Healthcare In the US exam 1
According to the Ted Talk, "The Problem with Race-Based Medicine," Race-based medicine is: -When physicians use race as a crude proxy for genetic factors -Can perpetuate harmful stereotypes about patients of color -Addresses both the biological and social factors that contribute to racial inequalities -A and B -B and C
-A and B
Based on the definitions from Jones' "A Gardener's Tale," which of the following is an example of institutionalized racism? -Differences in access to high quality public education -A shopkeeper being more suspicious of people of color more than white individuals -Self-devaluation and feelings of helplessness towards current societal norms -Hate crimes against a specific racial group -More than one of the above
-Differences in access to high quality public education
According to "A Gardener's Tale," by CP Jones, which of the following is true regarding personally mediated racism? -It only involves intentional actions against a certain racial group -Is what we most typically think of when we hear the word "racism" -Includes discrimination, which is making differential assumptions about the motives and behaviors of others -Characterized by people not believing in others that look like them -Is analogous to the flower boxes having different types of soil
-Is what we most typically think of when we hear the word "racism"
According to Hayes and colleagues in the article from the Commonwealth Fund, what is the "minimum value standard? -Standard set of services that are exempt from the deductible -A refundable tax credit available to people whose out-of-pocket spending exceeds a certain percentage of income -Percentage of medical costs that employer plans must cover -The minimum number of employer-based plans employees can choose
-Percentage of medical costs that employer plans must cover
The projection from "The Facts of Medicare Spending and Financing" predict that the Part A trust fund will be depleted by: 2022 2026 2036 2040 2045
2026
According to the Pew Trust article, when is it predicted that the US will become majority minority? 2040 2050 2070 2100
2050
According to the article "Medicare's Private Option is Growing in Popularity, and Critics," which of the following is a problem with Medicare Advantage? Some MA plans have a high level of claim denials Many MA network directories contain at lease one error MA beneficiaries have lower rates of preventative care usage than traditional Medicare A and B A and C
A and B
According to Hayes and colleagues in the article from the Commonwealth Fund, which of the following is true about cost sharing in the Hayes et al article from the Commonwealth fund? About 12% of people have "high premium contributions relative to income" About 7% of people have "high out of pocket costs relative to income" In the Pacific Northwest, high premiums relative to household income are common A and C only A and B only
A and B only
Which of the following are additional benefits many Medicare Advantage beneficiaries have, according to the KFF Fact Sheet? Dental Long-term care Vision A and B A and C
A and C
____% of ACA plan networks are narrow meaning that they include ____% or less of physicians in the area A. 75%; 25% B. 25%; 75% C. 50%; 25% D. 25%; 50%
A. 75%; 25%
What is managed care? A. A system of health care delivery that integrates the four basic functional components of health care (financing, delivery, payment, and insurance) B. A type of insurance that seeks to reduce the amount of time physicians spend on patients C. A type of insurance that systematically inspects doctors for high-efficiency care D. A system of health care delivery that emphasizes alternative/holistic treatment options
A. A system of health care delivery that integrates the four basic functional components of health care (financing, delivery, payment, and insurance)
What is the difference between a co-pay and co-insurance? A. Co-payments are a fixed dollar amount paid at the point of service, whereas co-insurance is a percentage of the bill paid at the point of service B. Co-payments are a percentage of the bill paid at the point of service, whereas co-insurance is a fixed dollar amount paid at the point of service C. Co-payments are payment schemes in which both the insurer and the insured pay for medical services, whereas co-insurance is a payment scheme in which neither the insurer or the insured pays for medical services D. Co-payments are payment schemes in which both the insurer and the insured pay for medical services, whereas co-insurance is a payment scheme in which only the insurer pays for medical services
A. Co-payments are a fixed dollar amount paid at the point of service, whereas co-insurance is a percentage of the bill paid at the point of service
Premiums, deductibles, co-pays, and co-insurance are all payments made by the insured to promote _____ and reduce _____? A. Cost-sharing, moral hazard B. Adverse selection, cost sharing C. Cream skimming, moral hazard D. Lemon dropping, cost sharing
A. Cost-sharing, moral hazard
What is one major difference between Healthy People 2020 and previous Healthy People Initiatives? A. It places more emphasis on the social determinants of health B. It identifies health priorities for the nation C. It has the goal of improving quality of life for Americans D. It seeks to involve community partners in health improvement initiatives such as businesses, churches, etc.
