Heart anatomy
The crista terminalis can be used to locate all of the following structures except the
Opening of the pulmonary veins
Identify the highlighted structure.
Papillary muscles
The papillary muscles attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by means of the
Tendinous cords
Which prenatal structure forms the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
Truncus arteriosus
The bicuspid or mitral valve is located
Between the left atrium and left ventricle
Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in
Bicuspid prolapse, mitral regurgitation, bicuspid regurgitation, mitral valve prolapse
When the left ventricle contracts, the distance from the apex to the base
Decreases
Coronary veins empty into the
right atrium
The fossa ovalis appears just above the opening of the coronary sinus within the
right atrium
The right border of the heart is supplied by the
right marginal artery
The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the
right ventricle
The pericardial cavity is between the
visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium
The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus contain
ateries, fat, veins
The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right because
both the left ventricle does more work than the right ventricle and the left ventricle produces a higher pressure than the right.
The function of the atrium is to
collect blood and pump blood to the ventricle
Blood is supplied to the myocardium by
coronary arteries
Which vessel returns most of the venous blood from the heart to the right atrium?
coronary sinus
There is a foramen ovale in the skull and another one in the heart. The foramen ovale in the heart gives rise to the
fossa ovalis
The foramen ovale of the fetal heart is an opening in the
interatrial septum
Pectinate muscles are found on the:
internal walls of the right and left atria
Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the
left atrium
Identify the structure labeled 21
ligamentum arteriosum
Of the three layers of the heart wall, the layer that contains the cardiac muscle is the
myocardium
Identify the structure labeled 8
papillary muscles
From which view is the connection between the pulmonary veins and the heart most visible
posterior view
Which of the cardiovascular system's circuits has deoxygenated blood in its arteries?
pulmonary circuit
Identify the structure labeled 19
pulmonary semilunar valve
Which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
pulmonary veins
Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of
Cardiac myocytes
Threadlike structures of the endocardium that prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves
Chordae tendineae
Identify the highlighted artery
Circumflex
The great middle cardiac vein drains blood into the
Coronary sinus
Rhe right atrium recieves blood from the
Coronary sinus, inferior vena cava, superior vena cava
The internal C- shaped crest of the right atrium which indicates the openings for the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava is
Crista terminalis
Identify the letter that indicates the left auricle
D
Identify the letter that indicates the location of the subendocardial conducting network.
D
Do these vessels carry oxygenated blood or deoxygenated blood?
Deoxygenated
The region between the right and left pleural cavities is the
Mediastinum
Identify the highlighted vessel
Middle cardiac vein
Which vein drains the posterior aspect of the ventricles of the heart
Middle cardiac vein
The layer of the heart wall composed if cardiac muscle tissue is the
Myocardium
When the semilunar valves close, the AV valves then
Open
The sequence of pericardial layers from superficial to deep is the fibrous, ________, and visceral pericardium.
Parietal
The heart lies within the___
Pericardial cavity
The heart valves
Permit the passage of blood in one direction
Identify the highlighted vessel.
Posterior interventricular artery
Which correctly describes the heart's apex?
Projects slightly anteroinferiorly toward the left side of the body
Identify the highlighted structure.
Pulmonary trunk
The right ventricle pumps blood to the
Right and left lungs
Identify the highlighted structure.
Right ventricle
What part of the cardiac conduction system is located in the posterior wall of the right atrium, adjacent to the entrance of the superior vena cava
SA node
The heart beat is initiated by the cells of the _____ node.
Sinoatrial ( SA)
The_____ cardiac vein travels alongside the right marginal artery
Small
Identify the highlighted vessel
Small cardiac vein
The highlighted structure receives deoxygenated blood from three vessels, name one.
Superior vena cava
The____ circuit carries blood from the aorta to the right ventricle
Systemic
_____ is to the contraction as_____ is to relaxation
Systole;diastole and ejection; filling
Irregular ridges in the walls of the ventricles are called
Trabeculae carneae
T/F-Immediately prior to atrial contraction, blood continues to enter the atria from the venae cavae and pulmonary veins
True
T/F-It is the contraction of the atria during atrial systole that completes the filling of the ventricles while the ventricles are in diastole
True
T/F-Normally, the left and right ventricles eject the same amount of blood
True
T/F-Oxygen rich blood returning from the lungs enters the left atrium through two right and two left pulmonary veins
True
T/F-The electrical event that begins each heartbeat occurs at the sinoatrial (SA) node
True
T/F-The left ventricle walls are typically thicker than the right ventricular wall
True
T/F-The main functions of the cardiovascular system include the transpot and exchange of respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes through out the body
True
T/F-The receiving chambers of the heart are the atria, and the forcefully pumping chambers of the heart are the ventricles
True
Typically, there are __________ papillary muscles that project from the wall of the left ventricle and attach to the tendinous cords that support the left AV valve.
Two
Is the highlighted structure closed during atrial systole, or during ventricular systole?
