Health Science Unit 2
Pruning occurs between the ages of 14 and 17. Its purpose is to clear out unused brain cell connections in order to allow for deeper brain cell connections to develop. These connections help teens to focus more intently and learn things more deeply.
At what age does "pruning" occur and what is its purpose?
1) the alarm stage: pupils dilate, hearing sharpens, saliva decreases, heart rate and blood pressure increase, bronchioles dilate, digestion slows, and muscles tighten 2) the resistance stage: adrenaline is no longer secreted and the changes caused by the alarm stage are reversed (body returns to its normal state) 3) the exhaustion stage: wear and tear on the body increases a person's risk of injury, illness, or premature death
Explain the bodily changes caused by stress that occur during each of the stages of the general adaptation syndrome.
You can surround yourself with social-emotional boosters that will cause your social-emotional environment to be more positive.
How can you make your social-emotional environment more positive?
Anxiety disorders cause a person to worry about and feel constantly threatened by things in their surroundings, even when there is nothing to worry about and nothing threatening them. Mood disorders, however, cause people to experience different moods that are extreme. Both types of disorders affect how people are able to live their lives and how they are able to deal with different things.
How do anxiety disorders and mood disorders differ? How are they the same?
Physical activity releases feel-good endorphins that can make a big difference in your mood.
How do you think exercise helps relieve symptoms of depression?
Stress can cause someone to be unable to think clearly and make responsible decisions. It can also cause people to express emotions in inappropriate ways. Prolonged stress makes people more likely to develop depression or psychosomatic diseases. Physical illnesses and disorders can also result from stress.
How does stress affect mental and emotional health?
To develop resiliency, you might try to be in good relationships with family members and friends. You should not avoid dealing with your feelings, even when times are difficult. Do avoid choosing harmful behaviors to cope, instead, always be sure to practice healthful behaviors. Be involved by taking part in school activities or volunteering to help others. It is also important that you are not afraid to ask someone for support when you need it.
How might you develop resiliency?
1) changes in the family 2) changes in living conditions 3) death of a friend 4) tragedies in the news 5) the end of something special
Identify five causes of loss and grief.
1) denial: a person denies their loss 2) anger: a person is angry about what has happened 3) bargaining: a person makes promises, hoping to change the outcome of the situation 4) depression: a person experiences a period of extreme sadness caused by their loss 5) acceptance: a person accepts what has happened and begins to move on
Identify the five stages of loss and grief and give a brief explanation of each.
1) inability to cope with a life crisis 2) changes in brain structure 3) genetic predisposition 4) low serotonin levels 5) traumatic family events
List 5 causes of depression.
1) Practice life skills. 2) Work on health goals. 3) Demonstrate resiliency in difficult times. 4) Take calculated risks. 5) Make responsible decisions. 6) Expect others to treat you with respect. 7) Evaluate media messages that may harm your self-image.
List 7 actions that improve self-esteem.
1) the alarm stage (body prepares for quick action; adrenaline is released into body) 2) the resistance stage (body attempts to regain internal balance) 3) the exhaustion stage (wear and tear on the body increases a person's risk of injury, illness, or premature death)
List and define the three stages of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).
1) Use responsible decision-making skills. 2) Keep a time-management plan. 3) Keep a budget. 4) Talk with parents, a guardian, a mentor, or other responsible adult. 5) Make sure you have a support network of friends.
List stress-management skills.
1) denying 2) being angry 3) bargaining 4) being depressed 5) accepting
List the 5 emotional responses used to cope with a life crisis.
1) Make a character check. 2) Control the belief statements that motivate you. 3) Choose actions that promote self-respect.
List the three steps that can help you develop and maintain self-respect.
1) acute stress-- source: taking an exam 2) chronic stress-- source: providing long-term care for an ill family member
List the two categories of stress and a source of each.
1) deep sadness 2) apathy 3) fatigue 4) agitation 5) sleep disturbances
Name 5 symptoms of depression.
1) Being negative 2) Making cruel remarks to others 3) Procrastinating
Name three symptoms of hidden anger.
1) Identify the emotion. 2) Identify the source of the emotion. 3) Decide whether or not you need to respond right away. 4) Choose a responsible and healthful response. 5) Protect your health.
What are the 5 guidelines for expressing emotions in healthful ways?
1) Having a compelling desire to take a drug or engage in a behavior 2) Taking a drug or engaging in a behavior instead of dealing with feelings of anxiety, depression, boredom, or loneliness 3) Feeling bad about oneself after taking a drug or engaging in a behavior 4) Taking a drug or engaging in a behavior even when there are negative consequences 5) Trying to stop taking a drug or engaging in a behavior but being unable to do so
What are the 5 signs of an addiction?
