Hesi Prep A&P
sinatrial (SA) node
- in right atrium - start each heartbeat, sets pace for the heart - often called the peacemaker - impulse that spreads through atria to AV node
3 feet=
1 yard
Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
1.8 X C + 32 = F
What volume of blood would be found in the average adult male ?
5-6 liters
Normal pH of blood
7.35-7.45
common denominator
A denominator that is the same in two or more fractions.
Epiglottis
A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.
Phagocyte
A white blood cell that destroys pathogens (invaders)
tidal volume
Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a normal breath
Lysosome
An organelle containing digestive enzymes
Cerebrum
Area of the brain responsible for all voluntary activities of the body
Acid balance
Balanced within the acid range of 4.5-5.5
Osteoclast (old)
Bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue
Digestive system
Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells.
What combination of foods would cause a person to gain an orange discoloration in their skin?
Carrots and squash
Enzymes
Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things
Meiosis
Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
Phagocytosis
Cell eating
What system circulated oxygen throughout the body ?
Circulatory system
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment
Iris
Colored part of the eye
Brain stem
Connects the brain and spinal cord
What is the name of the blood vessels that delivers oxygenated blood to the heart muscle ?
Coronary artery
pulmonary veins
Deliver oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium
What substance in the tooth is constantly regenerated?
Dentin
What system is the mouth apart of ?
Digestive e
What system helps the integumentary system produce vitamin D ?
Digestive system/ small intestine
Transverse plan
Divides body into top and bottom
Which area of the body would intramembranous ossification occur ?
Fusion with the plates of the skull
compact bone
Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone
What are the 4 stages to repairing a broken bone ?
Hematoma/ Callus Formation/ Ossification/ Bone Remodeling
Superior
Higher on the body, nearer to the head
What is the primary stimulus that causes breathing ?
Hypercapnia/ too much c02
Where is vitamin k produced in the body?
Ileum/ small intestine
Peristalsis
Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system.
hinge joint
Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee)
Example of an Hinge Joint
Knee and elbow
Absorption
Large and small intestines
Mesentery (2 parts)
Large covering of the abdominal cavity
Mesentery; Omentum
Large storage area for fat cells, it hangs down over the intestines like an apron
Aorta
Largest artery in the body
If the acid of the stomach is strong enough to chemically breakdown proteins and meats, why doesn't the stomach digest itself?
Lining of the stomach protects the stomach
Mesentery; mesocolon
Located under the omentum, contains blood vessels & lymph vessels that's connected to the intestine
Enzymes
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions
Blood from hearts to lungs
Pulmonary artery
What is the name of the pulse point palpitated at the thumb side of the wrist ?
Radial
elimination
Rectum and anus
Where are red blood cells created within an infant ?
Red bone marrow
Pancreas
Regulates the level of sugar in the blood
submandibular gland
Smaller salivary gland located under the jaw
Digestion
Stomach and small intestines
extension
Straightening of a joint
Which salivary gland produces the greatest amount of mucin ?
Sublingual gland
Pubis bone
The lower front bones of the pelvic girdle
radial artery
The major artery in the forearm; runs along the humerus
synovial fluid
The small amount of liquid within a joint used as lubrication.
least common denominator
The smallest multiple they must 2 numbers share
What is the name of the measured amount of air pushed out by a normal breath ?
Tidal volume
Esophagus
Tube connecting the mouth to the stomach
4 blood types
Type A, Type B, Type AB, Type O
The distal ends of which bone articulate with the carpals?
Ulna & Radius
What is the names of the bones located on the distal end of the humerus ?
Ulna & Radius
Pathogens WBC (invaders/fatal)
Virus/ Bacteria/Fungus
What facial bone would be injured if a person suffered from a deviated septum ?
