Health Disease Study Guide

What are 3 critical components of STI treatment?

1 .Treatment from a healthcare provider must be begin as soon as possible, and the person with the STI must take all medications exactly as prescribed 2. All sexual partners of of the persons must be notified, tested, and treated. Otherwise, reinfection, or a recurrence of the STI, can occur. 3. A person with an STI must abstain from sexual activity until a doctor determines the disease is cured and will not spread

The CDC estimates that what ratio of people with HIV do not know they are infected?

1 in seven people do not know they are infected with HIV

What is histamine?

A chemical that causes blood vessels to leak fluid into tissues

What is a latex condom? Is it 100% effective?

A latex condom is a birth control device that acts a barrier against pathogens during sexual activity. Condoms may be external or internal. An external condom fits over an erect penis. An internal condom fits inside the vagina. A latex condom is not 100% effective.

What is a systemic allergy?

Allergies that affect the entire body rather than one specific organ

Define angina:

Angina is pain in the chest that often accompanies a heart attack; may feel like pressure or squeezing or a dull or sharp pain

medications that target and kill disease-causing bacteria

Antibiotics

What is antiretroviral therapy (ART)?

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the treatment for HIV/AIDS that includes a mixture of three medications, each of which interferes with the reproduction of HIV inside the body

For infections such as hepatitis and severe influenza, _____ medications can reduce the severity of the infection and risk of transmission.

Antiviral

showing few or no signs of infection or disease

Asymptomatic

Are all STIs curable? Explain your answer.

Bacterial STIS are treatable, even curable, with antibiotics prescribed by a doctor. Viral infections cannot be treated or cured with antibiotics, but they can be controlled with antiviral medications. Antiviral medications do not cure the infection. They simply control the virus, sometimes greatly reducing the severity and frequency of symptoms

What does it mean to be HIV-positive?

Being HIV-positive means HIV antibodies have been detected in the bloodstream of a person.

What are veins?

Blood vessels that deliver blood from the rest of the body back to the heart

HIV/AIDs can be transmitted by contact with which bodily fluids?

Blood, semen, breast milk, and vaginal secretions

abnormal cancerous growth of the cervix

Cervical Cancer

How are communicable and noncommunicable diseases different?

Communicable diseases are infections, meaning they can spread from one person, animal, or object to another. Noncommunicable diseases are not infectious, and cannot be transmitted from one person to another. Instead they develop through genes, diet, behaviors, and other factors

What is acidosis?

Condition of excess acid in the blood; can lead to come or death

What is congestive heart failure?

Congestive heart failure is a condition in which the heart becomes too weak to circulate blood effectively through the body

Which of the following is true about viruses? A. Viruses do not grow or reproduce independently. B. Viruses have no metabolism. C. Viruses do not use energy in the way that other cells do. D. All of the above

D.

Define arteriosclerosis:

Disease in which the walls of the arteries thicken, harden, and become inflexible

What is Alzheimer's disease?

Disease of the brain characterized by dementia, and incurable loss of memory and thinking skills. Alzheimer's is a progressive disease, which means it grows worse over time. Eventually people lose the ability to eat and care for themselves. It is the 3rd leading cause of death among older adults in the U.S. Medications can ease symptoms, but do not stop the disease

What is osteoporosis?

Disease that makes bones weak, brittle, and prone to fractures

disease that naturally occurs in low levels in a particular area

Endemic

disease that occurs in unexpectedly large numbers over a particular area

Epidemic

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and phagocytes are examples of pathogens.

False

Chlamydia does not affect female reproductive health.

False

In the convalescent stage, signs and symptoms of an illness gradually worsen.

False

What factors cause noncommunicable diseases to develop?

Genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors

HSV type 2 causes infections on the _____.

Genitals

Which two common STIs do not currently have a medical cure?

HPV and Genital Herpes

practice of using soap and water to clean the hands

Hand-washing

What is hyperglycemia?

High blood sugar

What is insulin?