1) compassion 2) good citizenship 3) fairness 4) respect 5) responsibility 6) trustworthiness 7) honesty
What are the 7 factors that are building blocks for good character?
1) biological-- example: influences caused by genes 2) psychological-- example: influences such as stress 3) behavioral-- example: specific behaviors that lead to a mental disorder
What are the three causes of mental disorders? Give an example of each.
1) physical examination 2) medication 3) therapy
What are the three treatments for depression?
formal intervention, evaluation, medication, inpatient and outpatient treatment, therapy, and support groups
What are the types of treatment for mental disorders?
Heredity, environment, attitudes, and behaviors all influence a person's personality.
What influences personality?
A dysthymic disorder is a long-lasting form of depression (symptoms on majority of days for two or more years).
What is a dysthymic disorder?
Teens who have never experience much loss and grief may really feel invincible. They think that because they have never experienced much loss before, that they will not have to deal with it any time soon or in the future.
Why do you think some teens might feel invincible?
Many teens may find it easier to let off steam on others rather than to address their inner emotions.
Why do you think teens with hidden anger use projection or displacement instead of dealing with their anger?
If adrenaline is constantly secreted, then prolonged periods of stress may occur and damage a person's health.
Why is it a problem if adrenaline is constantly secreted?
In order to overcome a loss, a major step is to protect your own health while you grieve. Suddenly intaking drugs and alcohol to cope with your loss threatens your health.
Why isn't the use of alcohol and drugs a good way to deal with loss?
Getting stuck in one of the first four stages of loss and grief could cause a person to turn to harmful behaviors or to neglect their own health.
Why would getting stuck in one of the first four stages of loss and grief be harmful to one's health?
serotonin
a chemical that is involved in controlling states of consciousness and mood
hostility
a chronic state of anger that places the body at greater risk of developing severe illness
addiction
a compelling desire to use drug or engage in a specific behavior, continued use despite negative consequences, and loss of control
anti-depressant
a drug used to relieve depression
cognitive behavior therapy
a form of psychotherapy that involves both behavior therapy and cognitive therapy
self-respect
a high regard for oneself because one behaves in responsible ways
minor depression
a mood disorder accompanied by feelings of hopelessness, sadness, or helplessness
major depression
a mood disorder accompanied by long-lasting feelings of hopelessness, sadness, or helplessness
good character
a person who uses self-control to act on responsible values
self-esteem
a person's belief about his or her worth
negative self-esteem
a person's belief that he or she is not worthy and does not deserve respect
positive self-esteem
a person's belief that he or she is worthy and deserves respect
personality
a person's unique pattern of characteristics
personality type
a person's usual way of focusing energy, gathering information, making decisions, and getting work done
psychosomatic disease
a physical illness or disorder that is caused or aggravated by emotional response
codependency
a problem in which a person neglects himself or herself in order to care for, control, or try to "fix" someone else
emotion
a specific feeling
value
a standard or belief
formal intervention
an action by people, such as family members, who want someone to get treatment
life crisis
an experience that causes a high level of stress
social-emotional booster
an interpersonal contact that helps a person feel encouragement and support, choose responsible behavior, and recognize options
social-emotional pollutant
an interpersonal contact that limits options or may cause a person to feel discouraged or alone or to choose wrong behavior
hidden anger
anger that is not recognized and is expressed in inappropriate ways
projection
blaming others for actions or events for which they are not responsible
anticipatory grief
grief experienced prior to a loss
grief
intense emotional suffering caused by a loss, disaster, or misfortune
protective factor
something that increases the likelihood of a positive outcome
resiliency
the ability to adjust, recover, bounce back, and learn from difficult times
empathy
the ability to share in another person's emotions or feelings
perfectionism
the compelling desire to be flawless
thrill-seeking addiction
the compelling desire to take unnecessary risks
self-control
the degree to which a person regulates his or her own behavior
attitude
the feeling or emotion a person has towards something or someone
loss
the feeling that occurs when someone dies or a life situation changes or ends
mind-body connection
the relationship between a person's thoughts, emotions, and bodily responses
displacement
the releasing of anger on someone or something other than the cause of the anger
binge
to eat large amounts of food over a short period of time
purge
to rid the body of food by vomiting or by using laxatives or diuretics
delayed gratification
voluntarily postponing an immediate reward in order to complete a task before enjoying a reward