A. It places more emphasis on the social determinants of health
What is the key difference between traditional indemnity insurance and managed care? A. Managed care controls costs and utilization by integrating the financing, insurance, delivery, and payment functions of insurance B. Traditional insurance had narrower hospital networks and allowed patients to see only a few pre-selected doctors C. Managed care is less common than traditional indemnity insurance D. Managed care is less profitable than traditional indemnity insurance
A. Managed care controls costs and utilization by integrating the financing, insurance, delivery, and payment functions of insurance
How do market justice and social justice differ in their views on health care? Group of answer choices A. Market justice views health care as an economic reward whereas social justice views health care as a right B. Market justice views health care as an economic reward whereas social justice views health as an individual responsibility C. Market justice views health care as a social resource whereas social justice views health care as a right D. Market justice views health care as a social resource whereas social justice views health care as a way to ensure the common good
A. Market justice views health care as an economic reward whereas social justice views health care as a right
Cost-sharing is designed to reduce what problem? A. Moral Hazard B. Cream skimming C. Cherry picking D. Deductibles
A. Moral Hazard
Insurance companies take on ______ financial risk in a fee for service payment scheme vs. a managed care payment scheme A. More B. Less C. Much less D. The same
A. More
What is the primary reason for rising health expenditures? A. New technology B. Less specialization C. More hospitals D. An increase in chronically ill patient populations
A. New technology
Which part of Medicare covers in-patient services? A. Part A B. Part B C. Part C D. Part D
A. Part A
How is Part A of Medicare primarily financed? A. Payroll taxes B. General revenues C. Beneficiary Premiums D. Both A and C
A. Payroll taxes
Which MCO is the least stringent when it comes to accessing out-of-network care? A. Preferred Provider Organizations B. Point of Service C. Health Maintenance Organizations D. Exclusive Provider Organizations
A. Preferred Provider Organizations
The _________ sets recommended prices for medical procedures and consists of mainly ______ A. The Relative Value Scale Update Committee, specialists B. The Relative Value Scale Update Committee, primary care doctors C. Department of Health and Human Services, specialists D. Department of Health and Human Services, primary care doctors
A. The Relative Value Scale Update Committee, specialists
What was the main ruling of the Supreme Court in lawsuits against the Affordable Care Act? A. The Supreme Court ruled that the individual mandate was constitutional, and that the federal government could not force states to expand their state Medicaid programs B. The Supreme Court ruled that the Affordable Care Act could not force insurance companies to cover certain basic services C. The Supreme Court ruled that the Affordable Care Act could not force people to buy health insurance via the individual mandate D. The Supreme Court ruled that employer based insurance was constitutional
A. The Supreme Court ruled that the individual mandate was constitutional, and that the federal government could not force states to expand their state Medicaid programs
How have the federal government and state governments addressed social determinants within the health care system to promote population health? A. The federal government and state governments have provided funding to identify and address social needs B. Stakeholders from non-medical sectors have been prevented from determining local health priorities C. Federal and state governments are moving towards a more socialized medical system by banning private insurance companies D. Support for employment services has been shifted towards funding for education
A. The federal government and state governments have provided funding to identify and address social needs
What was the main argument of the Dubinsky article "Money Won't Buy You Health Insurance" A. The individual insurance market is in need of reform because it is too expensive and too complicated to navigate B. The individual insurance market is more convenient than employer based insurance C. The individual insurance market unfairly prioritizes needier people D. The individual insurance market is in need of reform because there are too many options to choose from
A. The individual insurance market is in need of reform because it is too expensive and too complicated to navigate
What is the main function of insurance according to Ezekiel Emanuel? A. To protect individuals against large unpredictable financial costs B. To ensure that epidemics do not break out C. To compensate doctors and health workers for their services D. To make sure healthcare is accessible for all
A. To protect individuals against large unpredictable financial costs
According to Hayes and colleagues in the article from the Commonwealth Fund, which of the following are contributing to the rise in out-of-pocket expenses for people with employer-based coverage? Higher deductibles Higher copayments Higher co-insurances All of the above
