Health Science Unit 2

Pruning occurs between the ages of 14 and 17. Its purpose is to clear out unused brain cell connections in order to allow for deeper brain cell connections to develop. These connections help teens to focus more intently and learn things more deeply.

At what age does "pruning" occur and what is its purpose?

1) the alarm stage: pupils dilate, hearing sharpens, saliva decreases, heart rate and blood pressure increase, bronchioles dilate, digestion slows, and muscles tighten 2) the resistance stage: adrenaline is no longer secreted and the changes caused by the alarm stage are reversed (body returns to its normal state) 3) the exhaustion stage: wear and tear on the body increases a person's risk of injury, illness, or premature death

Explain the bodily changes caused by stress that occur during each of the stages of the general adaptation syndrome.

You can surround yourself with social-emotional boosters that will cause your social-emotional environment to be more positive.

How can you make your social-emotional environment more positive?

Anxiety disorders cause a person to worry about and feel constantly threatened by things in their surroundings, even when there is nothing to worry about and nothing threatening them. Mood disorders, however, cause people to experience different moods that are extreme. Both types of disorders affect how people are able to live their lives and how they are able to deal with different things.

How do anxiety disorders and mood disorders differ? How are they the same?

Physical activity releases feel-good endorphins that can make a big difference in your mood.

How do you think exercise helps relieve symptoms of depression?

Stress can cause someone to be unable to think clearly and make responsible decisions. It can also cause people to express emotions in inappropriate ways. Prolonged stress makes people more likely to develop depression or psychosomatic diseases. Physical illnesses and disorders can also result from stress.

How does stress affect mental and emotional health?

To develop resiliency, you might try to be in good relationships with family members and friends. You should not avoid dealing with your feelings, even when times are difficult. Do avoid choosing harmful behaviors to cope, instead, always be sure to practice healthful behaviors. Be involved by taking part in school activities or volunteering to help others. It is also important that you are not afraid to ask someone for support when you need it.

How might you develop resiliency?

1) changes in the family 2) changes in living conditions 3) death of a friend 4) tragedies in the news 5) the end of something special

Identify five causes of loss and grief.

1) denial: a person denies their loss 2) anger: a person is angry about what has happened 3) bargaining: a person makes promises, hoping to change the outcome of the situation 4) depression: a person experiences a period of extreme sadness caused by their loss 5) acceptance: a person accepts what has happened and begins to move on

Identify the five stages of loss and grief and give a brief explanation of each.

1) inability to cope with a life crisis 2) changes in brain structure 3) genetic predisposition 4) low serotonin levels 5) traumatic family events

List 5 causes of depression.

1) Practice life skills. 2) Work on health goals. 3) Demonstrate resiliency in difficult times. 4) Take calculated risks. 5) Make responsible decisions. 6) Expect others to treat you with respect. 7) Evaluate media messages that may harm your self-image.

List 7 actions that improve self-esteem.

1) the alarm stage (body prepares for quick action; adrenaline is released into body) 2) the resistance stage (body attempts to regain internal balance) 3) the exhaustion stage (wear and tear on the body increases a person's risk of injury, illness, or premature death)

List and define the three stages of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).

1) Use responsible decision-making skills. 2) Keep a time-management plan. 3) Keep a budget. 4) Talk with parents, a guardian, a mentor, or other responsible adult. 5) Make sure you have a support network of friends.

List stress-management skills.

1) denying 2) being angry 3) bargaining 4) being depressed 5) accepting

List the 5 emotional responses used to cope with a life crisis.

1) Make a character check. 2) Control the belief statements that motivate you. 3) Choose actions that promote self-respect.

List the three steps that can help you develop and maintain self-respect.

1) acute stress-- source: taking an exam 2) chronic stress-- source: providing long-term care for an ill family member

List the two categories of stress and a source of each.

1) deep sadness 2) apathy 3) fatigue 4) agitation 5) sleep disturbances

Name 5 symptoms of depression.

1) Being negative 2) Making cruel remarks to others 3) Procrastinating

Name three symptoms of hidden anger.

1) Identify the emotion. 2) Identify the source of the emotion. 3) Decide whether or not you need to respond right away. 4) Choose a responsible and healthful response. 5) Protect your health.

What are the 5 guidelines for expressing emotions in healthful ways?

1) Having a compelling desire to take a drug or engage in a behavior 2) Taking a drug or engaging in a behavior instead of dealing with feelings of anxiety, depression, boredom, or loneliness 3) Feeling bad about oneself after taking a drug or engaging in a behavior 4) Taking a drug or engaging in a behavior even when there are negative consequences 5) Trying to stop taking a drug or engaging in a behavior but being unable to do so

What are the 5 signs of an addiction?

