HIST 1301 CHAPTER 1 PART 3

What were the chief features of the French and Dutch empires in North America?

- Trade based, less brutal than the Spanish - Neither of them considered the new colony as really serious. They both thought too much effort into building the New World will weaken their domination in Europe - French determined to establish a Catholic outpost in the New World while the Dutch colony tolerated a much more diverse group of religion (anything within Christianity)

Economic and political systems of Spain in the age of expansion

- colonies grew quickly -Explorers came over to find gold -had an upper class that had a say in political views and laws and a lower class that were forced to be laborers.

How did Indian and European ideas of freedom differ on the eve of contact?

-European saw Indians as too free, lacking order and discipline that Europeans considered important to civilization. Indians judged one another according to their ability to live up to widely understood ideas of appropriate behavior. -Indians didn't have a system of laws like the Europeans, and there was no system of government/ rulers, Europeans believed that indians were savages and had no structure, Europeans had religious morals and were no free to choose the church.

What were the chief features of the Spanish empire in America?

-Spanish had a large empire, more resources and more power, they established a legal document that people had to agree to when coming into the empire. - Force conversion to Catholicism - Forced labor --> "the Black Legend"

Economic and political systems of France in the age of expansion

-Started colonizing because they wanted an empire -Government was under direct control of the King -They discovered both Detroit and Lousiana -more dependent on the Indians as trading partners and military allies, allowed the Native Americans greater freedoms than the English

Economic and political systems of England in the age of expansion

-Started colonizing to keep up in the race with France and Spain -Prospered in economics, big plantation, trade were a big part of their life -Even though English colonies were ruled by England, they set up small government in each colony,

What ideas of freedom are apparent in the documents?

-When Indians got sick they were sent home as useless. Some of them did not make it and died on their way home.

What impelled European explorers to look west across the Atlantic?

-looking for a passage to Asia, silk road, maritime system, looking for exchange of goods and people. -In search for silk, tea, spices and porcelain and gold -Religious competition

Economic and political systems of the Netherlands in the age of expansion

-more dependent on the Indians as trading partners and military allies, allowed the Native Americans greater freedoms than the English

Economic and political systems of Portugal in the age of expansion

-was focused on economics, trading posts, factories, established plantations which replaced the native populations with thousands of slaves shipped from Africa

European values and ways of life different form that of Native Americans.

1-Europeans were Christian, paternal society. 2-Land was seen as a commodity, women who worked were considered to be abused

Native American values and way of life that is different from Europeans.

1-Native Americans had a more animistic religion. They believed in spirits, supernatural healing powers, and had religious leaders. 2-Native Americans saw land as a common resource rather than a commodity. 3-Native Americans were not interested in the accumulation of wealth and goods. Generosity was most of the valued quality socially. Society was more maternal. 4-Native American women could own houses, tools, and were responsible for agricultural work.

Describe why the discovery of America was one of the most important events recorded in the history of mankind?

1-New crops were discovered by the Europeans, such as sweet potato and corn, that reshaped European diets and solved hunger issues. 2-Native Americans suffered serious and devastating diseases because of their weak immunity to European viruses. 3-10 million people immigrated to the New World. 4-African slave trade was able to take place and slavery began to develop

Political, economic and religiousmotivations of French and Dutch empires

1-Religious: The French and Dutch sought religious freedom in the New World 2-Economic: France depended on trade with the Native Americans and friendly relations 3-Political: The French and the Dutch sought national glory as well as priding themselves on the humane treatment of Native Americans

How would European settlers explain their superiority to Native Americans and justify both the conquest of Native lands and terminating their freedom?

1-They used their political and religious beliefs and education to prove to the Indians that they were superior to them. They used the Indians beliefs against them. 2-They justified their conquest through the spread of Christianity and claimed to be freeing the Native Americans. Although the Native Americans were already free by their own means.

What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before European arrived?

Before the Europeans arrived, the native population of North America consisted of numerous tribes with their own languages, religious beliefs, and economic and social structures.

How "Black Legend" affected subsequent policies and practices of Spain as well as those of the Netherlands and France?

By the end of sixteenth century, Spain consisted of forced wage labor by Indians and slave labor by Africans. Spain was always exploitative like the Netherlands and France. The affect and spread of Black Legend were the image of Spain as a uniquely brutal and exploitative colonizer. That provided a potent justification for other European powers to challenge Spain's predominance in America.

What role did religion play in the Pueblo Revolt?

Due to the Persecutions of non-catholics became more and more intense, during the pueblo revolt, the victorious pueblos burned churches and images of Christ and the Virgin Mary, and wading into rivers to wash away their catholic baptisms. -the revolt arose from the many oppressions the Indians had suffered.

One of the most striking features of Indian societies at the time of the encounter with Europeans was their diversity. examples

Each group of Native Americans had its own political system and its own set of religious beliefs. North America was also home to hundreds of mutually unintelligible languages. Native Americans did not see themselves as one unified people. Each tribe had its own social structure, political structure, and culture.

What happened when the peoples of the Americas came in contact with Europeans?

Had different beliefs, conflicts started to arise. Europeans felt that Indians lacked genuine religion. Claimed the Indians did not "use" the land, which meant they had no claim to it. Viewed Indian men as weak and Indian women as mistreated. Trade and disease also played a huge role in shaping relations between the Europeans and Indians.

Describe the different global economies that Europeans participated in or created during the European age of expansion

It created a global economy that relied on the goods of its colonies, it got free labor from slaves and imported goods and crops from its colonies in the Americas. Countries in Europe became wealthier and stronger as it expanded its borders.

What were the main factors fueling the European age of expansion

Need for resources and trade, spread of religious freedom, spreading "freedom" to the Native peoples. The European conquest of America began as an offshoot quest to find a sea route to India, China, and the Islands of the East Indies. This was to have access to international trade.

Political, economic and religious motivations of New Spain

Political: National Glory Economic: Wealth in gold and crops. Religious:Spreading Catholicism