All of the above
According to KFF's brief "The Facts on Medicare Spending and Financing," how is Part B primarily financed? Payroll Taxes General Revenue Premiums A and B B and C
B and C
What percentage of health care dollars is spent on drugs? A. 3% B. 10% C. 15% D. 25%
B. 10%
In _____ the Medicare program was created to provide health services, but only for those _____. A. 1935; 60+ B. 1965; 65+ C. 1998; 65+ D. 2008; 60+
B. 1965; 65+
Which of the following patients would an insurance company prefer to insure? A. 18 years old, smoker, construction worker B. 20 years old, no pre-existing conditions, athlete C. 45 years old, no pre-existing conditions, family history of diabetes D. 65 years old, cancer and hypertension
B. 20 years old, no pre-existing conditions, athlete
How should health care be rationed from a market justice vs. social justice perspective? A. According to social justice, only those who deserve health care should receive it; according to market justice, only those who can afford health care should receive health care B. According to social justice, everyone should have access to health care; according to market justice, only those who can afford health care should receive health care C. According to social justice, only those who deserve health care should receive it, according to market justice, only those who have achieved a certain level of education should receive health care D. According to social justice, everyone should have access to health care; according to market justice, only those who have achieved a certain level of education should receive health care
B. According to social justice, everyone should have access to health care; according to market justice, only those who can afford health care should receive health care
What is the effect of competition (between insurers) on hospital network sizes in the Obamacare insurance market? A. Increased competition in the Obamacare insurance markets leads insurers to offer narrower hospital networks B. Decreased competition in the Obamacare insurance markets leads insurers to offer narrower hospital networks C. Decreased competition in the Obamacare insurance markets leads insurers to offer wider hospital networks D. Competition has no effect on hospital network size
B. Decreased competition in the Obamacare insurance markets leads insurers to offer narrower hospital networks
What does self-referral entail? A. Doctors only refer patients to other doctors within their professional networks B. Doctors refer patients to expensive treatments for which they stand to make a financial gain C. Doctors continually refer patients back to their own clinics for unnecessary check ups D. All of the above
B. Doctors refer patients to expensive treatments for which they stand to make a financial gain
What could increase price transparency in U.S healthcare according to Reinhardt? A. Stricter legislation B. Electronic information technology C. Forcing pharmaceutical companies to list the price for their drugs in their advertisements D. Word of mouth from doctor to patient
B. Electronic information technology
What are the four key determinants of health according to the Blum model? A. Environment, nutrition, medical care, heredity B. Environment, lifestyle, heredity, medical care C. Environment, social life, mental health, heredity D. Environment, mental health, level of education, income
B. Environment, lifestyle, heredity, medical care
What is one of the weaknesses of a social justice perspective on health care? A. Proponents of social justice are usually uneducated B. Health care entitlement programs are extremely expensive C. Social justice encourages freeloading D. The social justice perspective does not address inequities in health care
B. Health care entitlement programs are extremely expensive
Which of the following accurately describes the evolution of hospitals from 1890 to present? A. Hospitals were used as housing for the poor and chronically ill; currently hospitals are used to house only those with short-term illnesses B. Hospitals were used as housing for the poor and chronically ill; currently hospitals are well-funded and have the latest treatment technology and specialized interventions to treat many different patients C. Only rich people could afford to use hospitals in the 1890s - now hospitals are accessible to everyone D. Hospital physicians were primarily volunteers in the 1890s - now hospitals only hire salaried physicians
B. Hospitals were used as housing for the poor and chronically ill; currently hospitals are well-funded and have the latest treatment technology and specialized interventions to treat many different patients
In the Wall Street Journal Article entitled "A Device to Kill Cancer, Life Revenue" what was the name of the expensive treatment purported to cost Medicare $1 billion? A. Naloxone B. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy C. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy D. Antiretroviral Therapy
B. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy
