HESI biology

Gymnosperm

"Naked seeds", such as pine cones and other conifers. No fruit or flowers

How many rounds of cell division occur during meiosis?

2

how many atp molecules are produced during glycolysis?

2

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

5 carbon sugar molecule, phosphate group, nitrogen base

What would be the probability of a short pea plant (ss) and a tall pea plant (Ss) producing a heterozygous tall pea plant?

50%

What is the difference between a diploid cell and a haploid cell?

A diploid cell has a full number of chromosomes, and a haploid cell does not.

During protein synthesis in a cell, the primary structure of the protein consists of a linear chain of monomers. What is another way to describe this structure?

A linear chain of amino acids that are covalently bonded together

What is the scientific method?

A process used to answer a question or address a problem

Mutualism

A relationship between two species in which both species benefit

What happens in the kind of mutation known as intrachromosomal?

A segment breaks off a chromosome and reattached at a different point

conclusion

After analyzing the data, the scientist draws a conclusion. A valid conclusion must be based on the facts observed in the experiments. If the data from repeated experiments support the hypothesis, the scientist will publish the hypothesis and experimental data for other scientists to review and discuss.

What's an example of an autotroph?

Algae (all plants are autotrophs)

Which option names a final step in protein synthesis?

Amino acids bond

Heterotroph

An organism that cannot make its own food.

Autotroph

An organism that makes its own food

Which is a plant hormone that regulates growth and development?

Auxin

Which animal breeds through internal fertilization but external development?

Birds

Which light color would be most effective for growing green plants?

Blue

What is required for primary active transport to take place?

Chemical energy

Which bacteria are spherical shape

Cocci

_______ is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not affected?

Commensalism

Which organism reproduces by budding?

Coral

Which one would have the least energy efficiency in nutrient consumption?

Coyote ( higher up on the food chain)

Which statement correctly compares cytokinesis in plants and animals?

Cytokinesis in plants involves a new cell wall, but it involves physically deforming the cell in animals

Before mitosis occurs,

DNA must wrap around histones

What sort of plant growth would you expect to see in the biome known as taiga?

Dense evergreen trees

A scientist discovers a cell that has a nucleus and is 15mm in size. What type of cell is this?

Eukaryote

Samantha uses a Punnett Square to estimate what a litter of puppies will look like. She crosses homozygous dominant trait of brown fur with a homozygous recessive trait for curly fur. Which of the following most likely designates the dominant trait in this Punnett Square?

FF

If someone needs ATP desperately and has run out of oxygen, What could help?

Fermentation

When would a cell most likely contain the most amount of nucleotides?

G1

Which is a classification level in the Linnaean system?

Genus

The scientific name for a house at is Felix catus. This indicated the cats __________ and _________.

Genus (Felis); species (catus)

Which is an end product of digestion of carbs?

Glucose

Which gives the correct order of cellular respiration?

Glycolysis, Acetyl coA, Citric acid cycle, Electron transport chain

Which structure is found in protists but not in monerans?

Golgi apparatus ( monerans don't have organelles)

A naturalist observes a plant with needle-like leaves and naked seeds. Which kind of plant is it?

Gymnosperm

Whose efficiency of energy is greater?

Herbivore

What's an example of a homologous structure?

Human arm and whale flipper

What are saturated fats saturated with?

Hydrogen atoms

What is the term for the breakdown of glycogen into glucose subunits?

Hydrolysis

what phase is the cell cycle part of?

Interphase

How is transpiration water loss different from simple evaporation?

It involves plant activity

Which sequence describes the hierarchy level of biological organization?

Kingdom, Phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Which statement best represents Mendel's experiments with garden peas?

Mendel collaborated with others interested in genetics to develop heredity guidlines we still use today

What process do cells in the tip of a plant's root undergo to increase in number?

Mitosis

what molecule plays a direct role in chemiosmosis?

NADH

Hypothesis, experimentation, and analysis

Next, a hypothesis is formed, meaning that the scientist proposes a possible solution to the question, realizing that the answer could be incorrect. The scientist tests the hypothesis through experiments that include experimental and control groups. Data from the experiments is collected, recorded, and analyzed.

Dogs are a part of a larger animal group, the Carnivora. What classification is this?

Order

In addition to lacking a nucleus, what else does a prokaryotic cell lack?

Organelles

What kind of symbiosis exists between a pneumonia bacterium and a human?

Parasitism

What must occur as a transition reaction before the citric acid cycle begins?

Pyruvate converts into acetyl coA

Which part of a flowering plant protects the flower?

Sepal

Which specific genetic characteristic is unique to an individual human being?

Sequence of nucleotides

Which organism would have the least specialized organization?

Sponge

What is replication?

Synthesizing a new strand of DNA

In which phase of mitosis do new nuclear membranes form around sets of chromosomes?

Telophase

Students grew fungi in a variety of media and measured the resulting fungi after 4 weeks, eight weeks, and twelve weeks. What was the independent variable in this experiment?

The media ( independent variable can be manipulated)

What is the purpose of phloem in plant tissue?

To transport sugar and nutrients

Where does percolation take place in the water cycle?

Underground

Angiosperm

a flowering plant that produces seeds within a fruit

which example is part of the scientific method?

a researcher analyzes how many plants respond well to a new fertilizer

which would benefit from the use of a taxonomic system?

a researcher discovers a new organism at the lake

what is a scientific law?

a uniform or constant FACT of nature.

