HIS ch 11

Approximately what percentage of the southern free black population lived in the Upper South? 80 percent 50 percent 2 percent 15 percent

80 percent

Why was slavery less useful in the Upper South? Tobacco had depleted the soil to the point where even slave labor could not work it. Abolitionists were always applying pressure against slaveholders there. There were not many farms in the Upper South. Crops such as wheat and corn required less labor to cultivate.

Crops such as wheat and corn required less labor to cultivate.

The first major slave uprising, in Richmond, Virginia, involved about 50 armed slaves and is known as Nat Turner's Rebellion. Gabriel Prosser's Rebellion. the Underground Railroad. Denmark Vesey's Conspiracy.

Gabriel Prosser's Rebellion.

What influence was driving religious southerners' rising support of slavery in the nineteenth century? The desire to convert slaves was a powerful force in their position. Closer reading of the Bible by more southerners backed a proslavery position. Increasingly they supported slavery as a positive good backed by God. Relations with abolitionists in the North were helpful in clarifying their position.

Increasingly they supported slavery as a positive good backed by God.

The demographics of southern cities changed toward the middle of the nineteenth century. What was the impact on the mix of people in these urban areas? Southern-born workers increasingly dominated the urban workforce. Irish Catholics began to take over the political machinery of southern cities. Escaped slaves took up many of the urban jobs in the South. Northerners and immigrants dominated the working class.

Northerners and immigrants dominated the working class.

There were some legendary slave revolts. Why were these NOT more common? Informants were invariably bribed to allow masters to keep better control on revolts. There was an absence of appropriate weaponry. Revolts such as Denmark Vesey's Conspiracy were put down violently. Running away was a more effective means of revolt.

Revolts such as Denmark Vesey's Conspiracy were put down violently.

What was the most important factor in the Upper South's economic success in the first half of the nineteenth century? greater reliance on slave labor plantation slavery increased cotton production economic diversification

economic diversification

The border states were better off than the Lower South as a result of economic diversification. more effective black codes. a stronger system of slavery. racial harmony.

economic diversification.

Except for a radical minority of antislavery ________ in the Upper South, southern churches had always supported slavery. evangelicals Presbyterians Catholics Anglicans

evangelicals

Agricultural reform emerged in the 1830s in response to what problem? credit difficulties falling land values slave revolts northern industrialism

falling land values

Which group was most helpful in aiding runaway slaves on the Underground Railroad? white abolitionists fellow slaves and free black people Quakers nonslaveholding southern whites

fellow slaves and free black people

Which of the following best describes the shift away from slave labor in the Upper South? did not pick up steam until the late 1850s sudden, as slaves disappeared from plantations in less than a decade gradual, as planters retained plenty of political clout due largely to the activity of northern abolitionists

gradual, as planters retained plenty of political clout

Given the technological and labor needs of growing short-staple cotton, which type of farm was this crop typically grown on? smaller farm large plantation yeoman farm wage labor farm

large plantation

What did abolitionists and slaveowners have in common, in terms of social status? tended to support the Whig Party looked down on poor whites employed slaves in their homes lack of awareness of issues of class

looked down on poor whites

Slaves were provided with two sets of coarse clothing and lived in a series of identical square cabins. What did masters hope to achieve with this regularity of social construction? creative responses to slave revolt obedience and oppression of individuality cleanliness of the work site diligence and curiosity

obedience and oppression of individuality

From 1830 onward, southerners tended to think of slavery as a dying institution. temporary system. positive good. necessary evil.

positive good.

The cotton-oriented plantation spread westward following the War of 1812. the Revolutionary War. the advent of long-staple cotton. Nat Turner's Rebellion.

the War of 1812.

The women with whom planter's wives had the closest daily contact were often the wives of local clergy. women who lived in the towns. their female field slaves. their female domestic slaves.

their female domestic slaves.

Compared with the North, the Lower South was wealthier, in terms of per capita income. more urbanized. more diverse economically. more industrialized.

wealthier, in terms of per capita income.

Yeoman farmers are recognized as a distinct class because they were powerful middle-class figures in southern towns. were small landowners who owned few, if any, slaves. aspired to own large plantations one day. were invariably immigrants from the North.

were small landowners who owned few, if any, slaves.

Why were slave codes enacted in the various southern states? The codes defined expectations for masters and slaves, solidifying white power. Smaller farms were not adhering to proper slaving practices, as seen by planters. The codes provided a list of protections for slaves in larger plantations. The courts demanded a clarification of the role of slavery.

The codes defined expectations for masters and slaves, solidifying white power.

How did global economics influence changes in slavery in the Lower South? The price of exports went through the roof. The global cotton market increased southern demand for slaves. Indian cotton was unavailable to British buyers. The sugar industry fell apart in the Caribbean, sending slaves to the South.

The global cotton market increased southern demand for slaves.

What meaning did the folk tale of Br'er Rabbit contain for enslaved people? The soldiers in the story were never victorious. The story encouraged listeners to accept their fate as inevitable, and make good on the life that they had. Christianity is a major theme in the story, encouraging conversion. While the animals in the story were weaker, they outfoxed their opponents, the masters.

While the animals in the story were weaker, they outfoxed their opponents, the masters.