What is one of the reasons Reinhardt gives for why health care prices in the U.S are higher than in other developed countries? A. Wage control for doctors in other developed countries B. Low bargaining power of insurance companies in the U.S C. Higher quality care in the U.S D. More demand for healthcare services in the U.S
B. Low bargaining power of insurance companies in the U.S
Which part of Medicare pays for outpatient services? A. Part A B. Part B C. Part C D. Part D
B. Part B
In the NYT article by Lipton and Sack, which lucrative drug did Amgen get a special exclusion for in the "fiscal cliff" bill? A. Tylenol B. Sensipar C. Enbrel D. Nyquil
B. Sensipar
What is not one of the reasons why the US places great emphasis on medical specialization? A. The proliferation of specialty boards certifying physicians to practice certain types of medicine in the 1930s B. Specialists are more cost-effective than primary care doctors C. Specialists were automatically given a higher rank in the military during WWII D. Medical schools prefer to hire specialists over generalists
B. Specialists are more cost-effective than primary care doctors
What are the four main models for organizing an HMO? A. High-cost, Low-cost, Mid-cost, No-cost B. Staff, Group, Network, Independent Practice Association (IPA) C. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Repeat D. Network, Community, Group, Advising
B. Staff, Group, Network, Independent Practice Association (IPA)
Why is it potentially problematic that people spend less on healthcare with high-deductible health plans? A. Doctors need more money in order to make the profession attractive B. They may be forgoing potentially important necessary care in order to spend less C. Cutting costs is illegal D. People spending less on health care spend more on unhealthy habits
B. They may be forgoing potentially important necessary care in order to spend less
According to Bagley and Frakt, what is one potential downside of one-size-fits-all insurance? A. This type of insurance allows individuals with different incomes to purchase different insurance B. This type of insurance does not incentivize high-value low-cost treatments C. This type of insurance decreases care-seeking D. This type of insurance is logistically difficult to implement
B. This type of insurance does not incentivize high-value low-cost treatments
Based on information from KFF's Overview of Medicare Part D, which of the following is true about cost-sharing? Beneficiaries pay 25% of drug costs for both brand name and generics during the initial and coverage gap phases Manufacturers pay 70% of the costs for generic drugs during the coverage gap phase During the catastrophic coverage phase, the plan pays for 80% of drug costs A and B B and C
Beneficiaries pay 25% of drug costs for both brand name and generics during the initial and coverage gap phases
What is reference pricing? A. When patients reference their doctor before purchasing any medical procedures B. When patients compare prices between different specialists and hospitals and select the lower priced option C. A form of cost-sharing in which the patient is responsible for paying the cost of their medical services beyond some low reference price D. A form of cost-sharing in which the patient must pay a pre-determined amount for each medical procedure they obtain
C. A form of cost-sharing in which the patient is responsible for paying the cost of their medical services beyond some low reference price
Which of the following is not considered a "provider" in a provider network? A. Hospitals B. Doctors C. Ambulances D. Pharmacies
C. Ambulances
Which of these patient outcomes is easiest to measure according to the Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) conceptual model? A. Functional status B. Symptom status C. Biological and physiological variables D. Overall quality of life
C. Biological and physiological variables
Which of the following has the least impact on one's risk of premature death? A. Social and environmental factors B. Individual behavior C. Health care D. Genetics
C. Health care
The tax exclusion on employer based health insurance benefits which group the most? A. Black Americans B. Low income C. High Income D. Women
C. High Income
What is the problem with the ACA insurance markets according to Sanger-Katz? A. There are too many insurance plans on the market, making it very confusing for consumers to choose a plan B. The insurance markets are too complicated to navigate for older Americans C. Insurance plans on the market will probably become more expensive and include fewer options D. None of the above
C. Insurance plans on the market will probably become more expensive and include fewer options
According to the Fuchs article on How and Why US Health Care Differs From That in Other OECD Countries, what is the most important reason why US health care is different from other OECD countries? A. Heterogeneity of the US population B. Distrust of the government in the US C. It is relatively easily for "special interests" to hijack the political system D. Medicare and Medicaid exist
C. It is relatively easily for "special interests" to hijack the political system
How often are premium payments usually made to an insurance company? A. Daily B. Weekly C. Monthly D. Yearly
C. Monthly
