HESI biology
Gymnosperm
"Naked seeds", such as pine cones and other conifers. No fruit or flowers
How many rounds of cell division occur during meiosis?
2
how many atp molecules are produced during glycolysis?
2
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
5 carbon sugar molecule, phosphate group, nitrogen base
What would be the probability of a short pea plant (ss) and a tall pea plant (Ss) producing a heterozygous tall pea plant?
50%
What is the difference between a diploid cell and a haploid cell?
A diploid cell has a full number of chromosomes, and a haploid cell does not.
During protein synthesis in a cell, the primary structure of the protein consists of a linear chain of monomers. What is another way to describe this structure?
A linear chain of amino acids that are covalently bonded together
What is the scientific method?
A process used to answer a question or address a problem
Mutualism
A relationship between two species in which both species benefit
What happens in the kind of mutation known as intrachromosomal?
A segment breaks off a chromosome and reattached at a different point
conclusion
After analyzing the data, the scientist draws a conclusion. A valid conclusion must be based on the facts observed in the experiments. If the data from repeated experiments support the hypothesis, the scientist will publish the hypothesis and experimental data for other scientists to review and discuss.
What's an example of an autotroph?
Algae (all plants are autotrophs)
Which option names a final step in protein synthesis?
Amino acids bond
Heterotroph
An organism that cannot make its own food.
Autotroph
An organism that makes its own food
Which is a plant hormone that regulates growth and development?
Auxin
Which animal breeds through internal fertilization but external development?
Birds
Which light color would be most effective for growing green plants?
Blue
What is required for primary active transport to take place?
Chemical energy
Which bacteria are spherical shape
Cocci
_______ is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not affected?
Commensalism
Which organism reproduces by budding?
Coral
Which one would have the least energy efficiency in nutrient consumption?
Coyote ( higher up on the food chain)
Which statement correctly compares cytokinesis in plants and animals?
Cytokinesis in plants involves a new cell wall, but it involves physically deforming the cell in animals
Before mitosis occurs,
DNA must wrap around histones
What sort of plant growth would you expect to see in the biome known as taiga?
Dense evergreen trees
A scientist discovers a cell that has a nucleus and is 15mm in size. What type of cell is this?
Eukaryote
Samantha uses a Punnett Square to estimate what a litter of puppies will look like. She crosses homozygous dominant trait of brown fur with a homozygous recessive trait for curly fur. Which of the following most likely designates the dominant trait in this Punnett Square?
FF
If someone needs ATP desperately and has run out of oxygen, What could help?
Fermentation
When would a cell most likely contain the most amount of nucleotides?
G1
Which is a classification level in the Linnaean system?
Genus
The scientific name for a house at is Felix catus. This indicated the cats __________ and _________.
Genus (Felis); species (catus)
Which is an end product of digestion of carbs?
Glucose
Which gives the correct order of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Acetyl coA, Citric acid cycle, Electron transport chain
Which structure is found in protists but not in monerans?
Golgi apparatus ( monerans don't have organelles)
A naturalist observes a plant with needle-like leaves and naked seeds. Which kind of plant is it?
Gymnosperm
Whose efficiency of energy is greater?
Herbivore
What's an example of a homologous structure?
Human arm and whale flipper
What are saturated fats saturated with?
Hydrogen atoms
What is the term for the breakdown of glycogen into glucose subunits?
Hydrolysis
what phase is the cell cycle part of?
Interphase
How is transpiration water loss different from simple evaporation?
It involves plant activity
Which sequence describes the hierarchy level of biological organization?
Kingdom, Phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Which statement best represents Mendel's experiments with garden peas?
Mendel collaborated with others interested in genetics to develop heredity guidlines we still use today
What process do cells in the tip of a plant's root undergo to increase in number?
Mitosis
what molecule plays a direct role in chemiosmosis?
NADH
Hypothesis, experimentation, and analysis
Next, a hypothesis is formed, meaning that the scientist proposes a possible solution to the question, realizing that the answer could be incorrect. The scientist tests the hypothesis through experiments that include experimental and control groups. Data from the experiments is collected, recorded, and analyzed.
Dogs are a part of a larger animal group, the Carnivora. What classification is this?
Order
In addition to lacking a nucleus, what else does a prokaryotic cell lack?
Organelles
What kind of symbiosis exists between a pneumonia bacterium and a human?
Parasitism
What must occur as a transition reaction before the citric acid cycle begins?
Pyruvate converts into acetyl coA
Which part of a flowering plant protects the flower?
Sepal
Which specific genetic characteristic is unique to an individual human being?
Sequence of nucleotides
Which organism would have the least specialized organization?
Sponge
What is replication?
Synthesizing a new strand of DNA
In which phase of mitosis do new nuclear membranes form around sets of chromosomes?
Telophase
Students grew fungi in a variety of media and measured the resulting fungi after 4 weeks, eight weeks, and twelve weeks. What was the independent variable in this experiment?
The media ( independent variable can be manipulated)
What is the purpose of phloem in plant tissue?
To transport sugar and nutrients
Where does percolation take place in the water cycle?
Underground
Angiosperm
a flowering plant that produces seeds within a fruit
which example is part of the scientific method?
a researcher analyzes how many plants respond well to a new fertilizer
which would benefit from the use of a taxonomic system?
a researcher discovers a new organism at the lake
what is a scientific law?
a uniform or constant FACT of nature.
