Health: Chapter 20

Scabies

Are tiny mites that burrow into the skin of an infected person. Scabies are spread by skin to skin contact. Symptoms: Males and Females -Scabies can cause intense itching in the infected area Treatment: -Medication can kill the mites -Infected individuals must wash clothes and be linens in hot water to kill any remaining mites and their eggs If untreated: -Skin damage can occur

a. delay getting medical care 1. babies are more likely to suffer from health problems b. born premature c. low birth weight (less than 5.5 lbs.) 1. physical and mental problems

Babies of teen parents

a. Chlamydia b. Pelvic inflammatory disease c. Gonorrhea d. Syphilis

Bacterial STDs include

T

Between five and six years of age, most children are ready to begin school.

4/1/2/5/3

1. birth of the baby 2. ovulation, fertilization, and implantation 3. development of an embryo and then a fetus 4. expulsion of the placenta and cutting the umbilical cord 5. contraction of the uterus and dilation of the cervix

T

800,000 and 900,000 teen pregnancies per year (1 in 10 females)

Pap Smear

A _______ _________ is used to detect cervical cancer

Pubic Lice

A strain of lice found in pubic hair of those infected. The lice crawl on the skin and lay eggs on the hairs. The lice are spread by skin to skin contact. Symptoms: Males and Females -Pubic lice can cause intense itching of the pubic area Treatment: -Medication can kill lice -Infected individuals must wash clothes in hot water to kill any remaining lice and their eggs If untreated: Skin damage can occur

T

A. STDs: The Silent Epidemic 1. Each year about 15 million Americans are infected with an STD a. Teenagers make up 8% of the U.S. population 1. About 25% of all new cases of STDs occur in teenagers between the ages of 15 and 19

a. allows you to be in charge of your future b. makes options possible c. allows you to protect your health d. finish your education e. prepare for your career

Abstinence...

Ovulation

After _______, an egg is ready to be fertilized by sperm

Fallopian tube

An egg and sperm join together in the ________ _________

F. After the first 9 weeks

An embryo becomes a fetus when its brain is developed.

T

An embryo implants itself in the uterus wall.

a. lying to parents (guilt) b. loss of self-esteem c. loss of self-respect d. go against values and religious beliefs

Emotional and Social consequences of teen sexual activity

T

Environmental factors can influence the timing of the female's menstrual cycle.

T

Females are at a higher risk than males

Sperm

Fertilize the Egg

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

High fever, nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, and rash are symptoms of ________ ________ syndrome

a. being sexually active b. more than one partner c. sexual partner who has had multiple sexual partners d. using alcohol and drugs

High risk behaviors of teens

1. Pathogens- bacteria, viruses, or parasites in body fluids 2. Body Fluids- semen, vaginal secretions, blood, and breast milk

How are STDs spread

1/10

How many female teenagers get pregnant each year?

4/10

How many girls become pregnant before they reach age 20?

1/5

How many sexually active females get pregnant each year

1. Seek medical help right away. 2. Complete the full course of medication. 3. Have follow-up testing done. 4. Avoid all sexual activity while being treated. 5. Notify all sexual partners.

How to be responsible about STDs

1. Practice abstinence 2. Stay away from alcohol and drugs 3. Respect yourself 4. Learn the facts about STDs, and use those facts to make good decisions 5. Choose friends who influence you in a positive way 6. Get plenty of rest 7. Go out as a group 8. Be aware of your emotions

How to prevent STDs

T

If sexually active you need to undergo regular testing or screening for STDs

seek medical help right away. complete the full course of medications. have follow-up testing done. avoid all sexual activity while being treated. notify all sexual partners.

If you think you have an STD

Urethra

In front of and separate from the vagina is the __________, which carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

Pelvic inflammatory Disease (PID)

Is an inflammation of the upper female reproductive tract caused by the migration of a bacterial infection from the vagina. It is a common and serious complication of some STDs. Symptoms -pain in the pelvic area or abdomen -vaginal discharge -usually long and painful menstrual periods -spotting between periods -painful urination -nausea Treatment: -Antibiotics are used to treat it -Antibiotic treatment does not repair damage that has already occurred -Surgery may be needed if infection is left untreated for too long If untreated: -scar in the fallopian tubes or uterus that can lead to infertility or ectopic pregnancies -chronic pelvic pain

Testes

Located in the scrotum

Cramps

Menstrual _________ are caused by the uterus contracting to expel its lining

Kissing Sharing eating utensils Holding hands Using public toilets

Most STDs cannot be spread by

F. One year

Most babies are walking and talking by the time they are nine months old.

TTT

Only SURE way to prevent contracting an STD is ABSTINENCE!

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Physical and emotional problems experienced by some women shortly before menstruations are known as ________

Loss of self-esteem, unplanned pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases

Possible consequences of teen sexual activity include?

