HIST 1301 Test 3

The colonization of freed U.S. slaves to Africa

All of the above

The slave states outstripped the free states in

All of the above

When it came to the founding fathers, Southerners

All of the above

Which of the following was not a favorite method that slave owners used to maintain order?

All of the above

Who tended to resist the efforts of the temperance movement?

All of the above

What was the name of the vibrant community of freed Virginian slaves?

Israel Hill

William Lloyd Garrison published an abolitionist newspaper called

Liberator.

The American Colonization Society promoted the gradual abolition of slavery and the settlement of black Americans to

Liberia.

Divisions within the abolitionist movement were due in significant part to the concurrent women's rights movement because

some abolitionists feared that calling for equality or more rights for women would divide their efforts and impede their own movement against slavery.

Free blacks in the United States

sometimes became wealthy enough to own slaves.

William Lloyd Garrison

suggested that the North dissolve the Union to free itself of any connection to slavery.

The proliferation of new institutions during the antebellum era demonstrated the

tension between liberation and control in the era's reform movements.

The dividing line between slavery and freedom was

the Mason-Dixon Line.

According to mid-nineteenth-century physicians and racial theorists such as Josiah Nott and George Gliddon,

there was a hierarchy of races, with blacks forming a separate species between whites and chimpanzees.

Those involved in nineteenth-century reform movements

used moral suasion to try to persuade others to join their cause.

Alexis de Tocqueville noted that Americans tended to be organized through or by

voluntary associations.

Brook Farm

was founded by New England transcendentalists.

Like Indian removal, colonization rested on the premise that America

was fundamentally a white society.

The southern economy

was intricately tied into slavery.

Margaret Fuller

was part of the transcendentalist movement.

How did the abolitionist movement that started anew in the late 1820s and early 1830s differ from its predecessor?

The nineteenth-century movement drew on the religious fervor of the Second Great Awakening.

By the 1840s, what was most open to women?

The public sphere

Which statement describing the slave family is accurate?

The slave family allowed for the transmission of slave culture from one generation to the next.

The plantation masters had many means to maintain order among their slaves. According to the text, what was the most powerful weapon the plantation masters had?

The threat of sale

If William Lloyd Garrison was antislavery's most notable propagandist, _____ helped to create its mass constituency.

Theodore Weld

Which of the following was not a characteristic of the Shakers?

They believed in "complex marriage," which allowed any man and woman to engage in sexual relations.

Which statement about Shakers is false?

They practiced "complex marriage" and recorded sexual relations in a public record book.

How did the abolitionists link themselves to the nation's Revolutionary heritage?

They seized on the preamble to the Declaration of Independence as an attack against slavery.

What explains why the idea that the "plain folk" of the Old South felt a bond with the plantation elite is false?

They were slaveholders too.

Jumping over a broomstick was symbolic for

a slave marriage.

Abolitionists challenged stereotypes about African-Americans by

countering the pseudoscientific claim that they formed a separate species.

Burned-over districts were

in New York and Ohio where intense revivals occurred.

The role of African-Americans in the abolitionist movement

included helping to finance The Liberator.

The reform communities established in the years before the Civil War

introduced the words "socialism" and "communism" to the language of politics.

The significance of New Harmony was that

it promoted reform in education and women's rights.

Urban slaves

most often were domestic servants.

Slave families

often were headed by women because of the sale of male slaves.

Most white southerners lived

on self-sufficient farms in isolated areas and were poorly educated.

Joseph Cinquez is well known for a slave rebellion

on the Amistad.

On the plantation, the man who was in charge of ensuring a profitable crop for the plantation master was called the

overseer.

Free blacks in the South were allowed to

own property.

The gag rule

prevented Congress from hearing antislavery petitions.

Denmark Vesey's conspiracy

reflected the combination of American and African influences circulating at the time.

In the South, the paternalist ethos

reflected the hierarchical society in which the planter took responsibility for the lives of those around him.

In slave folklore, the Brer Rabbit stories

represented how slaves were weaker than their masters but could outsmart them.

Southern cities

served as centers for gathering and shipping cotton.

There were many forms of slave resistance. The most common was

silent sabotage.

Southern farmers in the backcountry

were more likely to be illiterate than their northern counterparts.

