Health Promotion and Care of the Older Adult

23. What is age-related vision change caused by the loss of elasticity of the lens called? a. Nearsightedness b. Cataracts c. Presbyopia d. Blepharitis

c. Presbyopia

20. To help prevent falls related to muscle weakness, what type of exercises should be selected for the aging patient? a. Daily b. Running c. Weight-bearing d. Aerobic

c. Weight-bearing

27. What is the most common cause of dementia? a. Multi-infarct b. Medications c. Alzheimer disease d. Parkinson disease

c. Alzheimer disease

31. Which areas are affected only minimally by age? a. Physical activity b. Productivity c. Cognition d. Sexuality

c. Cognition

30. When communicating with an older adult patient, the nurse becomes aware of the fact that the patient is well satisfied with his accomplishments over a lifetime and has no regrets concerning aging. Which of Erikson's developmental stages has the patient achieved? a. Acceptance b. Withdrawal c. Ego integrity d. Interaction

c. Ego integrity

28. What is one positive aspect of Parkinson disease? a. The disease does not alter ability to communicate b. Anti-Parkinson drugs have few side effects c. Intellectual function is not impaired d. Involuntary movements can be controlled

c. Intellectual function is not impaired

Constipation is problematic for the older adult patient. What is the most appropriate dietary intervention the nurse will institute to maintain a normal bowel pattern? a. Administering a stool softener daily b. Encouraging adequate fluid by offering water between meals c. Offering two servings of whole-grain bread and two bran muffins per day d. Educating the older adult on the benefits of daily exercise

c. Offering two servings of whole-grain bread and two bran muffins per day

13. What should be suggested to a patient to aid with the pain of claudication? a. Rest b. Exercise c. Cross legs d. Stand

ANS: A

14. The nurse recommends a breathing technique to help a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to empty the lungs of used air and to promote inhalation of adequate oxygen. What is this method of breathing called? a. Pursed-lip breathing b. Increased inspiration c. Vital capacity d. Decreased expiration

ANS: A

21. What is the best test to identify the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women? a. Skeletal x-ray b. Bone density scan c. Calcium blood level d. CAT scan ANS: B

ANS: B. Bone density scan

36. Which approaches should be included when teaching medication safety to an older, homebound adult? (Select all that apply.) a. Always dispose of expired medications in the toilet or the sink; never throw them in the trash can. b. Never share medications with others. c. If a medication is not finished as prescribed, save it for future use. d. Keep medications in their original containers. e. Always request child-proof containers, even if the patient has trouble opening the lids.

ANS: A, B, D

34. What should the nurse do to help the dysphagic patient? (Select all that apply.) a. Sit the patient upright b. Reduce distraction during mealtime c. Offer fluid from a straw d. Thicken liquids e. Cue the patient to swallow

ANS: A, B, D, E

10. The older adult patient complains to the nurse about nocturia. This problem is most likely related to: a. loss of bladder tone. b. decrease in testosterone. c. decrease in bladder capacity. d. intake of caffeine.

ANS: C

35. Which statements are myths that have been disproved concerning aging? (Select all that apply.) a. All older adults are senile. b. Most older adults live in their own homes. c. Older adults are poor. d. Older adults have frequent contact with family members. e. Older adults are disabled.

ANS: A, C, E

11. The older adult female patient is concerned about incontinence when she sneezes. What is the correct terminology for this type of incontinence? a. Urge incontinence b. Stress incontinence c. Overflow incontinence d. Functional incontinence

ANS: B

19. The nurse is assisting an older adult patient out of bed when suddenly the patient begins to fall. What is the likely cause of the fall? a. Fever b. Orthostatic hypotension c. Dehydration d. A decrease in venous return

ANS: B

9. The patient complains to the nurse about a newly developed intolerance to milk. What should the nurse suggest to fulfill calcium needs? a. Rye bread b. Yogurt c. Apples d. Raisins

ANS: B

12. A change of aging related to the circulatory system includes decreased blood vessel elasticity. For what should the nurse assess? a. Confusion b. Tachycardia c. Hypertension d. Retained secretions

ANS: C

When was the Social Security Act, which was the first major legislation providing financial security for older adults, passed? a. 1930 b. 1935 c. 1940 d. 1945

ANS: B. 1935

15. The nurse reminds the 80-year-old patient that her respiratory system has decreased resistance to respiratory infections. For what is this patient at increased risk? a. COPD b. Bronchitis c. Pneumonia d. Atelectasis

ANS: C

16. The nurse recognizes that an older adult patient with COPD has a higher incidence of developing which age-related skeletal change that will alter the ability to exchange air effectively? a. Osteoporosis b. Arthritis c. Kyphosis d. Osteomyelitis

ANS: C

17. What is a major difference between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis? a. Rheumatoid arthritis is degenerative. b. Rheumatoid arthritis only affects patients over 40 years of age. c. Rheumatoid arthritis is inflammatory. d. Rheumatoid arthritis is curable.