Vomer
Improper fraction
a fraction whose numerator is larger than the denominator
proper fraction
a fraction with a numerator smaller than the denominator
Factor
a number that divides evenly into another number
Bursa sac
a sac that contains synovial (clear) fluid in ball-and-socket and hinge joints
Zygomaticus
allows you to smile
Talus
ankle bone
largest artery
aorta
pulmonary artery
artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs
Distal
away from the point of attachment
Posterior
back of body
popliteal artery
behind the knee
Flexion
bending a joint
Osteocyte
bone cell
Osteoblasts (new)
bone cells that helps form bony tissue
Hypothalamus
brain region controlling the pituitary gland
Sternum
breastbone
Respiration
breathing
inspiration
breathing in (inhalation)
Exhalation
breathing out
nasal bone
bridge of nose
carotid artery
carries blood to the head and upper portion of neck
oropharynx
central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis
Zygomatic bone
cheek bone
What facial features would be affected if the zygomatic arch were broken ?
cheeks
Massester
chewing
Clavicle
collar bone; superior to the rib cage connecting the breast bone to the shoulder blade
Medulla onlongata
controls breathing, heartbeat, and other actions of the blood vessels
function of digestive system
digestion, absorption, elimination
sagittal plane
divides body into left and right
external respiration
exchange of gases between lungs and blood
internal respiration
exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body
Gonad
female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones; ovary or testis
Longest bone in the body
femur
What is the longest bone in the body ?
femur
Sternocleidomastoid
flexes neck; rotates head
systemic circulation
flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues
pulmonary circulation
flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
vomer bone
forms the base for the nasal septum
Anterior
front of the body
temporal lobe
hearing
Acid-Base Balance in Blood
helps maintain blood pH between 7.35-7.45 by regulating levels of acids and bases
ball and joint socket
hip and shoulder
transverse plane
horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions
pelvic girdle
ilium, ischium, pubis
Hemoglobin
iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells
Articulation
joint
4 major organs
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
stomach
large muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food
vena cava
largest vein in the body
Radius
lateral bone of the forearm
What is the largest chamber of the heart ?
left ventricle
callus formation
mass of tissue that forms at a fracture site and connects the broken ends of the bone
Ulna
medial bone of the forearm
Where does the process of digestion begins ?
mouth
Ingestion
mouth and tongue
Abduction
movement away from the midline
Adduction
movement toward the midline
5 types of white blood cells
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes
Bilirubin
orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed
Describe the process of ossification?
process of bone hardening
salivary glands
produce saliva
red marrow
produces red blood cells
Blood from lungs to heart
pulmonary veins
left ventricle
pumps oxygenated blood to the body
Occipito-frontalis
raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
Posterior/Dorsal
refers to the back side of the body
Inferior
refers to the bottom of the body; or a point that is below another structure
Anterior (ventral)
refers to the front side of the body
Medial
refers to the middle of the body
Lateral
refers to the side of the body
Superior
refers to the top of the body; or a point that is above another structure
laryngopharynx
region of the pharynx below the epiglottis that includes the larynx
sublingual gland
salivary gland under the tongue
parotid gland
salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear
parietal lobe
sense of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain
example of ball and socket joint
shoulder and hip
Scapula
shoulder blade
Pacemaker of the heart
sinoatrial node (SA node)
Pons
sleep and arousal
Monocyte WBC
slow-acting phagocyte
cancellous bone
spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of long bones; contains red bone marrow
Function of thrombocytes (platelets)
stop bleeding, vessel repair ; clots blood
yellow marrow
stores fat
catalyst
substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
nasopharynx
the area directly posterior to the nose
Zygote
the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo
coronary arteries
the two arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle
Pharynx (3 parts)
throat
Type O blood
universal donor
Humerus
upper arm bone
bicuspid valve (mitral valve)
valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
Largest vein
vena cava
Which chambers of the heart have the thickest walls ?
ventricles
occipital lobe
visual processing
Striated (skeletal) muscle
voluntary muscle attached to the skeleton
The major component of plasma ?
water
Lymphocytes (fights pathogen)
white blood cells
Sclera
white of the eye
Ventricles
Lower chambers of the heart
Inferior
Lower on the body, farther from the head
What part of the cell helps white blood cells with phagocytosis?
Lysosomes
What bone is on the superior side of the sternum ?
Manubrium
What layer of the abdomen directly covers the small intestine and large intestines?
Mesocolon
antigens WBC (irritating)
Mold/Pollen/Dust
Temporalis
Opens and closes the jaw
What cells are responsible for the formation of bone cells ?
Osteoblasts
Coronal plane
Plan that divides the body in anterior and posterior portions
What is the name of the pulse point palpitated behind the knee ?
Popliteal