What is the end product of translation?

amino acids

Kelp use chlorophyll to capture sunlight for food. What are these organisms classified as?

autotrophs

Which bacteria are rod shaped

bacilli

Which organisms are heterotrophs?

bears

which statement is most strongly supported by the cell theory?

blood cells arise from stem cells in the bone marrow

Which process is part of photosynthesis?

calvin cycle

Which is a reactant in photosynthesis?

carbon dioxide

A child falls down and punctures his skin. What biological process must occur to repair the damaged skin?

cell reproduction

which organelles work together to protect a plant from its external environment?

cell wall and cell membrane

Which of the following is supported by the cell theory?

cells are alive and recognized as the building blocks of life

What metabolic process helps yield a large amount of ATP?

chemiosmosis

What is DNA packaged in?

chromosomes

Right before cell division, a DNA molecule and its associated proteins

coil tightly

In DNA replication, a DNA strand is separated, and a

complementary strand is assembled

What standard is used to make comparisons in experiments?

control group

Which organism could survive without cellular respiration?

cyanobacteria

If a biochemist isolates a large amount of pyruvate, which part of the cell is he working with?

cytoplasm

If an organism has a total of 12 chromosomes, 12 is the _______ number of chromosomes.

diploid

DNA _____ during the synthesis phase of mitosis?

doubles in size

what happens during anabolic metabolism?

energy is released

why is glycolosis a catabolic pathway?

energy is released while glucose splits into pyruvate molecules

Which discovery is Robert Hooke credited with?

finding the first cell

The only haploid cells are the sperm and egg cells, which are known as _____.

gametes

The DNA base cytosine only pairs with

guanine

What raw inorganic material would an autotroph most likely use to create chemical energy for growth?

guanine

Mendel discovered the pattern associated with _____after developing a series of rules in genetics.

heredity

Which organism would be considered a consumer?

heterotroph

Once RNA polymerase reaches a stop codon on the DNA molecule, the enzyme detaches from the DNA and releases the RNA molecule

into the cell for the next stage

Mitosis is different from meiosis because mitosis

is a form of asexual reproduction

Why is hydrogen bonding with water important?

it creates weak interactions among water molecules

A researcher classifies a newly discovered organism in the class taxonomy level. What other taxonomic level is this new organism classified in?

kingdom

Which contains the most chloryphyll? 1. cyanobacteria 2.leaf 3. mushroom 4. prokaryote

leaf

Which process is anabolic?

lipid synthesis

Sister chromatids and centromeres are found in a _______ chromosome?

loosely condensed

Which of the following is most likely absent in prokaryotic cells?

lysosomes

In a study, a researcher describes what happens to a plant following exposure to a dry and hot environment. What step of the scientific method does this most likely describe?

making an observation

What raw inorganic material would an autotroph most likely use to create chemical energy for growth?

minerals in soil

Where does the citric acid cycle occur in the cell?

mitochondria

What organelle plays a role in assembling subunits for protein synthesis?

nucleolus

Which metabolic pathway generates the most ATP?

oxidative phosphorylation

When using the scientific method, what does a researcher do immediately after proposing a scientific question?

performs background search on the topic

what organism makes a cell plate during cytokenesis?

plant

In eukaryotes, what does transcription produce?

pre-mRNA

during which phase of meiosis do chiasmata structures form?

prophase I

Which of the following is produced during the Citric Acid Cycle?

pyruvate

Before a molecule of glucose can be run through the citric acid cycle, it must experience

pyruvate oxidation

transcription manufactures _______.

ribonucleic acid

where does enzyme synthesis occur in a cell?

ribosome

which is an example of a eukaryote?

seaweed

Sister chromatids are formed after chromosomes

separate

Which statement confirms that the cell membrane is selectively permeable?

sodium ions must travel through ion channels to enter the cell

the basic steps of any scientific method

stating a problem, collecting information, forming a hypothesis, experimenting to test the hypothesis, recording and analyzing data, and forming a conclusion

observation

step 1 of scientific method; is stating a problem based on observation. In this stage, the scientist recognizes that something has happened and that it occurs repeatedly. Therefore, the scientist formulates a question or states a problem for investigation. The next step in the scientific method is to explore resources that may have information about that question or problem. Here, the scientist conducts library research and interacts with other scientists to develop knowledge about the question at hand.

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA copied?

synthesis

Which type of RNA acts as an interpreter molecule?

tRNA

reliable science

the concepts and ideas that are widely accepted by experts in a particular field of the natural or social sciences

The sequence of amino acids in genes determines

the primary structure of a protein

Why are metabolic pathways cyclic?

the reactions are continuous as long as reactants are available

What is the basis for classifying an organism as either an autotroph or a heterotroph?

the way an organism obtains its energy

which is a characteristic of prokaryotes?

they are known to be single celled organisms

Adenine is a nucleotide base that pairs with ______

thymine

Which is part of the monomer structure of a nucleic acid?

thymine

what is the function of a centromere?

to connect two chromatids

why does photosynthesis need atp?

to create sugar molecules

What is the purpose of RNA polymerase?

to function as an enzyme

What is the function of a peptide bond?

to link amino acids together

The process that "rewrites" the information in a gene in DNA into a molecule of messenger RNA is called ______.

transcription

What is a control variable?

variable that stays the same and is used for comparisons