The ACA marketplace attracted more _____ people than expected A. Healthy B. Poor C. Old D. Young
C. Old
A ____ plan is a flexible managed care plan that allows enrollees to choose out-of-network providers, but for a higher cost that in-network providers. A _____ plan is a more rigid managed care plan that does not usually cover any expenses associated with out-of-network providers A. HMO; IPA B. PPO: IPA C. PPO; HMO D. ACA; IPA
C. PPO; HMO
The ACA insurance markets were created to help insure which group of people? A. People on Medicare B. People on Medicaid C. People without employer-based insurance or government insurance D. People who are currently unsatisfied with the cost of their insurance plans
C. People without employer-based insurance or government insurance
In the Boston Globe article by Tracy, what was the major issue Nancy Petro had with her new insurance coverage through Obamacare? A. Petro did not agree with her new doctor about treatment options and she was not allowed to seek care from her old one B. Petro found that her premiums were too expensive C. Petro had to travel too far to receive treatment D. Petro's insurance company engaged her in frivolous lawsuits against state insurance regulators
C. Petro had to travel too far to receive treatment
What is one of the effects of skyrocketing specialist costs according to Rosenthal? A. Better quality care B. More people purchasing health insurance C. Shortage of primary care doctors D. Longer wait times in hospitals
C. Shortage of primary care doctors
What is Health Related Quality of Life? (HRQL) A. Factors which affect one's functionality in the workplace B. All economic, political, cultural, and spiritual factors that affect quality of life C. The aspects of quality of life that relate specifically to a person's health D. All factors which affect function
C. The aspects of quality of life that relate specifically to a person's health
After the ACA was introduced, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that A. The percentage of people under 65 reporting that they liked Obama increased B. The percentage of people under 65 who were having problems paying medical bills increased C. The percentage of people under 65 who were having problems paying medical bills decreased D. The percentage of people under 65 reporting that they liked Obama decreased
C. The percentage of people under 65 who were having problems paying medical bills decreased
According to the NYT article by Creswell, why have the number of coronary procedures been controllable, unlike the unfettered growth of stent procedures in limbs? A. Stent procedures are more difficult and more prestigious for up-and-coming doctors who want to prove themselves B. Coronary procedures are more difficult and time intensive whereas stent procedures in the limbs are easier to schedule and quicker to perform C. There is a consensus among doctors about how and when to treat blockages in the heart but little consensus among doctors about how and when to treat blockages in limbs D. There is no discrepancy between the number of coronary procedures and stent procedures in the limbs among cardiologists
C. There is a consensus among doctors about how and when to treat blockages in the heart but little consensus among doctors about how and when to treat blockages in limbs
How did the U.S government attempt to control the costs of Medicare in the 1980s? A. By increasing payroll taxes B. By increasing the age of eligibility to 65 C. Through a new prospective payment system for Part A D. By temporarily eliminating Part D of Medicare
C. Through a new prospective payment system for Part A
Which is not one of the two main objectives of a health care delivery system? A. To enable all citizens to obtain health care services when needed B. To have cost-effective health care services that meet established standards of quality C. To compensate all doctors as much as possible for their services
C. To compensate all doctors as much as possible for their services
How much is the tax exclusion for employer sponsored insurance worth? A. $25,000 B. $250,000 C. $25 million D. $250 billion
D. $250 billion
According to the KFF article "Beyond Health Care", what are some of the current challenges with addressing social determinants to promote population health? Group of answer choices A. Lack of resources within communities B. The Affordable Care Act did not address social determinants C. Reductions in funding for prevention and public health under the Trump administration D. A and C E. None of the above
D. A and C
According to Chernew and Frakt, Medicare/Medicaid federal spending has increased because of A. Growth in the number of beneficiaries B. Price inflation C. Growth in health care utilization D. All of the above
D. All of the above
According to Chernew and Frakt, how might Medicare spending be constrained to control government expenditures? A. Increase the age of eligibility B. Increase patient spending at the point of service C. Reduce payments for overpriced services D. All of the above E. A and C only
D. All of the above
Beneficiaries of Medicare must pay A. Deductibles B. Premiums C. Co-insurance D. All of the above
D. All of the above
