Heart AP2

Identify the vessel that branches off the brachiocephalic trunk in the cat and off the aortic arch in humans.

Left common carotid artery

Name the irregular ridges of muscle lining the ventricles.

Trabeculae carneae

P-R interval

duration of atrial depolarization and AV node delay; norm: .20 sec

R-R interval

entire duration of a cardiac action potential

Q-T interval

entire duration of a ventricular action potential; norm: .32-.42 sec

The hematocrit, or packed cell volume, is the percentage of ___________ in a volume of a blood sample.

erythrocytes

foramen ovale becomes

fossa ovalis

How is the expression of surface antigens on red blood cells determined?

genetics

Tachycardia

heart rate above 100 bpm

Bradycardia

heart rate less than 60 bpm

The superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein fuse to form the _________, which transports nutrient-rich blood to the liver

hepatic portal vein

Which statement is most true for the blood in the pulmonary veins?

it is oxygenated

S-T segment

plateau phase; period of uniform depolarization of the ventricles

cardiac output

the amount of blood pumped through the heart per minute (HRxSV)

ECG is a graphic recording of __________.

the electrical activity of the heart

The tunica intima is

the innermost layer of a blood vessel

The most muscular chamber of the heart is the __________.

Left Ventricle

What heart chamber pushes blood through the aortic semilunar valve?

Left Ventricle

fibrous pericardium

1 tough, white fibrous connective tissue that is the outer layer of the pericardium

parietal pericardium

2 outer layer of the pericardium

pericardial cavity

3 filled with pericardial fluid

epicardium (visceral pericardium)

4 the inner layer of the pericardium that covers the surface of the heart

Myocardium

5 Thick middle muscle layer of the heart

endocardium

6 Inner layer of the heart

artery

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

vein

A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart.

In a human, if the brachiocephalic trunk was narrowed with atherosclerosis, what additional pathways would be essential to maintain blood supply to the brain?

Left common carotid and left vertebral arteries

Like the ABO blood group, the Rh blood group is important in determining blood transfusion compatibility. Which of the following statements is true regarding the Rh blood group?

Anti-Rh (D) antibodies are only found in Rh- individuals who have been exposed to Rh+ blood.

P wave

Atrial depolarization

The valve found between the left atrium and left ventricle

Bicuspid/Mitral valve

How would blood doping with EPO affect a patient's hematocrit?

Blood doping with EPO would raise a patient's hematocrit.

Identify the vessel listed below that is a paired vessel.

Brachiocephalic vein

What fibrous structure functions to anchor the atrioventricular valves in a closed position?

Chordae tendineae

Two paired vessels supply blood to the brain: the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries. From which vessels do these arteries originate?

Common carotid and subclavian arteries

Systole

Contraction of the heart

The inner lining of the heart is

Endocardium

Which of the four vessels that branch off the subclavian artery supplies blood to structures in the thorax only?

Internal thoracic artery

Which layer of the heart wall is composed predominantly of cardiac muscle tissue?

Myocardium

Diastole

Relaxation of the heart

Identify the vessel that receives blood from the upper limb.

Subclavian vein

Distinguish between the base of the heart and the apex of the heart.

The great vessels are located on the base, and the apex ends at a point.

Blood on the right never mixes with blood on the left, once the heart is fully developed.

True

QRS complex

Ventricular depolarization; norm: >.12 sec

T wave

Ventricular repolarization

Stroke Volume (SV)

amount of blood pumped in a beat (EDV-ESV)

People who have the B antigen on the surface of their red blood cells have _______ antibodies in their plasma.

anti-A

People who have neither A nor B antigens on the surface of their red blood cells have ________ antibodies in their plasma.

anti-A and anti-B

People who have the A antigen on the surface of their red blood cells have _______ antibodies in their plasma.

anti-B

Proteins located on the plasma membrane of red blood cells are called ________________.

antigens

A+

antigens are A, Rh; antibodies are anti-B

AB-

antigens are A,B; antibodies are anti-Rh

A-

antigens are A; antibodies are anti-B, anti-Rh

B+

antigens are B, Rh; antibodies are anti-A

B-

antigens are B; antibodies are anti-A, anti-Rh

O+

antigens are Rh; antibodies are anti-A, anti-B

Heart Rate (HR)

beats per minute

If a drop of blood is located in the left atrium, into/through what structure will it next pass?

bicuspid (mitral) valve

ductus arteriosus becomes

ligamentum arteriosum

People who have both A and B antigens on the surface of their red blood cells have ________ antibodies in their plasma.

neither anti-A nor anti-B

The __________ contains deoxygenated blood that is returning to the heart.

superior vena cava

O-

universal donor; antigens are none; antibodies are anti-A, anti-B, anti-Rh

AB+

universal recipient; antigens are A,B, Rh; antibodies are none