Hip, Pelvis, Thigh and Knee Conditions
knee bursa
-About 24 in the knee - -Labeled in relation to the patella - •Supra (above) • •Deep (behind the patella) • •Pre (on top of the patella) • •Infra (below the patella)
Calcaneal exostosis: pump bump
-Chronic irritation at the Achilles tendon insertion -Common for hockey and figure skaters -Sometimes bothers them, sometimes it doesn't
MOI for knee sprain
-Direct impact to the front, sides, or back of the knee - -Twisting or torsion - -Hyperextension or hyper flexion
nRupture of Achilles tendon
-MOI •Forceful contraction -Sever pain -Inability to plantar flex
Jones Fx
-MOI •Inversion with DI on the base of the 5th metatarsal
Plantar fasciitis
-Pain at heal -Pain in arch of foot n n MOI -overuse injury -improper mechanics -anatomy of the foot -improper conditioning -poorly fitting shoes n
Morton's neuroma
-Thickening or pinching of the nerve that sits between the 3rd and 4th metatarsal - -Burning pain at the toes -Stabbing sensation at toes - -MOI •tight shoes, repetitive impact, over weight
Stress Fractures
-Tibia and metatarsal most common - -Hard to detect on x-ray - -Persistent pain - -MOI •Overuse
nAchilles tendinosis
-Tight gastrocnemius and soleus -Over use injury -Pain at Achilles tendon
nAnkle Dislocation
-Usually occurs at the mortise jt. -Not very common -Extreme force -Usually FX with injury -Obvious deformity -Obvious pain
Knee Bursitis
inflammation of the bursae
Osgood-Schlatter
inflammation of where the patellar ligament attaches at the tibial tuberosity
Patella Subluxation/Dislocation
lateral displacement of the patella
muscle strains of the thigh
nCauses -Forceful contraction of the muscle -Weak or inflexible muscles - nCommon Locations -Quadriceps -Hamstrings -Inner thigh (adductors)
Myositis Ossificans
nMOI -Severe blow or repeated blows to the same spot -Causes bone like formation -S/S •Pain at site •Swelling •Decrease ROM •
Femur Fracture
nMOI n -Direct Impact - -Twisting or Torsion
Thigh contusion
nWhat is it? -Bruise to the soft tissues or bone of the thigh - nMOI Direct Impact
Anterior knee pain
possible injury
knee sprain grade 1
signs, minimal swelling if any at all. symptoms, mild pain bending or straightening knee, point tender
Hip Bursitis
•Common in dancers, gymnasts and hurdlers • MOI •IT band tightness causing friction at the hip bursa • Direct blow crushing hip bursa
Lisfranc Fx
•Dislocation with Fx •MOI: DI, or torsion of the metatarsal with axial loading
Syndesmotic sprains: High ankle sprain
•Involves the tibiofibular ligament •And or the interosseous membrane •MOI: hyper dorsiflexion
Medial ankle sprains: Deltoid ligament
•MOI forced eversion
Metatarsals Fx
•MOI: DI and or axial loading
-Turf toe
•MTP Jt. •Pain with jumping, running, pushing off •MOI: hyper extension or flexion • -
Lateral ankle sprains:
•Very common •ATF sprain MOI Inversion
Sever's Disease
-Calcaneal apophysitis -Secondary to Achilles tendinosis -Pain at heal
meniscus tear
A tear in the meniscus which is the cartilage that acts as a cushion for the joint
Hip pointer
Contusions caused by direct compression to an unprotected iliac crest that crushes soft tissue and, sometimes, the bone itself.
Fractures of the knee
Epiphyseal fractures Tibial plateau fracture Patella fracture
-Forceful stretch of the connective tissue that attaches from hip to the outside of the knee - -Weak or inflexible thigh and or hip muscles - -Running the same direction on the track - -Can be related to hip dysfunction
IT band strain
S/S of 2-3-degree Ankle Sprains
Pain at ligament site Swelling Discoloration Unable to wt. bear Decreased ROM
Compartment syndrome
Pressure within the muscle compartments Pain front of shin Leg and foot goes numb Foot turns blue or pale nFoot drop - -MOI Acute •DI •FX •Chronic (exercise induced) •Muscle hypertrophy
knee sprain grade 2 or 3
Signs •Swelling • •Limping. Symptoms •Moderate to severe pain straightening or bending knee • •Feeling of looseness or instability • •Heard or felt a pop • •Moderate to severe point tenderness
knee sprain
Stretch or tear of the ligaments that hold the knee bones in place
Fractures lower leg
Tibia nFibula -Non wt. bearing fx can be missed Tib/Fib -Traumatic fx MOI: DI Torsion: foot stays planted with axial loading
Piriformis Syndrome
compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle
-S&S: extreme pain, leg flexed, adducted and internally rotated -Obvious deformity -MOI: traumatic force on femur when knee bent
dislocated hip
Fractures of the knee S/S
Pain Deformity Unable to wt. bear Heard or felt a pop Crepitus Loss of sensation "feels numb
Fx of lower leg S/S
Pain Deformity Unable to wt. bear Heard or felt a pop Crepitus Loss of sensation "feels numb
S/S for FX of the foot
Pain Deformity Unable to wt. bear Heard or felt a pop Crepitus loss of sensation "feels numb"
Heel bruise or contusion
Pain at heal MOI -landing hard onto heel - repetitive jumping -repetitive heel strike
Patella Tendinitis (Jumper's Knee)
Inflammation of the patella tendon