Hormone that signals cells to move sugar from the blood into surrounding cells; produced by the pancreas

common STI that infects cells in the skin and membranes, causing them to grow abnormally

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Define human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a bloodborne virus that infects and kills the body's immune cells, weakening the body's defense against infections

Name and describe the 2 types of stroke?

Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke. Narrowed or blocked blood vessels in the brain disrupt the flow of blood. Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), or ministrokes are when blood flow to the brain temporarily stops. Hemorrhagic stroke is when a blood vessel in the brain bursts and fails to deliver blood to brain cells. This occurs when blood vessels become weakened after years of hypertension (High blood pressure)

What are long-term non-progressors?

Long-term non-progressors are people living with HIV who progress very slowly through the latency stage of HIV

dangerous disease caused by a strain of the S. aureus bacterium that is resistant to the antibiotic methicillin

MRSA

What is a benign tumor?

Mass of abnormal cells that is not cancerous; remains in one place and stays small

What are opportunistic infections?

Opportunistic infections are diseases that take advantage of a weakened immune system

disease that spreads to much of the world

Pandemic

Doctors screen for cervical cancer, which can be caused by HPV, using a(n) _____ test.

Pap

Germ theory states that disease-causing microorganisms, called ____, cause specific diseases.

Pathogens

infection of the fallopian tubes and pelvic cavity that sometimes leads to infertility

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Define mammogram:

Procedure that uses X-rays to image the breast and screen for breast cancer

What does it mean to relapse?

Recurrence of a disease, in which signs and symptoms return after a period of remission

What is the recurrence of a communicable disease, like an STI, called?

Reinfection

behaviors that prevent the spread of disease through droplets

Respiratory Etiquette

Define Sexually Transmitted Infections.

STIs are communicable diseases caused by pathogens transmitted through sexual activity. Some STIs can also spread through bodily fluids like blood or saliva

What method of preventing STIs is 100-percent effective?

Sexual Abstinence

Define sexual abstinence.

Sexual abstinence is the decision to refrain from sexual activity

are evidence of disease that can be outwardly observed or measured.

Signs

What does it mean for a malignant tumor to metastasize?

Spread from an original location to other parts of the body

are evidence of disease sensed by the person with the disease.

Symptoms

Which of the following STIs can cause dementia and paralysis if left untreated?

Syphilis

_____ is sometimes called the great imitator because its symptoms resemble those of many other diseases.

Syphilis

What is Homeostasis?

The body's internal, steady state of balance. The body of maintains homeostasis by regulating body temperature, the amount of sugar in the blood, and oxygen level in tissues

What is the aorta?

The largest artery in the body

What is a biopsy?

The procedure that removes a sample of tissue from the body for testing

During the clinical stage, a pathogen produces toxins and the immune response reaches its height, causing familiar signs of illness.

True

Engaging in sexual activity one time with just one partner who has an STI is all it takes to contract an STI.

True

Late-stage syphilis does not include obvious external signs.

True

Most bacteria are not harmful to the body.

True

Explain the difference between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is also known as juvenile-onset diabetes, or insulin-independent diabetes. People with Type 1 have an immune system that destroys insulin-producing cells, decreasing levels of insulin and decreasing blood sugar. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is called adult-onset diabetes or insulin-independent diabetes. People with Type 2 have body cells that become resistant to insulin, increasing blood sugar

What is chemotherapy?

Use of medications to kill cancer cells and shrink malignant tumors

The only proven method of successfully eliminating a communicable disease is _____.

Vaccination

substance containing a dead pathogen or nontoxic part of a pathogen; introduced into the body to provoke an immune response

Vaccine

Define viral load?

Viral load is the amount of HIV in the blood.

Jim has an STI called genital herpes, which can sometimes manifest as sores on the mouth. If Jim kisses Brandy, can he transmit his STI to Brandy? Why or Why not?

Yes because genital herpes is an STI that can be transmitted through kissing

Travis has an STI called syphilis. He uses latex condoms when he has sex with his fiancé. Could Travis transmit syphilis to his fiancé? Why or why not?

Yes. Latex condoms are not 100% effective