At the Women's Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York, participants

wished to have greater access to education and employment.

Frederick Douglass wrote, "When the true history of the antislavery cause shall be written, _____ will occupy a large space in its pages."

women

The slave population by 1860 was approximately

4 million.

Approximately how much of the world's cotton supply came from the southern United States?

75%

Which group of people took the concept of social freedom as their own, greatly expanding its meaning?

Feminists

Who was once a slave, became a leader of the abolitionist movement, and published his autobiography condemning slavery and racism?

Frederick Douglass

Which of the following was not true of the South and slavery in nineteenth century America?

In the South as a whole, slaves made up 10 percent of the population.

Who said that the language in the Declaration of Independence—that all men were created equal and entitled to liberty—was "the most false and dangerous of all political errors"?

John C. Calhoun

The _____ was established in hopes of making abolitionism a political movement.

Liberty Party

Which of the following stories did not play a central role in black Christianity?

Noah and the ark

What enabled slave owners to think of themselves as kind, responsible masters even as they bought and sold their human property?

Paternalism

The sale and trade of slaves within the United States is called the

Second Middle Passage.

Which of the following was the least frequent form of slave resistance?

Serious crimes such as arson, poisoning, and assault

What was commonly believed about prisons and asylums during the age of reform?

That they could become an environment for rehabilitation, releasing "cured" patients back into society

The Oneida Community

controlled which of its members would be allowed to reproduce.

Historians estimate that approximately _____ slaves per year escaped to the North and Canada.

1,000

At what age was a slave permitted by law to enter the plantation labor force?

10 years old

About _____ reform communities were established in the decades before the Civil War.

100

By 1850, approximately how many slave owners owned 200 slaves or more?

100

Who gave more speeches and traveled more miles than any other female orator during the antebellum period?

Abby Kelley

Abolitionists in the 1830s spread their views

All of the above

Frederick Douglass

All of the above

Fugitive slaves

All of the above

Horace Mann believed that public schools

All of the above

In the antebellum era, Americans embarked on a program of institution building, including

All of the above

Margaret Fuller was

All of the above

Nat Turner's Rebellion

All of the above

Nearly all the reform communities

All of the above

The abolitionist view of the Constitution was

All of the above

In the nineteenth century, what product replaced sugar as the world's major crop produced by slave labor?

Cotton

Which of the following was not used by southerners to justify their proslavery ideology?

The Declaration of Independence

What did slaves follow to get escape north?

The North Star

Which statement about Nat Turner's Rebellion is true?

The South was in a panic after the rebellion.

What did the Fourth of July represent to Frederick Douglass?

The hypocrisy of a nation that proclaimed liberty but sanctioned slavery

Utopian communities were unlikely to attract much support because most Americans

a and b

Southerners John C. Calhoun and George Fitzhugh

agreed that slavery was not a necessary evil but a positive good.

Task labor

allowed slaves to take on daily jobs, set their own pace, and work on their own when they were done.

The connection between the abolitionist movement and the idea of civil liberties

became clearer to more Americans after the murder of abolitionist editor Elijah Lovejoy.

The relationship between rich southern planters and poor southern farmers

benefited in part from a sense of unity bred by criticism from outsiders.

The North's economic connection to southern slavery

benefited the elite of coastal cities, but few others.

William Lloyd Garrison argued in Thoughts on African Colonization, that

blacks were not "strangers" in America to be shipped abroad, but rather they were already part of American society and thus should stay.

The Declaration of Sentiments was made

by the women at the Seneca Falls Convention.

The American Temperance Society was established in 1826, and by 1840,

consumption of alcohol per person had fallen substantially.

Robert Owen's community, New Harmony,

championed women's rights and education.

The South's proslavery argument

claimed that slavery was essential to human progress, economically and culturally.

Slave religion

combined African traditions and Christian belief.

Denmark Vesey

combined aspects of American and African culture.

The Seneca Falls women's rights convention

condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women.

Dorothea Dix devoted her life to crusade for the

construction of humane mental hospitals for the insane.

Abby Kelley

demonstrated the interconnectedness of nineteenth-century reform movements.

Silent sabotage can be defined as slaves

doing poor work and breaking tools.

The connection between abolitionism and violence

existed in the minds of southerners despite the fact that Garrison and his followers opposed violence.