HIST 1301: Unit 2

The Monroe Doctrine developed after

France seemed ready to help Spain regain her old empire in Latin America, although most nations there had declared their independence.

Problems in foreign relations during Washington's second term primarily involved

France.

Thomas Jefferson resigned as secretary of state over President Washington's stand on the

French Revolution.

The so-called Whiskey Rebellion was a reaction by farmers to

Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey.

The division into political parties grew out of differences over

Hamilton's program.

The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants," said

Thomas Jefferson.

The "Log Cabin and Hard Cider" campaign was in support of

William Henry Harrison.

In the case of Worcester v. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokees were

a "distinct political community" in which Georgia law had no force.

The extension of voting rights in most states to white men was

a factor in Andrew Jackson's election in 1828.

Causes of the panic of 1837 included

a financial depression in England.

The Bill of Rights amendments to the Constitution were supported by James Madison, as

a gesture of conciliation to the opponents of ratification, and because of commitments made to the anti-Federalists at the ratifying conventions

In the early 1800s, the trinity of ideas promoting economic nationalism consisted of

a national bank, a protective tariff, and internal improvements.

The first great debate interpreting the Constitution arose over

a national bank.

Before the Tariff of 1816, New England shippers and southern farmers opposed

a protective tariff

In Number 10 of he Federalist, James Madison argued that

a republic would work especially well in the large, diverse country.

Hamilton, as compared to Jefferson, had greater faith in

a strong central government closely tied to the forces of wealth and power in society.

As a result of Henry Clay's compromise in 1833,

a. Congress reduced the tariff. b. South Carolina rescinded its nullification of the tariff. c. Congress authorized the president to use force to gain compliance with the law in South Carolina.

The Annapolis Convention was not a total failure because

it called for another convention the following year in Philadelphia.

Factories appeared first in New England for all of the following reasons except:

its slaves had little cotton to pick and could work in factories.

In the vote on establishing a national bank, congressmen

largely divided along North-South sectional lines.

By 1860, Catholicism was the

largest religious denomination in the United States.

Jefferson believed that a large national debt would

lead to high taxes and corruption.

In the election of 1828, Andrew Jackson was

more popular than the incumbent president, John Quincy Adams, with ordinary folk and southern planters.

As a result of the War of 1812, President Madison embraced

nationalism and broad construction of the Constitution, moving close to the old Federalist position.

The Know-Nothing Party was built on

nativism.

The Rush-Bagot Agreement eliminated

naval competition with the British on the Great Lakes.

The most divisive issue in state politics in the 1780s involved

need for paper money.

The Constitutional Convention required that the Constitution be ratified by

nine state conventions.

As it happened after the Treaty of Ghent, the Battle of New Orleans had

no effect on the war or the postwar settlement.

Efforts to develop labor unions through 1840 were

not successful at the national level.

When Congress outlawed the slave trade,

only one state, South Carolina, still allowed the importation of slaves.

Andrew Jackson was the first president born in

poverty

The Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution involved

presidential elections.

Support for the War of 1812 came primarily from the South and West rather than from the trading areas of New York and New England. This was due to

protection given by British Canada to Indian enemies of the United States who had fled there for protection.

Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe favored a constitutional amendment to

provide for internal improvements.

Andrew Jackson's action with regard to the Indians was to

refuse to enforce a Supreme Court decision in their favor.

The "Great Compromise" at the Constitutional Convention was over

representation in the new congress. (mainly representation on regards of slavery)

The Embargo Act of 1807 helped

revive the Federalist party.

A collapse in cotton prices

set off the panic of 1819.

For the area north of the Ohio River, the Northwest Ordinance of 1787

set the process for admitting new states to the Union.

As a result of the invention of the cotton gin,

slavery continued to be profitable.

Samuel Slater's textile mill in Rhode Island used

small children as its main labor force.

The percentage of Americans who could vote increased between 1790 and 1820 because

states abolished many property and taxpaying requirements.

Jackson's veto of the Maysville Road Bill

struck at both Calhoun and Clay.