Ventricular systole
If the beating heart makes a "lub-dub" sound the "dup" sound is caused bu
Vibrations that result from the semilunar valves slamming shut
The term "epicardium" is another name for the
Visceral layer of the serosal pericardium
An equivelent term for epicardium is
Visceral pericardium
The left ventricle pumps blood to the
aorta
The inferior point of the heart is called the___
apex
______ carry blood away from the heart
arteries
The heart has four chambers , two small thin walled ______ and two large muscular ______.
atria and ventricles
The earlike extension of the atrium is the
auricle
The connective tissue fibers of the myocardium a. provide physical support for cardiac muscle b. Add strength and prevent overexpansion of heart c. Provide elasticity to help return the heart to its normal size d. Help distribute the forces of contraction e. All of the above
e. All of the above
The auricles are
earlike flaps on the surface of the atria
Artery is to _____ as vein is to ____.
efferent and afferent
The ____ lines the chambers of the heart , covers the heart valves , and is continuous with the endothelium.
endocardium
The ________ covers the outer surface of the heart.
epicardium
The visceral pericardium is the same as the
epicardium
The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the
foramen ovale
This blood vessel is located in the anterior interventricular sulcus
great cardiac vein
Which of the following veins does not deliver blood directly to the right atrium
great cardiac veins
The pulmonary veins carry blood to the
heart
The _____ separates the two atria
interatrial septum
The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the
interatrial septum
The posterior interventricular sulcus
is a groove between the ventricles on the back of the heart
The first heart sound ( lub)
is associated with closing of the mitral valve.
Most of the mass of the heart lies to the ________ of the midline.
left
Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the
left atrium
Blood is supplied to the left atrium by the
left coronary artery
The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the
left coronary artery
The heart chamber with the thickest wall is the
left ventricle
The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the
lungs
The coronary sulcus is a groove that
marks the border between the atria and ventricles.
In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the
mediastinum
The space between the pleural cavities is called the
mediastinum
Heart valve with two cusps
mitral valve
The middle layer of the heart wall that is made of cardiac muscle tissue is
myocardium
The muscle layer of the heart
myocardium
Contraction of these structures tightens the chordae tendineae, preventing valve prolapse.
papillary muscles
What structures anchor the chordae tendinae
papillary muscles
The pericardial cavity lies between
parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium
Which of the following structures is not found in the left ventricle
pectinate muscles
Contractions of the papillary muscles
prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria.
Oxygen is added to blood as it flows through the ________ circuit.
pulmonary
The _____ circuit carries blood to and from the lungs
pulmonary
The valve responsible for preventing backflow of blood from the lungs into the heart
pulmonary semilunar valve
Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the
pulmonary valve
Which of the following vessels does not carry oxygen poor blood to the heart
pulmonary vein
The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right ventricular wall so that it can
pump blood with greater pressure
Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics, except that it
pumps a greater volume
As blood is pumped out of the heart and into the major arteries leaving the heart, it
pushes against the semilunar valves and opens them
Oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart and enters the
right atrium
The heart chamber that receives blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus
right atrium
Which heart chambers contain deoxygenated blood?
right atrium and right ventricle
Which pair is located more anteriorly in a heart in normal position?
right atrium and right ventricle
The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the
right coronary artery
The _____ delivers blood to the myocardium
right coronary artery and left coronary artery
The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in
sinoatrial node
Oxygen is removed from blood as it flows through the ________ circuit.
systemic
Contraction phase of the cardiac cycle
systole
Muscular ridges on the inner surface of the ventricles are called
trabeculae carneae
Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ____ valve.
tricuspid
_____ carry blood toward the heart.
veins
The inferior chambers of the heart are called
ventricles
The epicardium is the same as
visceral layer of serous pericardium
The tricuspid valve is closed
when the ventricle is in systole
During ventricular contraction
The semilunar valves open and the AV valves close
The atrioventricular valve (AV) node is located in the
Floor of the right atrium
During ventricular systole, blood is
Forced from the ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary trunk
Identify the highlighted vessel.
Great cardiac vein
Identify the highlighted structure.
Interatrial septum
Identify the structure labeled 6
cusp of tricuspid valve
When the left ventricle contracts, the diameter of the ventricular chamber
decreases
The inner endothelial layer that lines the heart is
endocardium
Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit?
16
How many half-moon shaped, pocketlike cusps are found in each semilunar valve?
3
In this figure showing an anterior view of the heart, the left atrium is noted by number
4
Identify the highlighted structure.
Trabeculae carneae
Identify the highlighted structure
Aorta
The pulmonary trunk receives blood from the right ventricle and conducts it toward the lung. The pulmonary trunk is a(n)
Artery
Identify the highlighted structure.
Chordae tendineae
The "heartstrings" are
Chordae tendineae
Which action leads to the closure of the right atrioventricular valve
Contraction of the right ventricle
Blood is carried to capillaries in the myocardium by way of the
Coronary arteries
Identify the highlighted vessel
Coronary sinus
Where are the cell to cell contacts of the cardiac muscle fibers called
Intercalated discs
Identify the highlighted structure.