Testes

Produce sperm

Testes

Produce testosterone

T

STDs are considered an epidemic among teens and young adults

1. Can be cured by antibiotics 2. early detection 3. serious damage if untreated 4. scar tissue in fallopian tubes

STDs caused by Bacteria

a. Pubic lice b. Scabies c. Trichomoniasis

STDs caused by parasites include

a. infertility-inability to have children b. illness c. death

Serious health problems

Testes

Should be examined monthly

Sperm

Small, streamlined cells

T

Some STDs, such as herpes, cannot be cured. Some STDs can cause miscarriages or infant blindness. Being informed about STDs can help you avoid them. If you think you might have been exposed to an STD, see a doctor as soon as possible

T

Teen parents have personal, social, and financial sacrifices

T

Teen pregnancies are hard on the mother's health. Babies born to teen mothers are more likely to have health problems.

T

Teens are at a higher risk of getting STDs

T

Teens are at a higher risk of getting STDs 1. Teens bodies may not fight infections as well as healthy adults 2. Females at higher risk than males a. larger areas of mucous membranes are exposed during sexual activity 1. mucous membranes-moist, pink t.issue that line body openings b. females receive larger volumes of infected body fluid than males c. cells on cervix are more susceptible to infection than adult female cells

Cervix

The ______ is the lower end of the uterus that connects to the vagina

Uterus

The _________ provides a place for a baby to grow before birth

Vagina

The __________ is a tubular organ that receives sperm during reproduction

Menstruation

The breakdown and discharge of the uterine lining out of the vagina cause _________

Cystitis

The inflammation of the urinary bladder usually caused by bacteria is called ______

T

The majority of teens in high school choose abstinence

Menstrual Cycle

The monthly changes that the uterus undergoes are all part of the ________ _______

Egg

The most common cause of female infertility is failure to release an _____

F. The Umbilical Cord

The mother's blood and the embryo's blood mix freely across the placenta so that the embryo can get nourishment.

Eggs and Sex hormones

The ovaries produce ______ and _________

T

The period of time which a women gives birth is called labor.

T

The sperm and egg together contain all the information needed for the development of a person

F. Fallopian Tubes

The sperm fertilizes the egg in the uterus.

T

The uterus meets the vagina at its lower end, which is called the cervix.

-practicing abstinence -staying away from alcohol and drugs -respecting yourself -learning the facts about STDs -choosing friends who influence you positively -getting plenty of rest -going out as a group -being aware of your emotions

Things you can do to protect yourself from STDs

Sperm

Too few results in infertility

Urethra

Tube that starts at the bladder and ends at the opening of the penis

a. Human papilloma virus (HPV) b. Genital herpes c. Hepatitis d. Human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV)

Viral STDs include

T

Washing is not an effective way to prevent STDs

Make your date feel special. Find hobbies to do together. Spend time with and get to know your date. Show respect for your date.

Ways to show nonsexual affection?

any sexual activity that brings a person in contact with body fluids from an infected person any sexual activity in which one person's genitals contacts another person's skin or mucous membranes direct contact with open sores a mother to her baby before or during birth, or during breast-feeding

Ways to spread STDs include

being sexually active having more than one sexual partner having a sexual partner who has had multiple sexual partners using alcohol or drugs

What are some behaviors that put teens at risk for STDs

Abstinence

What is the only sure way to eliminate the risks of teen sexual activity?

T

When there are no symptoms, a person may spread the disease without knowing it. Sexually active people should undergo regular testing for STDs.

Vas Defenders

Where glands add fluid to sperm

Penis

Where sperm leave the body

Epididymis

Where sperm mature

They are asymptomatic and you can spread the disease without even knowing you have it

Why are STDs said to be a silent epidemic among teens?

ectopic pregnancy

fertilized egg implants in fallopian tube instead of uterus

STDs

infectious diseases that are spread by sexual contact.

Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV)

is a virus that primarily infects cells of the immune system and causes AIDS. HIV is passed by exchange of infected body fluids --usually blood, semen, vaginal fluid, or breast milk. Exchange usually takes place during sexual activity or by sharing drug injection equipment. Symptoms: Males and Females Phase 1 (initial exposure to ten years or more) -fatigue -weight loss -fever -diarrhea Phase 2 -Phase 1 symptoms -swollen lymph nodes -forgetfulness -difficulty thinking Phase 3 -weakened immune system -infections -weight loss Treatment: -There is no cure for AIDS -A combination of drugs can delay the start of serious symptoms If untreated: Males and Females -weight loss -malnutrition -loss of mobility -opportunistic infections (such as pneumonia and tuberculosis) -cancer -premature death)

