HH

Monozygoitc (identical) twins always have the same blood type, so concordance value for this trait is

100%

By the end of the ____________ trimester of pregnancy, all major organ systems have formed.

1st

Out of every 4 people who have dominant allele for a particular gene, only 1 actually shows the dominant phenotype. Therefore, this allele has a penetrance of

25%

Mitochondrial DNA contains about how many genes?

37

An average woman releases about ________ oocytes during the reproductive years of her life.

450

A gene is located on the p arm of chromosome 8, in the 3rd region and 5th band within that region. What is its chromosomal "address"?

8p3.5

How many chromosomes are in a human tetraploid cell?

92 chromosome

a condition called ___________ results in an XY individual that produces testosterone, but doesn't have any testosterone receptors on their cells, and thus is pheotypically female.

Androgen insensitivity

One difference between AMNIOCENTESIS and chronic villus sampling (CVS) is that:

CVS can be done earlier in the pregnancy than amniocentesis

Are traits with many different phenotypes likely to be classified as continuous or discontinuous?

Continuous

___________ syndrome is caused by a deletion in the short arm of chromosome 5, resulting in intellectual disability, and an abnormal larynx causing cat-like cry.

Cri Du Chat

_________ twins originate from two separate fertilization events

Dizygotic

The only autosomal aneuploidy that allows survival into adulthood, but rarely past age 60, is:

Down syndrome (trisomy 21)

Because males have only one X chromosome, they are said to be _______________ for all the genes on the X

Hemizygous

Amniocenesis is the process of collecting cell from fluid surrounding a fetus in order to prepare a:

Karyotype

Phenotypic sex of a fetus with the sex chromosomes XYY is almost always:

Male

The theory that a uterus of an older mother is less efficient at rejecting abnormal embryos is known as:

Maternal selection

Female mammals are actually _________, comprised of two different cell types: some with their mother's X chromosome active, and some with their father's X chromosome active.

Mosaics

Female duct

Mullerian duct

_________ (NDJ). which usually occurs during anaphase of meiosis I or II, results in an embryo that is either trisomic or monosomic.

Nondisjunction

__________ is an online database with detailed information on over 10,000 inherited traits.

OMIM

Caster Semenya, the Olympic runner is from what country?

South Africa

The risk for Down syndrome increases when:

The mother is over thirty-five years old

In examining a karyotype, chromosome 2 and 7 are found to have exchanged segments. This individual has a structural change in his chromosomes known as a:

Translocation

What disorder is NOT usually associated with intellectual disability?

Turner Syndrome

Male duct

Wolffian duct

A chromosome whose centromere is very close to one end is called an

acrocentric chromosome

on a threshold model graph, are individuals in the shaded area of the curve affected or unaffected by the trait in question?

affected

a fetus's exposure to _______ is the leading preventable cause of birth defects worldwide.

alcohol

Polyploidy (such as triploidy or tetraploidy) is characterized by:

an increase in the number of chromosome sets

Y-linked traits are:

carried only by males and transmitted only to males

Camptodactyly A. causes bent, immobile little fingers B. is inherited as a dominant trait C. shows less than complete penetrance D. shows varying expressivity E. all of these

causes bent, immobile little fingers

_________ sex is determined at the moment of fertilization

chromosomal

Hemophilia

defects in blood clotting

Mendel's P1 pea plants with either short or tall phenotypes, displayed:

discontinuous variation

Most triploid zygotes are probably caused by:

dispermy

If concordance value for a trait in monozygotic twins is less than 100%, what accounts for the difference?

environmental factor

Female gametes complete meiosis II at:

fertilization

Human sex ratio at __________ is about 1:1

fertilization

If a trait has the heritability of value of 0.75, this indicates that 75% of the phenotypic variation in the trait is caused by:

genetic factors

A Barr body is a(n):

inactive X chromosome

A blastocyst:

is the stage of an embryo that implants in the endometrium

Deletion of an entire autosome:

lethal

Chromosomes are usually arranged in a karyotype and photographed during what stage of mitosis?

metaphase

Chromosomes whose centromeres are centrally located are classified as:

metracentric

The long arm of a chromosome is called the ________ arm.

q

Live-born infants with abnormal chromosome numbers who have the most normal phenotype and best chance at survival past the first year of life are more apt to have the ______________ involved than any other.

sex chromosomes

Any environmental agent that causes developmental disabilities in an embryo or fetus is a:

teratogen

In a structural change called a(n) ___________, two non-homologous chromosomes exchange parts and no genetic information is gained or lost

translocation (reciprocal)

A condition in which both copies of a chromosome are inherited from on parent is called:

uniparental disomy

The duct for the transport of sperm between a testis and the urethra is the:

vas deferans