Hearing, balance, taste, and smell

The internal (inner) ear functions in the sensation of hearing only.

False

The movement of otoliths is involved in the sensation of dynamic equilibrium.

False

The olfactory receptors are responsible for detecting taste sensations.

False

What must be stimulated in order for the sense of hearing to be transmitted to the cochlear nerve?

Hair cells

If the hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti are damaged, what sense is impaired?

Hearing

The pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube is indicated by ________.

Label A

The cochlea is indicated by ________.

Label B

The semicircular canals are indicated by ________.

Label C

The malleus (hammer) is indicated by ________.

Label E

The auricle (pinna) is indicated by ________.

Label F

The stapes (stirrup) is indicated by ________.

Label H

The tympanic membrane is indicated by ________.

Label I

Where are the olfactory receptors located?

Nasal cavity

What type of chemoreceptor is responsible for our sense of smell?

Olfactory receptor

The small, peglike projections of the tongue's surface are called ________.

Papillae

Why is it harder to determine where a sound originates when one auditory canal is completely blocked with earwax?

Since one ear is functionally deaf, the brain can't compare input from both cochleae to localize a given sound.

Gustatory hairs are to taste as olfactory hairs are to ________.

Smell

After years of working on loud construction sites, Erik experienced deafness in both ears. Determine what has been damaged.

Spiral organ of Corti

Taste bud cells are replaced every 7 to 10 days by basal cells.

True

The bony labyrinth of the internal ear consists of the cochlea, vestibule, and the semicircular canals.

True

The pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube links the middle ear cavity with the throat.

True

What sensation allows someone to enjoy the "beef taste" of a steak?

Unami

What sign or symptom distinguishes Méniére's syndrome from sensorineural and conduction deafness?

Vertigo

What structure is lined with ceruminous glands?

external acoustic meatus (auditory canal)

What specific receptor cells respond to chemicals dissolved in saliva?

gustatory cells

What is a possible cause of conduction deafness?

inability of auditory ossicles to vibrate

The vibration of sound waves causes the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, to move against an ossicle known as ________.

malleus or hammer

Which of the following is the auditory ossicle that attaches to the tympanic membrane?

malleus, hammer

Identify the pathway of vibrations as they travel from one ossicle to the next.

malleus, incus, stapes

An ear infection following an illness such as a cold can pass from the throat through the auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube to the ________.

middle ear

Our sense of static equilibrium is created by the ________.

movement of otoliths along hair cells

Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect information about angular or rotational movements of the head are housed in the ________.

semicircular canals

What part of the inner ear contains receptors for dynamic equilibrium?

semicircular canals

What is umami?

sense of taste elicited by the amino acid glutamate

Which cochlear hair cells are stimulated by high-frequency sounds?

shorter, stiffer hair cells located along the basilar membrane, near the oval window

Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the ________.

spiral organ of Corti

The movement of otoliths and bending of hair cells in the inner ear contribute to our sense of ________.

static equilibrium

The five taste sensations are ________.

sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami

The "hairs" of the hair cells within the organ of Corti are embedded in which of the following?

tectorial membrane

In severe cases of otitis media, a tube is implanted into what structure to allow for drainage?

tympanic membrane

Sound waves entering the external acoustic meatus (auditory canal) hit the eardrum, also known as the ________.

tympanic membrane

Jake was struck in the head during a baseball game. Which of the following could impair the sense of hearing if damaged?

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

What divides the outer ear from the middle ear?

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Static equilibrium receptors are located in the ________.

vestibule

Conduction deafness may result from earwax buildup or the fusion of the ossicles.

True

In order to hear sound, vibrations must pass from the tympanic membrane to the ossicles, and on to the oval window.

True

While spinning around on a carousel or carnival ride, this motion will be detected by receptors known as the ________.

crista ampullaris