Heart AP2
Identify the vessel that branches off the brachiocephalic trunk in the cat and off the aortic arch in humans.
Left common carotid artery
Name the irregular ridges of muscle lining the ventricles.
Trabeculae carneae
P-R interval
duration of atrial depolarization and AV node delay; norm: .20 sec
R-R interval
entire duration of a cardiac action potential
Q-T interval
entire duration of a ventricular action potential; norm: .32-.42 sec
The hematocrit, or packed cell volume, is the percentage of ___________ in a volume of a blood sample.
erythrocytes
foramen ovale becomes
fossa ovalis
How is the expression of surface antigens on red blood cells determined?
genetics
Tachycardia
heart rate above 100 bpm
Bradycardia
heart rate less than 60 bpm
The superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein fuse to form the _________, which transports nutrient-rich blood to the liver
hepatic portal vein
Which statement is most true for the blood in the pulmonary veins?
it is oxygenated
S-T segment
plateau phase; period of uniform depolarization of the ventricles
cardiac output
the amount of blood pumped through the heart per minute (HRxSV)
ECG is a graphic recording of __________.
the electrical activity of the heart
The tunica intima is
the innermost layer of a blood vessel
The most muscular chamber of the heart is the __________.
Left Ventricle
What heart chamber pushes blood through the aortic semilunar valve?
Left Ventricle
fibrous pericardium
1 tough, white fibrous connective tissue that is the outer layer of the pericardium
parietal pericardium
2 outer layer of the pericardium
pericardial cavity
3 filled with pericardial fluid
epicardium (visceral pericardium)
4 the inner layer of the pericardium that covers the surface of the heart
Myocardium
5 Thick middle muscle layer of the heart
endocardium
6 Inner layer of the heart
artery
A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
vein
A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart.
In a human, if the brachiocephalic trunk was narrowed with atherosclerosis, what additional pathways would be essential to maintain blood supply to the brain?
Left common carotid and left vertebral arteries
Like the ABO blood group, the Rh blood group is important in determining blood transfusion compatibility. Which of the following statements is true regarding the Rh blood group?
Anti-Rh (D) antibodies are only found in Rh- individuals who have been exposed to Rh+ blood.
P wave
Atrial depolarization
The valve found between the left atrium and left ventricle
Bicuspid/Mitral valve
How would blood doping with EPO affect a patient's hematocrit?
Blood doping with EPO would raise a patient's hematocrit.
Identify the vessel listed below that is a paired vessel.
Brachiocephalic vein
What fibrous structure functions to anchor the atrioventricular valves in a closed position?
Chordae tendineae
Two paired vessels supply blood to the brain: the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries. From which vessels do these arteries originate?
Common carotid and subclavian arteries
Systole
Contraction of the heart
The inner lining of the heart is
Endocardium
Which of the four vessels that branch off the subclavian artery supplies blood to structures in the thorax only?
Internal thoracic artery
Which layer of the heart wall is composed predominantly of cardiac muscle tissue?
Myocardium
Diastole
Relaxation of the heart
Identify the vessel that receives blood from the upper limb.
Subclavian vein
Distinguish between the base of the heart and the apex of the heart.
The great vessels are located on the base, and the apex ends at a point.
Blood on the right never mixes with blood on the left, once the heart is fully developed.
True
QRS complex
Ventricular depolarization; norm: >.12 sec
T wave
Ventricular repolarization
Stroke Volume (SV)
amount of blood pumped in a beat (EDV-ESV)
People who have the B antigen on the surface of their red blood cells have _______ antibodies in their plasma.
anti-A
People who have neither A nor B antigens on the surface of their red blood cells have ________ antibodies in their plasma.
anti-A and anti-B
People who have the A antigen on the surface of their red blood cells have _______ antibodies in their plasma.
anti-B
Proteins located on the plasma membrane of red blood cells are called ________________.
antigens
A+
antigens are A, Rh; antibodies are anti-B
AB-
antigens are A,B; antibodies are anti-Rh
A-
antigens are A; antibodies are anti-B, anti-Rh
B+
antigens are B, Rh; antibodies are anti-A
B-
antigens are B; antibodies are anti-A, anti-Rh
O+
antigens are Rh; antibodies are anti-A, anti-B
Heart Rate (HR)
beats per minute
If a drop of blood is located in the left atrium, into/through what structure will it next pass?
bicuspid (mitral) valve
ductus arteriosus becomes
ligamentum arteriosum
People who have both A and B antigens on the surface of their red blood cells have ________ antibodies in their plasma.
neither anti-A nor anti-B
The __________ contains deoxygenated blood that is returning to the heart.
superior vena cava
O-
universal donor; antigens are none; antibodies are anti-A, anti-B, anti-Rh
AB+
universal recipient; antigens are A,B, Rh; antibodies are none