressive, and non assertive behavior and increases experience in applying responsible assertive behavior

Brand name

is patented by the pharmaceutical company which develops, manufactures, and distributes the drugs to pharmacies

United States Pharmacopoeia (USP)

is responsible for conferring the official standards of identity, purity, and effectiveness for all prescription drugs

Positive reinforcer

is rewarding

Anorexia Nervosa

is starving oneself, sometimes even to death, because of a personal belief that one is unattractive or unlovable

Gestalt counseling

is that unexpressed feelings result in unfinished business which detracts from feeling whole and interferes with personal growth

Hypothalamus

once this is stimulated two major response pathways are activated in the body: the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system

Trigger-point massage

promotes the healing of muscle sprains, chronic tendonitis, and chronic muscle spasms

Metabolic rate

rate or intensity at which the body produces energy

Support network

resources consisting of three systems that focus on clarifying how you define meaning from life through your beliefs and values, how you access support from those around you, and how you draw upon your own personal strengths and abilities

Adrenal glands

secrete mostly glucocorticoids, primarily cortisol, and mineralocorticoids, primarily aldosterone

Feminists

a person who advocates for equal rights for all persons with a special focus on women's concerns

Proactive care

involves designing and living a lifestyle that reduces the risks of illness and also improves one's current health status

Health education

involves research and study in the causes, prevention, and treatment of disorders and diseases

Punishment

involves the presentation of something uncomfortable

Heterosexism

is a belief or attitude that results in bias or discrimination toward anyone who is not heterosexual

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

is a cyclic, seasonal condition, meaning that signs and symptoms come and go at the same times every year

Complicated grief

is a delayed or incomplete adaptation to loss

Behavioral counseling

is a goal-focused method with the intent of altering behavior which restricts clients social, occupational, and other important activities, thereby improving their quality of life

Misogyny

is a hatred of women

Person-centered counseling

is a non directive approach whereby the mental health counselor utilizes reflection and clarification of clients verbal and non verbal communications to enhance insight and move clients toward greater self-acceptance

Liberal feminism

is a philosophy that sees the oppression of women as a denial of equal rights, representation, and the access to opportunities

Gender-relations theory

is a response to traditional Western psychology that emphasizes separation and individuation but neglects the intricacies of human interconnection

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

is a specific pattern of responses that your body experiences as a reaction to continuous life demands or threats

Problem solving

is a step by step approach of planning and negotiating and involves all parties to be affected

Behavior change contract

is a written agreement in a behavior change program

Endocrine system

is activated by the anterior section of your hypothalamus

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

is activated by the posterior section of your hypothalamus

Sexism

is an attitude of bias or act of discrimination against a person because of his or her gender that usually involves economic exploitation or social domination

Depression

is an emotional state of persistent dejection that may range from mild discouragement to feeling extreme despair

Effective communication

components are appropriate body language, encouraging responses, paraphrasing, clarification, and summarization

Eustress

constructive stress or "good" stress

Distress

debilitating or excessive stress

Pituitary gland

CRF stimulates this gland and it releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Caveat emptor

a phrase that means "Let the buyer beware" meaning it is the consumer's problem to determine if the advertisement is misleading, and must make the decision not to purchase at her own discretion or risk

Saline Implants

a pouch filled with salt water used to reconstruct or increase the size of the breast

Silicone-gel filled implants

a pouch filled with silicone gel used to reconstruct or increase the size of the breast

Homeostasis

a state of internal balance

Counseling model

a style of psychotherapy rom which a counselor typically conceptualizes and councils a client

Feminist Therapy

also referred to as gender equity therapy, empowers women through an egalitarian (equity-based) relationship with the therapist

Spring and summer SAD

anxiety, insomnia, irritability, agitation, weight loss, poor appetite, and increased sex drive

Treatment interventions

are applied to halt the progress of a discomfort, disorder, or disease and, if possible, move the individual away from the discomfort and toward increased health

Exogenous factors

are external events that influence you

Endogenous factors

are those events that occur within you

Cross-fiber friction massage

assists in breaking up adhesions and stretches and realigns scar tissue with healthy muscle fiber

Glamorization

basing the desirability of a women on her body shape, mainly thinness in the arms, legs, face, and waist, and largeness of breasts and hips, is thought to have began in the 1830s when the camera was invented