1) compassion 2) good citizenship 3) fairness 4) respect 5) responsibility 6) trustworthiness 7) honesty

What are the 7 factors that are building blocks for good character?

1) biological-- example: influences caused by genes 2) psychological-- example: influences such as stress 3) behavioral-- example: specific behaviors that lead to a mental disorder

What are the three causes of mental disorders? Give an example of each.

1) physical examination 2) medication 3) therapy

What are the three treatments for depression?

formal intervention, evaluation, medication, inpatient and outpatient treatment, therapy, and support groups

What are the types of treatment for mental disorders?

Heredity, environment, attitudes, and behaviors all influence a person's personality.

What influences personality?

A dysthymic disorder is a long-lasting form of depression (symptoms on majority of days for two or more years).

What is a dysthymic disorder?

Teens who have never experience much loss and grief may really feel invincible. They think that because they have never experienced much loss before, that they will not have to deal with it any time soon or in the future.

Why do you think some teens might feel invincible?

Many teens may find it easier to let off steam on others rather than to address their inner emotions.

Why do you think teens with hidden anger use projection or displacement instead of dealing with their anger?

If adrenaline is constantly secreted, then prolonged periods of stress may occur and damage a person's health.

Why is it a problem if adrenaline is constantly secreted?

In order to overcome a loss, a major step is to protect your own health while you grieve. Suddenly intaking drugs and alcohol to cope with your loss threatens your health.

Why isn't the use of alcohol and drugs a good way to deal with loss?

Getting stuck in one of the first four stages of loss and grief could cause a person to turn to harmful behaviors or to neglect their own health.

Why would getting stuck in one of the first four stages of loss and grief be harmful to one's health?

serotonin

a chemical that is involved in controlling states of consciousness and mood

hostility

a chronic state of anger that places the body at greater risk of developing severe illness

addiction

a compelling desire to use drug or engage in a specific behavior, continued use despite negative consequences, and loss of control

anti-depressant

a drug used to relieve depression

cognitive behavior therapy

a form of psychotherapy that involves both behavior therapy and cognitive therapy

self-respect

a high regard for oneself because one behaves in responsible ways

minor depression

a mood disorder accompanied by feelings of hopelessness, sadness, or helplessness

major depression

a mood disorder accompanied by long-lasting feelings of hopelessness, sadness, or helplessness

good character

a person who uses self-control to act on responsible values

self-esteem

a person's belief about his or her worth

negative self-esteem

a person's belief that he or she is not worthy and does not deserve respect

positive self-esteem

a person's belief that he or she is worthy and deserves respect

personality

a person's unique pattern of characteristics

personality type

a person's usual way of focusing energy, gathering information, making decisions, and getting work done

psychosomatic disease

a physical illness or disorder that is caused or aggravated by emotional response

codependency

a problem in which a person neglects himself or herself in order to care for, control, or try to "fix" someone else

emotion

a specific feeling

value

a standard or belief

formal intervention

an action by people, such as family members, who want someone to get treatment

life crisis

an experience that causes a high level of stress

social-emotional booster

an interpersonal contact that helps a person feel encouragement and support, choose responsible behavior, and recognize options

social-emotional pollutant

an interpersonal contact that limits options or may cause a person to feel discouraged or alone or to choose wrong behavior

hidden anger

anger that is not recognized and is expressed in inappropriate ways

projection

blaming others for actions or events for which they are not responsible

anticipatory grief

grief experienced prior to a loss

grief

intense emotional suffering caused by a loss, disaster, or misfortune

protective factor

something that increases the likelihood of a positive outcome

resiliency

the ability to adjust, recover, bounce back, and learn from difficult times

empathy

the ability to share in another person's emotions or feelings

perfectionism

the compelling desire to be flawless

thrill-seeking addiction

the compelling desire to take unnecessary risks

self-control

the degree to which a person regulates his or her own behavior

attitude

the feeling or emotion a person has towards something or someone

loss

the feeling that occurs when someone dies or a life situation changes or ends

mind-body connection

the relationship between a person's thoughts, emotions, and bodily responses

displacement

the releasing of anger on someone or something other than the cause of the anger

binge

to eat large amounts of food over a short period of time

purge

to rid the body of food by vomiting or by using laxatives or diuretics

delayed gratification

voluntarily postponing an immediate reward in order to complete a task before enjoying a reward