John C. Calhoun initially championed internal improvements, believing

that western development would help the South.

The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions criticized

the Alien and Sedition Acts.

The first party in American presidential politics to hold a national convention was

the Anti-Masonic party

Andrew Jackson defeated

the Seminole Indians in Spanish Florida.

For Americans, the most humiliating aspect of the War of 1812 involved

the burning of the national capital.

One effect of the Hartford Convention was

the death of the Federalist party

From the point of view of the United States, all but which of the following were positive results of the War of 1812?

the favorable settlement of most issues that caused the war

More than any other crop, cotton after 1790 experienced

the greatest surge in production

The United States was able to acquire Florida easily because of

the lack of Spanish control over the area.

The greatest weakness of the Articles of Confederation was

the requirement of unanimous state approval for amendments.

A major diplomatic problem with Spain was

the right of the United States to navigate to the mouth of the Mississippi River.

The Newburgh Conspiracy threatened a coup d'état unless

the states yielded more power to Congress.

The Virginia Plan at the Constitutional Convention called for

three separate branches of government.

The "revolution of 1800'' refers more to the orderly transfer of power from the Federalists to the Republicans than

to a massive change to the political system.

Jefferson's solution to the harassment of our ships by European powers was

to cut off trade with all of them.

The new government's most critical need was

to raise revenue.

Developments in transportation usually occurred in the following order:

turnpikes, steamboats, canals, railroads.

In 1790, the African American percentage of the total population was

twenty percent.

Liquor was a

valuable cash crop for western farmers.

In the Webster-Hayne debate, Robert Y. Hayne

viewed the Union as a compact of states.

Jefferson's embargo

was repealed before Madison took office.

By 1860, the majority of the nation's population

was west of the Appalachian Mountains.

The Whigs

were organized around supporters of John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, and Daniel Webster.

The Preemption Act and the Graduation Act made

western lands available at low prices.

At the Constitutional Convention, the New Jersey Plan proposed a legislature

with equal representation for each state.

The anti-Federalists

worried about the rights of individuals.

At the Jefferson Day dinner in 1830, Andrew Jackson offered as a toast,

"Our Union—It must be preserved!"

John Quincy Adams's administration was crippled from the beginning because of the

"corrupt bargain."

James Madison of Virginia is known as the

"father of the Constitution."

The five "civilized tribes of Indians" in the South included

1. Chickasaws. 2. Fox. 3. Seminoles.

In McCulloch v. Maryland, John Marshall

1. endorsed a broad construction of the Constitution 2. defended the supremacy of the Constitution. 3. denied that the states could tax a federal institution.

As president, James Monroe

1. had no opposition when he ran for reelection in 1820. 2. settled a number of border issues with Canada in agreements with Britain in 1817 and 1818. 3. developed the doctrine that aimed to keep European nations from interfering in Latin America.

The Whig coalition included

1. supporters of John C. Calhoun and Daniel Webster. 2. Catholic immigrants. 3. social reformers.

The first telegraph message was transmitted between two cities in

1844.

In a duel, Aaron Burr killed

Alexander Hamilton.

Opened in 1825, the Erie Canal linked

Buffalo and the Hudson River.

To strengthen the government under the Articles of Confederation, Robert Morris wanted to

Congress granted pensions to soldiers.

A mechanical reaper to harvest grain was invented by

Cyrus Hall McCormick.

With the Judiciary Act of 1801,

Federalists hoped to control the judicial system.

In the 1816 vote on the Bank of the United States,

Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun supported it, but Daniel Webster opposed it.

The election of 1824 was decided when

Henry Clay supported John Quincy Adams.

By 1860, the largest immigrant group in the United States was the

Irish.

The Louisiana Purchase accomplished all of the following, except:

It removed Spain from North America.

The "Era of Good Feelings" describes

James Monroe's administration.

All of the following were leading Anti-Federalists except

James Wilson

Jackson and his supporters agreed with

Jefferson's vision for America.