Syphilis

is an STD caused by a bacterium that can cause ulcers or chancres. It can spread through blood, damaging the nervous system and other body organs. It can be passed to infants during childbirth. Symptoms: Males and Females Phase 1: (10 to 90 days after infection) -painless ulcer, called chancre at the place where the bacteria entered the body Phase 2 (2 to 8 weeks after infection) -fever -rash -swollen lymph nodes -joint pain -muscle aches Phase 3 (2 or more years after infection) -heart and nervous system damage, including blindness and loss of mental abilities -possible death Treatment: -Both partners take antibiotics at the same time -If treated in the early stages, syphilis can be cured If untreated: Males and Females -Mental and physical disabilities -premature death Infants -premature birth -severe mental disabilities -deafness -death

You will have less time for yourself. Most teen mothers don't marry the father. Most pregnant teens do not finish high school. Parents are legally responsible for their child's well-being. On average, teen fathers make less money than male teens who are not fathers.

reasons to avoid being a teen parent include:

Urethra

Carries urine out of the body

Penis

Changes in blood flow cause of erection

Penis

Circumcision

Epididymis

Coiled tubes at the testes

Vas Defenders

Connect epididymis to urethra

Gonorrhea

is an STD caused by a bacterium that infects mucous membranes, including the genital mucous membranes. It can be passed to infants during childbirth. Symptoms: Female **Often no obvious symptoms -pain during urination -vaginal discharge or bleeding -pain in the abdomen or pelvic pain Male -pain during urination -discharge from the penis Treatment: -Both partners take antibiotics at the same time -It is becoming more difficult to treat because the bacteria that causes it have become resistant to antibiotics If untreated: Female -PID, which can result in ectopic pregnancies or infertility Male -scarring of the urethra, which makes urination difficult -painful swelling of the testicles, which may lead to infertility Newborns -blindness -joint infection -life-threatening blood infections

Human Papilloma Virus

is an STD caused by a group of viruses that can cause genital warts in males and females and cervical cancer in females. It is responsible for more new STD cases than any other STD in the United States. Symptoms: Females -genital and anal warts (pink or reddish warts that appear on the genitals) -abnormal Pap smear (a screening test for cervical cancer) Males -genital and anal warts Treatment: -There is no cure -Warts can be treated by surgical removal, freezing, or medication but will often return If untreated: Female -Women have a higher risk of developing cervical cancer with certain types of HPV Male -Men have an increases risk of developing genital cancers

Trichomoniasis

is an STD caused by a protozoan, a single celled animal that is just a little larger than a bacterium. Males may not have symptoms but can give the disease to others. Symptoms: Females -itching in genital area -discharge from the vagina -painful urination Males -usually no symptoms Treatment: -It can be cured with a prescribed medicine If untreated: Females -bladder and urethral infections -premature birth in pregnant women Males -inflamed urethra

Genital Herpes

is an STD caused by a viral infection in the genital area. Genital herpes is caused by the herpes simple virus (HSV). Thre are two types of herpes simple complex viruses: HSV-1 and HSV-2. Most cases of genital herpes are HSV-2. Both types can be passed to newborn infants in the mother has genital sores at the time of delivery. Symptoms: Males and Females HSV-1 -cold sores and fever blisters around the mouth HSV-2 -very mild symptoms or no symptoms -red bumps, blisters, and recurrent sores on or around the genitals -fever with first infection -swollen lymph nodes Treatment: -There is no cure -Antiviral medications can shorten outbreaks and reduce their frequency If untreated: -an infected person remain infected for life Newborns -infection of liver, brain, skin, eyes, and mouth -death

Chlamydia

is an STD caused by bacterium that infects the productive organs and that causes mucous discharge. Can be passed from pregnant women to infants during childbirth. The highest rates of _____ infections in the United States is found in 15-19 year olds. There are more new cases of ______ than any other STD reported each year in the United States. Symptoms: Female -pain during urination -vaginal discharge or bleeding -pelvic pain Male -Pain during urination -discharge from the penis Treatment: -both partners take antibiotics at the same time If untreated: Female -infertility -pelvic pain -ectopic pregnancies -pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Male -Can injure reproductive organs -swollen and tender testicles Infants -illness -blindess

Hepatitis

is an inflammation of the liver. Two different viruses cause hepatitis B and hepatitis C, which are life-threatening forms of hepatitis. Both hepatitis B and C can be sexually transmitted. There are other hepatitis viruses that are not sexually transmitted. Symptoms: Males and Females -jaundice (yellowing of the skin) -tiredness and muscle aches -fever -loss of appetite -darkening of the urine Treatment: -There is no cure for hepatitis B or C -Individuals with sever liver damage may need a liver transplant -A vaccine is available to prevent hepatitis B. No vaccine for C If untreated: Males and females -liver damage -liver failure -liver cancer -premature death

Epidemic

is the occurrence of more cases of a disease than expected.

Asymptomatic

you can have the disease without any symptoms