HED 4600 Study guide Test 1

List the 5 historical themes of drug use

1)cope with one's environment 2)susceptible brain chemistry 3)business and government involvement 4)refining, synthesizing, and manufacturing drugs 5)new methods of use

How many pounds of coca leaf does it take to make 1 pound of cocaine?

100

Which amendment went into effect in 1920 to make the manufacture and distribution of alcohol a crime

18

What year brought about the founding of Alcoholics Anonymous, The Marijuana Tax Act, and the synthesis of LSD by Dr. Albert Hofmann?

1930s

what year did young people disillusioned with what society was telling them looked to psychedelic drugs for answers to questions that their parents did not consider

1960 the era of upheaval

Taxes on alcohol supplied how much of the US budget in 1920

50%

Which of the following statements is true?

Alcoholism and drug abuse are relatively new social problems. *** Humankind has always had a desire to alter individual states of consciousness regardless of the potential for damage Drug policies that emphasize supply reduction immediately reduce violence. Scientific research has shown that addiction is a matter of weak moral character.

Originally called "freebase," "crack cocaine" first appeared at the beginning of this century.

False

T/F Downers (depressants) increases stimulation to the central nervous system.

False - Downers include the depression of the central nervous system

What are some examples of "all arounders" or psychedelics?

LSD, marijuana, synthetic marijuana, PCP, ecstasy, and psilocybin, mushrooms

Who suggested that cocaine could be used to control asthma, to calm gastric disorders, and to treat morphine and alcohol addicts?

Sigmund Freud

Mexican cartels have replaced Colombian cartels in controlling smuggling cocaine into the United States.

True

Sharing of contaminated needles and drug-induced high-risk sexual practices are factors that have contributed to the spread of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C.

True

T/F You can become addicted to a drug just by using it once.

True

T/F: steroids are addictive drugs

True

The ruling classes, governments, industry, and criminal organizations have controlled the trade of psychoactive drugs.

True

There are more than 50 major topics (e.g., Narcotics Anonymous, Sex Addicts Anonymous, and Overeaters Anonymous) covered by 12-step groups operating around the world.

True

True or False The close relationship between drugs and mental illness is referenced, researched, and utilized in treatment throughout history.

True

What are 2 examples of downers

alcohol and antihistamines

The brain can be described in 3 ways

anatomically by function by location

Psychoactive Drug

any substance that directly alters the normal functioning of the CNS

According to the authors of Uppers, Downers, and All Arounders, a psychoactive drug is defined as

any substance that directly alters the normal functioning of the central nervous system

Drug distribution

bioavailability is defined as the degree to which the active ingredients of a drug become available to the target tissues after administration

How are uppers classified

by their primary physiological effects starting with an increase in stimulation to the CNS

How can drugs be classified

by their purpose of use, by their various names, by their effects

How are drugs usually classified

drugs are usually classified by their effects

In the United States, the legal drinking age varies from state to state.

false

5 most common ways for drugs to enter the body

inhaled injection mucous membrane absorption oral ingestion contact absorption

Injection

intravenously - directly into the bloodstream intramuscularly - into a muscle mass subcutaneously - under the skin 15-30 seconds intravenously or 3-5 min in a muscle or under the skin injecting a strong psychoactive drug produces an intense rush most dangerous method of use because it bypasses the bodys natural defenses

_____ are drugs that come from the opium poppy after refinement

opiates

Psychiatric medications, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anti-anxiety drugs, are prescribed to

rebalance irregular brain chemistry

Key factors in pharmacokinetics

route of aministration speed of transit to the brain rate of metabolism process of elimination affinity for nerve cells and neurotransmitters

What are some methods of use

smoking, drinking, snorting, inhaling, chewing, and injecting

Inhalation

smoking, vaping, inhaling inhaling the drug enters the lungs and is rapidly absorbed through capillaries lining the air sacs of the bronchi acts more quickly 7-10 sec before the drug reaches the brain

The British encouraged the planting of hemp in the new American colonies for which of the following reasons?

to provide England with strong fibers from which it could make rope and sails for its ships

Anticholinergics, cannabinoids, and PCP are all considered all arounders. True or False?

true

Blackouts are caused by an alcohol-induced electrochemical disruption of the brain. True or False ?

true

Smoking opium quickly delivered greater amounts of the drug into the blood and therefore into the brain, increasing the intensity of the effects. True or false?

true

TRUE OR FALSE: Throughout history alcohol has been the most popular psychoactive substance?

true

True or False Downers include the depression of the central nervous system?

true

True or False: Approximately 60 plants, including the beans of coffee shrubs and the leaves of tea bushes, contain caffeine.

true

True or False: Over 76 million people have an alcohol use disorder, and 2.5 million die from the disorder each year

true

college campuses are high-risk environments? T/F

true

Does sharing needles put you at a higher risk of contracting HIV/AIDS?

yes