Effective listening

begins with appropriate body language

Binge eating disorder

binge eating but not purging afterward

Breast augmentation

breast implants that increase the size of the woman's breasts

Chemical name

called this name in laboratories usually from the chemicals from which the drugs have been developed

Stress amenorrhea

cessation of the menstrual flow caused by stress

Five stages of grief

denial, anger, sorrow/despair/depression, bargaining, and acceptance

Fall and winter SAD

depression, hopelessness, anxiety, loss of energy, social withdrawal, oversleeping, loss of interests in activities once enjoyed, appetite changes (high in carbs), weight gain, and difficulty concentrating and processing information

Sexual Harrasment

described as unwanted sexual advances, requests for sexual favors and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that negatively affects the work environment (is recognized as a form of sex discrimination that violates the Civil Rights Act of 1964)

Sexual Discrimination

discrimination (usually in employment) that excludes ones sex (usually women) to the benefit of the other sex

HIPPA

establishing standards for the privacy of individuals

Grief process

grief from the loss of a loved one as having three phases, each with its own set of characteristics, challenges, and choices: early mourning, mid-mourning, and late mourning

Diabetes mellitus

group of metabolic diseases identified by high blood sugar levels

Corticoids

hormones generated by the adrenal glands that influence the body's control of glucose, protein, and fat metabolism

Choice theory and reality therapy

humans are born with four genetically coded needs designated for their survival: "love and belonging, power, freedom, and fun"

Secondary prevention

identifies persons who are in the early stages of "unhealth" which may lead to the development of disorders or illnesses

Cognitive behavioral therapy

identifying and challenging irrational client beliefs that contribute to maladaptive feelings and behaviors

Health promotion

includes the idea that health is something to be nurtured and by doing so we can prevent the onset of much illness and disease

Emotional intelligence

is the ability to recognize your emotions and those of the people around you and have the competence to work with those emotions to resolve problems, especially problems in the workplace

Mourning

is the actual expression of loss, those behaviors that take place as a result of the grief experience

Tertiary prevention

is the application of an intervention to treat an existing disorder or illness (preventing it from getting worse)

Stress

is the body's response to demands

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)

is the classification of body-image disturbance reserved for the non-eating disorder population

Health care maintenance

is the continuation of what one is doing to maintain one's current health status

Self-efficacy

is the conviction that one can successfully execute the behavior or behaviors required to produce desired outcomes

Stressor

is the demand itself

Homophobia

is the fear or dislike of a person who is homosexual

Ongoing mindfulness

is the process of exploring your inner self and the influence that SCIs have on you

Negative reinforcer

is the removal of something uncomfortable, and this too can be rewarding

Epidemiology

is the study of the relationships of the various factors determining the frequency and distribution of diseases in human community

Reactive care

is the treatment of any illness, disorder, or disease that may develop

Existential counseling

is to assist clients to recognize the ways in which thy are not living fully authentic lives and to make choices that will lead to becoming what they are capable of being

Alternative medicine

is used in place of conventional medicine

Complementary medicine

is used with conventional medicine

Fight-or-flight-or-freeze response

is your body's natural response to a perceived danger

Sociocultural influences (SCIs)

may significantly impact your emotional health (examples: family members, family history, family values, religious doctrine, media, school activities..... )

Reverse SAD

persistently elevated mood, increased social activity, hyperactivity, and unbridled enthusiasm out of proportion to the situation

EDNOS (Aating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified)

persons who miss a diagnosis of anorexia or bulimia by only one criterion are diagnosed with this clinical condition

Psychosomatic disorders

physical illness generated by the effects of stress

Freudian Psychoanalytic theory

postulates a deterministic view of human nature in that unconscious biological and instinctual drives may result in irrational motivations as the individual evolves through key psychosexual stages in the early years of life

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

powerful adrenal hormones whose presence in the bloodstream prepare the body for maximal energy production and skeletal muscle response

Gynecology

the branch of medicine that specializes in female health

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

the federal agency charged with approval and control of drug-related products in the U.S.

Quackery

the promotion of a medical remedy that doesn't work and is known to be false or unproven

Bioavailability

the rate of absorption into the blood stream

Positive therapeutic relationship

trust is the key to this kind of relationship

Adlerian counseling

view of human nature is that humans are motivated primarily by social relatedness

Solution-focused therapy

views humans as competent with a therapeutic focus on what is possible