Tricuspid valve
In this figure showing an anterior view of the heart, what is depicted by number 7
Right atrioventricular valve/tricuspid
Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the
Right atrium
The highlighted vessel returns blood from the body to which chamber of the heart
Right atrium
Each of the receiving chambers of the heart has a wrinkled flaplike extension ; the one that is more visible from the anterior view is the
Right auricle
Identify the highlighted structure.
Right auricle
A specific coronary vessel that lies in the coronary sulcus is the
Right coronary artery
Identify the highlighted vessel.
Right pulmonary veins
The small cardiac vein is present on the
Right ventricle
Identify the highlighted vessel
Superior vena cava
The right ventricle pumps blood into which vessel
The pulmonary trunk
A drop of blood returning to the heart from the head region would enter the heart through which vessel
The superior vena cava
The highlighted structure consists of
Three semilunar cusps
The great cardiac vein runs alongside the
anterior interventricular artery
A specific coronary vessel that lies in the anterior interventricular sulcus is the
anterior interventricular artery/Left anterior descending artery (LAD).
During left ventricular systole, blood exits the heart to enter the
aorta
Which valve prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle when the ventricles relax
aortic semilunar valve
Semilunar valves are located
between the ventricles and the great arteries
The _______ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium
bicuspid
Which circuit of the cardiovascular system includes the left ventricle and aorta?
systemic circuit
Which circuit of the cardiovascular system is responsible for sending blood to the kidneys, stomach, and pelvic regions?
systemic circuit
The function of the coronary sinus is to
take blood from the coronary circulation to the right atrium
The semilunar valves are closed when
the ventricles are relaxing
The internal wall surface of each ventricle displays large, smooth, irregular muscular ridges called
trabeculae carneae
Relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle
diastole
Identify the highlighted vessel.
Brachiocephalic trunk
Identify the three branches of the highlighted vessel
Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
Identify the letter that indicates the ligamentum arteriosum
C
Identify the letter that indicates the location of the bundle branches.
C
The heart beats approximately ______ times each day
100,000
There are ___ pulmonary veins
4
The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart, what is the sequence in which excitation would move through this system is
4,3,2,5,1
The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart
5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6
Identify the letter that indicates the left atrioventricular valve
A
Identify the letter that indicates the left common carotid artery
A
The heart is roughly the size of
A mans clenched fist
During ventricular systole, the
AV valves are closed
The first heart sound is heard when the
AV valves close
Identify the highlighted vessel
Anterior interventricular artery
Identify the highlighted structure
Apex
The inferior, conical end of the heart is called the_____
Apex
Which of the following descriptions matches the term "near the left fifth intercostal space"?
Apex of the heart
Identify the highlighted vessel
Ascending aorta
Cells of the conducting system located between between the AV node and bundle branches
Atrioventricular bundle (Bundle of His)
The anterior part of each atrium is a flaplike extension called a(n)
Auricle
Identify the letter that indicates anchor points for chordae tendineae , composed of cells from the myocardium.
B
Identify the letter that indicates the aortic arch
B
The highlighted structure is a remnant of which structure in the fetus ?
Ductus arteriosus
Identify the letter that indicates the left coronary artery
E
Identify the letter that indicates the tissue layer of the heart known as the epicardium
E
T/F -Arteries carry blood toward the heart, while veins carry blood away from the heart
False
T/F -During ventricular contraction, the semilunar valves close in order to permit the blood to enter the large arterial trunks that carry blood away from the heart.
False
T/F -Purkinje fibers are small fibers within the atria that conduct impulses rapidly
False
T/F-Papillary muscles are horizontal ridges in the walls of the atrium
False
T/F-The middle cardiac vein lies alongside the anterior interventricular artery
False
T/F-The right and left coronary arteries arise from the ascending aorta
False
In the fetus, what structure is located at the highlighted site
Foramen ovale
The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow
In one direction only
Identify the highlighted structure.
Left atrium
The heart chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Identify the highlighted structure.
Left auricle
Identify the highlighted structures
Left ventricle
The heart chamber that pumps oxygenated blood around the systemic circuit is the
Left ventricle
The walls of the _____ are thicker so as to push blood through the systemic circuit.
Left ventricle
The ______ ventricle has a greater workload than the _____
Left; right ventricle
Identify the highlighted artery.
Marginal
The heart is innervated by ___ nerves
both parasympathetic and sympathetic
What is the sequence of events in the transmission of an impulse through the heart muscle
c, d, a, b, f, g, e
The cusps ( leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to
chordae tendineae
Coronary artery that supplies the left atrium
circumflex artery
The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ____ arteries
coronary
The right atrium receives blood from the superior vena cava , inferior vena cava, and _____.
coronary sinus
The atria are separated from the ventricles externally by the
coronary sulcus