Health 4-Chapter 3 Test: The Reproductive System
endometriosis
a condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus in other areas of the pelvic cavity
An ovum (egg) can live about __________ in the fallopian tubes.
a day
urethra
a duct that extends 6 to 8 inches from the urinary bladder, through the prostate, and to the top of the penis
The temperature of the testes must be
a few degrees lower than normal body temperature of 98.6F
epididymis
a highly coiled structure located on the back side of each testis
uterus
a hollow, muscular organ that receives, holds and nourishes the fertilized ovum during pregnancy
vas deferens
a long tube that connects each epididymis with the urethra
scrotum
a loose sac of skin that extends outside the body and contains the testes
semen
a mixture of sperm and grandular secretions
Toxic Shock Syndrome is _____________________________________________.
a rare disease caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus
mons pubis
a rounded mound of fatty tissue located on the front of the female body, directly over the pubic bone
clitoris
a small knob of tissue: plays a major role in female sexual arousal, contains many nerve endings and blood vessels therefore it is highly sensitive
penis
a tubelike organ that functions in both sexual reproduction and the elimination of urine
vagina
an elastic, muscle-lined tube that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body and is also called the birth canal
Hernias are when ______________________________________________________.
an internal organ pushes through the wall of muscles that normally holds it in
During a self-examination, check for ______________________________.
any swelling of the scrotum skin, or lumps on the side of a testis
Some examples of good personal hygiene are:
bathing regularly, changing pads or tampons
Some risk factors of cervical cancer are:
being between the ages of 20 and 30, not having regular Pap tests, having sexual intercourse at an early age and having multiple sexual partners
Some causes of female infertility are:
blockage of one or both fallopian tubes, no ovulation, or endometriosis
The most common form of cancer in American females is _________________________ and it is the ____________________________________, after lung cancer.
breast cancer; second leading cause of death
Another common form of cancer in females is ______________________________ and can be detected by getting a __________________________.
cervical cancer; Pap test
The surgery to remove the foreskin is called __________________ and is performed for _____________________________________.
circumcision; religious and cultural reasons
seminal vesicles
contribute the most secretions to semen (60% total volume)
Ova is another word for the __________.
egg
vulva
external female reproductive organs => mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, vaginal opening, and clitoris
All male babies are born with a fold of skin, known as _______.
foreskin
Some STDs that can cause sterility are:
gonorrhea, syphilis and genital herpes
It is _____________ for the urethra to carry both urine and semen at the same time.
impossible
The most common hernia is an _____________________________ which is also known as a ____________________________.
inguinal hernia; groin hernia
prostate gland
lies below the bladder and surrounds the urethra; secretes a milky, alkaline fluid that mixes with sperm
Contractions of the uterus are also known as _________________.
menstrual cramps
The external female reproductive organs are:
mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, vaginal opening, and clitoris
When body temperature rises,
muscles attached to the scrotum relax, lowering the testes away from the body
Males sometimes have ejaculations while they sleep, called __________________.
nocturnal emissions
Causes of sterility can include:
overheating of testes, exposure of certain chemicals, contracting mumps as an adult, and problems with the epididymis, vas deferens, or urethra
The reproductive system starts to mature after a female starts ________________.
ovulating
Day 14 of the menstrual cycle:
ovulation occurs and the mature egg is released into one of the fallopian tubes
PMS stands for _____________________________ and some of the symptoms are ____________________________________________________________.
premenstrual syndrome; anxiety, depression, irritability, bloating, mood swings and fatigue
After lung cancer, _________________________ is the most common cancer in men.
prostate cancer
The best time to perform a breast self-examination is _________________________________________________.
right after the menstrual period, when the breasts are not tender or swollen
seminiferous tubules
section of the testes where sperm is produced
What is the shape and size of the uterus?
shaped like an upside-down pear and is also about the size of a pear
A substance called ________________, which is ___________________________ can get trapped under the foreskin and cause irritation or infection.
smegma; made up of dead cells and grandular secretions
Days 1-8 of the menstrual cycle:
the cycle begins with the first day of menstruation
Days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle:
the egg travels through the fallopian tube to the uterus; if the egg is not fertilized, the cycle begins again
labia majora
the fatty outer folds on either side of the vaginal opening; outer borders of vulva
Days 9-13 of the menstrual cycle:
the hormones FSH and LH cause an egg to mature into one of the ovaries
sterility
the inability to produce offspring
fertilization
the joining of a male sperm cell and a female egg cell
sperm
the male reproductive cells
testes
the male sex glands, which produce sperm and manufacture testosterone
testosterone
the male sex hormone produced by the testes
When body temperature drops,
the muscles tighten and the testes move closer to the body for warmth
cervix
the neck of the uterus
ovulation
the process of releasing one mature ovum each month into a fallopian tube
menstruation
the process of shedding the uterine lining
ejaculation
the release of semen from the penis
The external male reproductive organs are:
the scrotum, the testes (testicles), and the penis
The best time to perform a self-examination of the testes is when ___________________________________________________.
the skin of the scrotum is relaxed during or after bathing
ovaries
the two female sex glands, which produce mature ova and female hormones
The internal female reproductive organs are:
the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries
The internal male reproductive organs are:
the vas deferens, the urethra, the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, and Cowper's gland
hymen
thin membrane that has several openings in it, allowing for the passage of menstrual flow
fallopian tubes
tubes on each side of the uterus that connect the uterus to the region of the ovaries
Cowper's gland
two pen-sized glands that open into the urethra; secrete a clear mucus into the urethra
labia minora
two smaller folds of skin which contain oil glands and blood vessels, also nerve endings that are highly sensitive
The main risk factor of testicular cancer is ___________________________ which is when _________________________________.
undersized testes; one or both testes remain in the abdomen during fetal development
The most common STDs that can cause infertility are:
untreated gonorrhea and chlamydia
Most females begin menstruating between the ages of ____________ and continues until about the age of ________ when _______________________.
10 and 15; 50; menopause occurs
Cancer of the testes occurs most commonly in males ages _________ but _____________________________.
14 and 40; can affect a male at any age
How long is the vas deferens?
16 to 18 inches long
How many days is a typical menstrual cycle?
28 days
The American Cancer Society recommends that females start yearly pelvic exams ______________________________________________________________.
3 years after they become sexually active or by the age of 21 at the latest
As many as ___________________________ sperm are released in the average ejaculation.
300 million - 500 million
It takes about ___________ for the sperm to mature in the epididymis.
64 days
What happens to the sperm when a male is sterile?
The sperm may be weak, deformed, sparse, or nonexistent