Peggy Eaton was controversial because her background offended

John C. Calhoun's wife.

In 1828, the idea that a state could nullify an act of Congress was proposed by

John C. Calhoun.

The vice-president during Andrew Jackson's first term as president was

John C. Calhoun.

The first chief justice of the Supreme Court was

John Jay of New York

The greatest single achievement of Jefferson's presidency was the

Louisiana Purchase.

In the political divisions around 1800, one side included

Madison and Jefferson.

The stalemate over the assumption of state debts was broken when

Madison pledged southern support in exchange for locating the capital on the Potomac River.

"The Republicans have out-federalized Federalism" refers to

Republicans in the late 1810s supporting a national bank and a protective tariff.

The most influential figure in the Confederation government was

Robert Morris.

In settling the northwestern boundary of the United States, Secretary of State Adams had to negotiate with

Russia.

In 1794, Jay's Treaty with Great Britain

accepted the British definition of neutral rights.

The Alien and Sedition Acts

actually affected only a small number of people.

The Missouri Compromise of 1820

admitted Missouri as a slave state.

The 1810 census showed that the South had

almost as many manufacturers as New England.

To keep the government financially sound after the panic of 1837, Van Buren proposed

an independent treasury.

In his farewell address, George Washington warned against

any permanent alliance with another nation.

New York City was

as the first capital city of the United States.

The Logan Act

barred private citizens from negotiating with foreign governments without authorization from the federal government.

Jackson helped to bring an early end to the Bank of the United States by

beginning to deposit government funds in state banks rather than in the Bank of the United States.

During the growth of internal improvement, the federal government

bought stock in, and gave land grants to, some transportation companies.

As an immigrant ethnic group, the Irish faced discrimination for all of the following reasons except that they

came mostly as single males.

Henry Clay was the dynamic nationalist who

championed the American System.

The land policy developed in the United States in its first decades

continually decreased the minimum size of a plot to be purchased.

The Constitutional Convention dealt with slavery by

counting three-fifths of the slaves in apportioning representation to the House of Representatives.

Jeffersonian reforms included

cutbacks in the Army and the Navy.

In Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court established its power to

declare a law unconstitutional.

From the 1830s to the 1860s,

distinctions among the socioeconomic classes grew more rigid, even though this was the "age of the common man."

President Jackson claimed that nullification sought

disunion, which was treason

The word "slavery"

does not appear anywhere in the Constitution of 1787.

The act that outlawed the international slave trade was passed

during Jefferson's administration.

There were no Federalist candidates for the presidency in the

election of 1824.

Southern slave states sought to protect their national political interests by

ensuring an equal number of slave states and free states.

The Supreme Court's decision in Marbury v. Madison

established that the Supreme Court had the right of judicial review.

In Dartmouth College v. Woodward, the Supreme Court

expanded the definition of contracts and put them beyond state control.

The rise of professions resulted mainly from the

expansion of education and knowledge.

The steamboat helped make

farming a commercial activity.

In the antebellum period, railroads aided the expansion of

farming more than manufacturing.

Perishable tea leaves spurred the development of

fast-sailing ships known as clippers.

John C. Calhoun's theory of nullification provided

for nullification only by a specially elected state convention.

Under the Confederation, Americans disagreed with the British over

forts along the Canadian border.

In the early 1800s, the fastest growing segment of the population was

free blacks.

The Distribution Act of 1836

gave surplus funds in the federal treasury as loans to the states

The Essex Junto planned to

have New England secede from the Union.

In the War of 1812, the United States struck effectively at the British

in Canada

Thomas Jefferson was the first president

inaugurated in Washington, D.C.

Through their sermons, Protestant ministers sometimes

incited mobs to attack Catholic institutions and churches.

Immigration into the United States

increased most during the period from 1845 to 1854.

Before the Civil War, affluent homes might have such luxuries as

indoor plumbing, sewing machines, and iceboxes.

The "firebell in the night" that awakened and filled Jefferson with terror was the

issue of slavery.