HI 207 Exam #1 (Paulette)

Solomon

(Old Testament) son of David and king of Israel noted for his wisdom (10th century BC)

Sargon

2340 B.C. leader of the Akkadians who overran the Sumerian city-state and set up the first empire

Nebuchadnezzar

A Babylonian king who conquered Jerusalem,and built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Ur

A city state in Sumer, Modern Iraq, Important for trade bc of location near Tigris/Euphrates

Nubia

A civilization to the south of Egypt in the Nile Valley, noted for development of an alphabetic writing system and a major iron working industry by 500 BCE

Natufians

A culture of successful foragers whose remains are found in much of the Fertile Crescent. Around 14,000 years ago, the Natufians lived in villages and harvested wild grains and hunted gazelle. Although they didn't farm, their culture suggests some of the transitional stages between foraging and early forms of agriculture.

Amorites

A group of people who Invaded the Mesopotamians and founded the Babylonian Empire, led by hammurabi

Troy

A kingdom that was destroyed by the Greeks in the Trojan War. It is located on the western coast of Asia Minor

Philistines

A powerful nation that invaded Canaan from the sea and became the most hated enemies of Israel, known for barbarism

Ziggurat

A rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians

Cuneiform

A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables. It originated in Mesopotamia and was used initially for Sumerian and Akkadian but later was adapted to represent other languages of western Asia.

Hittities

An Indo-European people who entered Mesopotamia in about 1,750 B.C.E.; destroyed the Babylonian Empire; swept away in about 1,200 B.C.E.

Sennacherib

Assyrian king who burned Babylon and ordered its residents killed, assasinated by his sons, Sargons son

Tell el-Amarna

Capital City created by Akhenaton (Amenhotep IV) to worship the god he created, named Aten

Cyrus

Created the Persian Empire by defeating the Medes, Lydians, and Babylonians; was known for his allowance of existing governments to continue governing under his name

Enheduanna

Daughter of Sargon and was appointed the high priestess of Ur

Israelites

Descendants of Abraham who left Mesopotamia and settled in Canaan, ruled under David and Solomon

Akhenaton

Egyptian pharaoh of the New Kingdom; attempted to establish a one-god religion, replacing the traditional Egyptian pantheon of gods.

Kassites

From the region that is now Iran. Attacked the Old Babylonian Empire around 1600 B.C.E. and established themselves as rulers for 300 years.

Enkidu

Gilgamesh's friend; a wild man whom the gods created out of clay to rid him of his Arrogance

Thera

Island north of Crete destroyed by volcanic eruption around 1628 BC

Phoenicians

Semantic people involved in maritime trade, first alphabet, strong economic system based on commerce

Jericho

Site of an important early agricultural settlement of perhaps 2,000 people in present-day Israel.neolithic village surounded by a wall

Thutmose III

Stepson of Hatshepsut; considered a great pharaoh of the New Kingdom of Egypt

Hysksos

The invaders that overpowered the pharaohs of the Middle Dynasty, means foreign rulers, possibly hebrew

Linear B

The script used by the Mycenaeans; an early from of Greek

Weni

Under Pepi I- Commander in Chief of the army Under Pepi I & Merenre I. First person other than pharaoh depicted leading army into battle, All this info was found in his Biography of Weni.

Ebla

a site of an important ancient city-state, where a library of tablets was discovered in excavations beginning in the 1960s.

Uruk

an ancient Sumerian city in Southern Iraq, near the Euphrates, important before 2000 b.c. : exclusive archaeological excavations, notably of a ziggurat and of tablets with very early Sumerian script.

Narmer Palette

an artifact which supports the theory that Narmer unified Egypt because it shows him wearing both the white and red crown

King Scorpion

another egyptian king that may have brought the two egyptian kingdoms together, mace head

Nineveh

capital of the assyrian empire

Eridu

considered the oldest known city in the world. it is located in southern mesopotamia and surrounded by sumerians, first city with kings

Sea Peoples

group of people responsible for invading and destroying Egyptian and Hittite kingdoms in 13th century BC

Djoser

had the first step pyramid built at his tomb in Saqqara

Abydos

is the common English name of one of the most ancient cities of Upper Egypt, and also of the eight Upper Nome of which it was the capital city, considered one of the most important archaeological sites of Ancient Egypt, the sacred city of Abydos was the site of many ancient temples where early pharaohs were entombed. These tombs began to be seen as extremely significant burials and in later times it became desirable to be buried in the area, leading to the growth of the town's importance as a cult site, this is a burial town and a pilgrimage town.

Uruk Vase

made from alabaster, found in the temple of Inanna in Uruk, one of the earliest surviving narrative sculptures

Catal Huyuk

one of the largest neolithic villages ever discovered, mud-brick houses with no windows,

Utnapishtim

survivor of a flood sent by the gods to destroy humanity; the gods granted him eternal life