How did the ACA decrease adverse selection? A. The individual mandate B. Requiring people to buy health insurance during set periods of time C. Offering subsidies D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Why did the professionalization of medicine start later in the US than in some Western European nations? A. Americans emphasized applied science B. Americans neglected basic science research C. Americans emphasized natural history in medical practice D. All of the above
D. All of the above
The Oregon Health Insurance Experiment found that A. Access to Medicaid decreased financial strain B. Access to Medicaid increased utilization of health care services without improving physical outcomes C. Access to Medicaid decreased utilization of health care services and did not improve physical outcomes D. Both A and B
D. Both A and B
What are the three main payment mechanisms within managed care? A. Capitation, discounted fees, Pay-for-performance B. Salaries, Pay-for-performance, Capitation C. Discounted feeds, Pay-per-procedure, Pay-for-performance D. Capitation, discounted fees, salaries
D. Capitation, discounted fees, salaries
Which of the following is not a reason given by Creswell to justify the high frequency of procedures on peripheral vessels? A. Operating on peripheral vessels ultimately saves Medicare money by preventing more serious conditions B. Operating on peripheral vessels ultimately saves Medicare money because these procedures can be done outside of a hospital, unlike heart procedures C. Peripheral artery treatments are less risky than heart procedures D. Coronary heart disease is not immediately dangerous, but blockages in peripheral arteries can be life threatening
D. Coronary heart disease is not immediately dangerous, but blockages in peripheral arteries can be life threatening
What is the "Health in All Policies" approach? A. Requiring all hospitals to staff a social worker B. Encouraging neighborhoods to assess and address their environmental impact C. Requiring all politicians to get a flu shot D. Identifying how multiple sectors affect health and engaging diverse partners to promote health and equity, as well as other sector-specific goals
D. Identifying how multiple sectors affect health and engaging diverse partners to promote health and equity, as well as other sector-specific goals
Which of the following does not describe a fundamental principle of insurance? A. Risk is unpredictable for the individual insured B. Risk can be predicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy for a group or population C. Insurance provides a mechanism for transferring or shifting risk from the individual to the group through the pooling of resources D. Risk can be eliminated by insuring a large group or population
D. Risk can be eliminated by insuring a large group or population
Which of the following is not an avenue through which insurance can be obtained? A. Purchasing insurance directly as an individual B. Employer based insurance C. Medicare/Medicaid D. The Individual mandate
D. The Individual mandate
Why does cost containment remain an elusive goal in US health services delivery? A. Wide availability of cheap medical technology B. It is difficult to get doctors to cooperate with insurance companies C. General inflation D. The US healthcare system is fragmented, and each player seeks to price services at a level that is beneficial to themselves rather than the whole system
D. The US healthcare system is fragmented, and each player seeks to price services at a level that is beneficial to themselves rather than the whole system
What is one solution Aaron Carroll suggested to fix the Obamacare marketplaces? A. The government should make it illegal for insurers to leave the marketplace B. The government should provide incentives to smaller insurers to enter the marketplace C. The government should let market forces work to correct the problem D. The government should increase subsidies for plans on the marketplace
D. The government should increase subsidies for plans on the marketplace
The percentage of revenue from premiums spent on medical expenses is known as ______ A. Minimum essential coverage B. Out of pocket expense C. A preexisting condition D. The medical loss ratio
D. The medical loss ratio
Why was Donna Dubinsky's family denied health insurance the first time she applied? A. They couldn't afford to pay the premiums B. They applied after the deadline C. Her family was too large D. They had pre-existing conditions
D. They had pre-existing conditions
According to the KFF 2019 Overview of Medicare, which of these services is not covered by any part of Medicare? Prescription drugs Dental services Skilled nursing care Home health visits
Dental services
According to the KFF 2019 Overview of Medicare, what is the most common form of supplemental Medicare coverage? Employer-sponsored insurance Medigap Medicaid None of the above
Employer-sponsored insurance
Based on the Pew Trust article, "Health Care Adjusts to a More Diverse America," which of the following is FALSE about health care disparities? Black patients are less likely to receive antiretroviral drugs than white patients Increasing the diversity of the physician workforce can help improve trust between physicians and patients Every state has adopted health equity standards for medical schools to improve cultural competency and reduce bias in the physician workforce Increasing numbers of physicians underrepresented in the workforce may help ease the shortage of physicians in underserved neighborhoods