ANS: C

2. When the nurse discusses prevention of cardiac disease, falls, and depression with a group of older adults, the benefits of what are important to stress? a. Nutrition b. Medications c. Exercise d. Sleep

ANS: C

26. What is the result of a slowing of the impulse transmission in the nervous system? a. Hypertension b. Hearing deficit c. Decrease in tactile sensations d. Longer reaction time

ANS: D. Longer reaction time

4. When assessing the skin of an older adult patient who is complaining of pruritus, what should the nurse advise the patient to avoid to reduce further drying of her skin? a. Perfumed soap b. Hard-milled soap c. Antibacterial soap d. Lotion soap

ANS: C. Antibacterial soap

8. An older adult is having difficulty swallowing. What position should the nurse recommend to aid in swallowing? a. Chin parallel b. Chin upward c. Chin down d. Chin to the side

ANS: C. Chin down

6. At mealtime, the older adult seems to be eating less food than would be adequate. Compared to the younger adult, what is a requirement for the older adult? a. More fluids b. Less calcium c. Fewer calories d. More vitamins

ANS: C. Fewer calories

24. When communicating with an older adult patient who has difficulty hearing, how should the nurse change her speech? a. Speak very loudly b. Speak rapidly c. Lower the tone of the voice d. Raise the tone of the voice

ANS: C. Lower the tone of the voice

18. For what is the older adult patient at increased risk because of age-related changes in the musculoskeletal system? a. Fractures due to poor uptake of calcium b. Heart attacks due to increased effort to ambulate c. Respiratory failure due to kyphosis d. Falls related to posture changes

ANS: D

5. Because thin skin and lack of subcutaneous fat predisposes the older adult to pressure ulcers, the nurse alters the care plan to include turning the bedfast patient how often? a. Once every shift b. Every 4 hours c. Each evening d. Every 2 hours

ANS: D

7. The older patient informs the nurse that food has no taste and therefore the patient has no appetite. What is this most likely caused by? a. Tasteless food b. Overuse of salt c. Lack of variety d. Loss of taste buds

ANS: D. Loss of taste buds

32. How often does a 76-year-old need a screening for preventative health? a. Every 2 years b. Every 6 months c. Every 3 years d. Every year

ANS: D. Every year

22. When an older female patient complains of painful sexual intercourse, what should the nurse recognize as the probable cause? a. Urinary incontinence b. Arthritic joints c. Kyphosis d. Mucosal drying

ANS: D. Mucosal drying

25. Which symptom of diabetes distorts tactile sensation? a. Proprioception b. Loss of visual acuity c. Progressive paresis d. Peripheral neuropathy

ANS: D. Peripheral neuropathy

33. When assessing the older adult, the nurse considers which aspect of the patient's routine as a possible contributor to constipation? a. Intake of antacids several times a day b. Taking a laxative once a week c. Excessive exercise routine d. Eating two apples a day

a. Intake of antacids several times a day

A 76-year-old male patient has been active his whole life and exercises regularly. He is admitted to the hospital for a proximal femur fracture he got after tripping at the local gym. What are appropriate nursing actions during this patient's recovery from a surgical repair of the femur? (Select all that apply.) a. Monitoring intake and output b. Pain management c. Monitoring vital signs d. Turning every 6 hours e. Deep breathing and coughing every 2 hours.

a. Monitoring intake and output b. Pain management c. Monitoring vital signs e. Deep breathing and coughing every 2 hours.

29. When should family members of a stroke victim expect to see some of the neurologic involvement disappear? a. Within 2 to 3 weeks b. Within 1 to 2 months c. Within 3 to 6 months d. Within 6 to 9 months

c. Within 3 to 6 months

A 68-year-old Alzheimer's patient is wandering up and down the hospital hallway. What should be the nurse's initial response? a. Administer PRN neuroleptic Haldol, per the health care provider's order. b. Apply SRD so the patient can rest, because wandering activity will hinder recovery. c. Take patient back to the hospital room. Turn on the lights and TV. Ensure the sound of the TV is loud, because Alzheimer's disease affects hearing. d. Offer assistance to the toilet. When reaching the bathroom, point to the toilet sign on the door to reinforce the concept of the toilet.

d. Offer assistance to the toilet. When reaching the bathroom, point to the toilet sign on the door to reinforce the concept of the toilet.