What is the end product of translation?
amino acids
Kelp use chlorophyll to capture sunlight for food. What are these organisms classified as?
autotrophs
Which bacteria are rod shaped
bacilli
Which organisms are heterotrophs?
bears
which statement is most strongly supported by the cell theory?
blood cells arise from stem cells in the bone marrow
Which process is part of photosynthesis?
calvin cycle
Which is a reactant in photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide
A child falls down and punctures his skin. What biological process must occur to repair the damaged skin?
cell reproduction
which organelles work together to protect a plant from its external environment?
cell wall and cell membrane
Which of the following is supported by the cell theory?
cells are alive and recognized as the building blocks of life
What metabolic process helps yield a large amount of ATP?
chemiosmosis
What is DNA packaged in?
chromosomes
Right before cell division, a DNA molecule and its associated proteins
coil tightly
In DNA replication, a DNA strand is separated, and a
complementary strand is assembled
What standard is used to make comparisons in experiments?
control group
Which organism could survive without cellular respiration?
cyanobacteria
If a biochemist isolates a large amount of pyruvate, which part of the cell is he working with?
cytoplasm
If an organism has a total of 12 chromosomes, 12 is the _______ number of chromosomes.
diploid
DNA _____ during the synthesis phase of mitosis?
doubles in size
what happens during anabolic metabolism?
energy is released
why is glycolosis a catabolic pathway?
energy is released while glucose splits into pyruvate molecules
Which discovery is Robert Hooke credited with?
finding the first cell
The only haploid cells are the sperm and egg cells, which are known as _____.
gametes
The DNA base cytosine only pairs with
guanine
What raw inorganic material would an autotroph most likely use to create chemical energy for growth?
guanine
Mendel discovered the pattern associated with _____after developing a series of rules in genetics.
heredity
Which organism would be considered a consumer?
heterotroph
Once RNA polymerase reaches a stop codon on the DNA molecule, the enzyme detaches from the DNA and releases the RNA molecule
into the cell for the next stage
Mitosis is different from meiosis because mitosis
is a form of asexual reproduction
Why is hydrogen bonding with water important?
it creates weak interactions among water molecules
A researcher classifies a newly discovered organism in the class taxonomy level. What other taxonomic level is this new organism classified in?
kingdom
Which contains the most chloryphyll? 1. cyanobacteria 2.leaf 3. mushroom 4. prokaryote
leaf
Which process is anabolic?
lipid synthesis
Sister chromatids and centromeres are found in a _______ chromosome?
loosely condensed
Which of the following is most likely absent in prokaryotic cells?
lysosomes
In a study, a researcher describes what happens to a plant following exposure to a dry and hot environment. What step of the scientific method does this most likely describe?
making an observation
What raw inorganic material would an autotroph most likely use to create chemical energy for growth?
minerals in soil
Where does the citric acid cycle occur in the cell?
mitochondria
What organelle plays a role in assembling subunits for protein synthesis?
nucleolus
Which metabolic pathway generates the most ATP?
oxidative phosphorylation
When using the scientific method, what does a researcher do immediately after proposing a scientific question?
performs background search on the topic
what organism makes a cell plate during cytokenesis?
plant
In eukaryotes, what does transcription produce?
pre-mRNA
during which phase of meiosis do chiasmata structures form?
prophase I
Which of the following is produced during the Citric Acid Cycle?
pyruvate
Before a molecule of glucose can be run through the citric acid cycle, it must experience
pyruvate oxidation
transcription manufactures _______.
ribonucleic acid
where does enzyme synthesis occur in a cell?
ribosome
which is an example of a eukaryote?
seaweed
Sister chromatids are formed after chromosomes
separate
Which statement confirms that the cell membrane is selectively permeable?
sodium ions must travel through ion channels to enter the cell
the basic steps of any scientific method
stating a problem, collecting information, forming a hypothesis, experimenting to test the hypothesis, recording and analyzing data, and forming a conclusion
observation
step 1 of scientific method; is stating a problem based on observation. In this stage, the scientist recognizes that something has happened and that it occurs repeatedly. Therefore, the scientist formulates a question or states a problem for investigation. The next step in the scientific method is to explore resources that may have information about that question or problem. Here, the scientist conducts library research and interacts with other scientists to develop knowledge about the question at hand.
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA copied?
synthesis
Which type of RNA acts as an interpreter molecule?
tRNA
reliable science
the concepts and ideas that are widely accepted by experts in a particular field of the natural or social sciences
The sequence of amino acids in genes determines
the primary structure of a protein
Why are metabolic pathways cyclic?
the reactions are continuous as long as reactants are available
What is the basis for classifying an organism as either an autotroph or a heterotroph?
the way an organism obtains its energy
which is a characteristic of prokaryotes?
they are known to be single celled organisms
Adenine is a nucleotide base that pairs with ______
thymine
Which is part of the monomer structure of a nucleic acid?
thymine
what is the function of a centromere?
to connect two chromatids
why does photosynthesis need atp?
to create sugar molecules
What is the purpose of RNA polymerase?
to function as an enzyme
What is the function of a peptide bond?
to link amino acids together
The process that "rewrites" the information in a gene in DNA into a molecule of messenger RNA is called ______.
transcription
What is a control variable?
variable that stays the same and is used for comparisons