Every state has adopted health equity standards for medical schools to improve cultural competency and reduce bias in the physician workforce
True or False: The 2019 KFF brief found that the percentage of Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in Medicare Advantage has decreased from 2008 True False
False
True or false: Medicaid is paid for exclusively by the federal government True False
False
True or false: Medical care is a relatively strong determinant of health compared to other social determinants? True False
False
Based on the Ted Talk by Dorothy Roberts, which of the following is FALSE about BiDil? -It was marketed only to black patients for commercial reasons -Race was used as a proxy to account for an unknown genetic factor -It did not gain FDA approval due to poor study design -The clinical trial only included African-American participants More than one of the above
It did not gain FDA approval due to poor study design
What is a "Benchmark Plan" according to KFF's brief on Medicare Part D? Low Income Subsidy plan where beneficiaries pay a portion of the premium Low Income Subsidy plan where beneficiaries pay no premium Enhanced drug plan that covers insulin at a monthly copayment of $35 A type of Medicare Advantage prescription drug plan
Low Income Subsidy plan where beneficiaries pay no premium
According to the KFF Fact Sheet on Medicare Advantage, the COVID-19 pandemic: Led to an increase in Medicare reimbursement in hospitals with higher shares of MA enrollees than FFS FFS Medicare has expanded access to transportation, telehealth, and other services covered by some MA plans Both FFS Medicare and Medicare Advantage have waived cost-sharing for COVID-19 treatment for patients admitted to the hospital Medicare Advantage plans must cover services at out-of-network providers that participate in FFS Medicare More than one of the above
Medicare Advantage plans must cover services at out-of-network providers that participate in FFS Medicare
Based on the KFF Fact Sheet on Medicare Advantage, which of the following is FALSE? The vast majority of Medicare Advantage plans include prescription drug coverage Three insurers make up more than 50% of Medicare Advantage enrollment Most beneficiaries with a special needs plan live in long-term care institutions Medicare group plans are partially funded by Medicare and partially by employers or unions
Most beneficiaries with a special needs plan live in long-term care institutions
Which of the following is a reason why Medicare spending is projected to increase in the next 10 years according to the KFF's 2019 brief? Increased number of specialist visits per enrollee Increased number of benefits covered under Medicare Rising healthcare prices Rising administrative expenses More than one of the above
Rising healthcare prices
Which of the following is NOT a legislative or regulatory change that favors Medicare Advantage of traditional FFS Medicare based on Mark Miller's NYT article? MA has an additional, more flexible enrollment period MA plans have an out-of-pocket maximum while FFS Medicare does not without Medigap The federal government's reimbursement rate per patient is lower with MA compared to FFS Medicare MA plans can get bonuses for high quality ratings None of the above
The federal government's reimbursement rate per patient is lower with MA compared to FFS Medicare
Which of the following statements about the "A Gardner's Tale" analogy is FALSE? The gardener's preference for pink over red may cause them to not see or ignore the differences in soil quality The initial soil quality differences set up the garden in a way that systematically disadvantages the pink flowers The gardener is analogous to the government, as both have the power to act and control allocation of resources The gardener plucking pink flowers out of the fertile soil box is an example of internalized racism Mixing the soils or fertilizing the rocky soil are actions that can be taken to address institutionalized and internalized racism in the analogy
The gardener plucking pink flowers out of the fertile soil box is an example of internalized racism
True or False: Employer based insurance is tax-free True False
True
True or False: It is illegal for an insurance company to sell a Medigap plan to someone who is covered by Medicaid? True False
True
True or false: death rates for white, middle aged Americans are rising. True False
True
Who is Samuel Cartwright, according to Dorothy Roberts? Cardiologist who developed the first FDA approved race-specific medicine Physician who developed the race-specific correction for GFR Head of the Human Genome Project who alluded to the idea that genetic difference between humans are not related to race d. Physician who invented the spirometer to show the presumed deficit in lung capacity in African Americans
d. Physician who invented the spirometer to show the presumed deficit in lung capacity in African Americans