HIST 1301: Unit 2
The Monroe Doctrine developed after
France seemed ready to help Spain regain her old empire in Latin America, although most nations there had declared their independence.
Problems in foreign relations during Washington's second term primarily involved
France.
Thomas Jefferson resigned as secretary of state over President Washington's stand on the
French Revolution.
The so-called Whiskey Rebellion was a reaction by farmers to
Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey.
The division into political parties grew out of differences over
Hamilton's program.
The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants," said
Thomas Jefferson.
The "Log Cabin and Hard Cider" campaign was in support of
William Henry Harrison.
In the case of Worcester v. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokees were
a "distinct political community" in which Georgia law had no force.
The extension of voting rights in most states to white men was
a factor in Andrew Jackson's election in 1828.
Causes of the panic of 1837 included
a financial depression in England.
The Bill of Rights amendments to the Constitution were supported by James Madison, as
a gesture of conciliation to the opponents of ratification, and because of commitments made to the anti-Federalists at the ratifying conventions
In the early 1800s, the trinity of ideas promoting economic nationalism consisted of
a national bank, a protective tariff, and internal improvements.
The first great debate interpreting the Constitution arose over
a national bank.
Before the Tariff of 1816, New England shippers and southern farmers opposed
a protective tariff
In Number 10 of he Federalist, James Madison argued that
a republic would work especially well in the large, diverse country.
Hamilton, as compared to Jefferson, had greater faith in
a strong central government closely tied to the forces of wealth and power in society.
As a result of Henry Clay's compromise in 1833,
a. Congress reduced the tariff. b. South Carolina rescinded its nullification of the tariff. c. Congress authorized the president to use force to gain compliance with the law in South Carolina.
The Annapolis Convention was not a total failure because
it called for another convention the following year in Philadelphia.
Factories appeared first in New England for all of the following reasons except:
its slaves had little cotton to pick and could work in factories.
In the vote on establishing a national bank, congressmen
largely divided along North-South sectional lines.
By 1860, Catholicism was the
largest religious denomination in the United States.
Jefferson believed that a large national debt would
lead to high taxes and corruption.
In the election of 1828, Andrew Jackson was
more popular than the incumbent president, John Quincy Adams, with ordinary folk and southern planters.
As a result of the War of 1812, President Madison embraced
nationalism and broad construction of the Constitution, moving close to the old Federalist position.
The Know-Nothing Party was built on
nativism.
The Rush-Bagot Agreement eliminated
naval competition with the British on the Great Lakes.
The most divisive issue in state politics in the 1780s involved
need for paper money.
The Constitutional Convention required that the Constitution be ratified by
nine state conventions.
As it happened after the Treaty of Ghent, the Battle of New Orleans had
no effect on the war or the postwar settlement.
Efforts to develop labor unions through 1840 were
not successful at the national level.
When Congress outlawed the slave trade,
only one state, South Carolina, still allowed the importation of slaves.
Andrew Jackson was the first president born in
poverty
The Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution involved
presidential elections.
Support for the War of 1812 came primarily from the South and West rather than from the trading areas of New York and New England. This was due to
protection given by British Canada to Indian enemies of the United States who had fled there for protection.
Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe favored a constitutional amendment to
provide for internal improvements.
Andrew Jackson's action with regard to the Indians was to
refuse to enforce a Supreme Court decision in their favor.
The "Great Compromise" at the Constitutional Convention was over
representation in the new congress. (mainly representation on regards of slavery)
The Embargo Act of 1807 helped
revive the Federalist party.
A collapse in cotton prices
set off the panic of 1819.
For the area north of the Ohio River, the Northwest Ordinance of 1787
set the process for admitting new states to the Union.
As a result of the invention of the cotton gin,
slavery continued to be profitable.
Samuel Slater's textile mill in Rhode Island used
small children as its main labor force.
The percentage of Americans who could vote increased between 1790 and 1820 because
states abolished many property and taxpaying requirements.
Jackson's veto of the Maysville Road Bill
struck at both Calhoun and Clay.
John C. Calhoun initially championed internal improvements, believing
that western development would help the South.
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions criticized
the Alien and Sedition Acts.
The first party in American presidential politics to hold a national convention was
the Anti-Masonic party
Andrew Jackson defeated
the Seminole Indians in Spanish Florida.
For Americans, the most humiliating aspect of the War of 1812 involved
the burning of the national capital.
One effect of the Hartford Convention was
the death of the Federalist party
From the point of view of the United States, all but which of the following were positive results of the War of 1812?
the favorable settlement of most issues that caused the war
More than any other crop, cotton after 1790 experienced
the greatest surge in production
The United States was able to acquire Florida easily because of
the lack of Spanish control over the area.
The greatest weakness of the Articles of Confederation was
the requirement of unanimous state approval for amendments.
A major diplomatic problem with Spain was
the right of the United States to navigate to the mouth of the Mississippi River.
The Newburgh Conspiracy threatened a coup d'état unless
the states yielded more power to Congress.
The Virginia Plan at the Constitutional Convention called for
three separate branches of government.
The "revolution of 1800'' refers more to the orderly transfer of power from the Federalists to the Republicans than
to a massive change to the political system.
Jefferson's solution to the harassment of our ships by European powers was
to cut off trade with all of them.
The new government's most critical need was
to raise revenue.
Developments in transportation usually occurred in the following order:
turnpikes, steamboats, canals, railroads.
In 1790, the African American percentage of the total population was
twenty percent.
Liquor was a
valuable cash crop for western farmers.
In the Webster-Hayne debate, Robert Y. Hayne
viewed the Union as a compact of states.
Jefferson's embargo
was repealed before Madison took office.
By 1860, the majority of the nation's population
was west of the Appalachian Mountains.
The Whigs
were organized around supporters of John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, and Daniel Webster.
The Preemption Act and the Graduation Act made
western lands available at low prices.
At the Constitutional Convention, the New Jersey Plan proposed a legislature
with equal representation for each state.
The anti-Federalists
worried about the rights of individuals.
At the Jefferson Day dinner in 1830, Andrew Jackson offered as a toast,
"Our Union—It must be preserved!"
John Quincy Adams's administration was crippled from the beginning because of the
"corrupt bargain."
James Madison of Virginia is known as the
"father of the Constitution."
The five "civilized tribes of Indians" in the South included
1. Chickasaws. 2. Fox. 3. Seminoles.
In McCulloch v. Maryland, John Marshall
1. endorsed a broad construction of the Constitution 2. defended the supremacy of the Constitution. 3. denied that the states could tax a federal institution.
As president, James Monroe
1. had no opposition when he ran for reelection in 1820. 2. settled a number of border issues with Canada in agreements with Britain in 1817 and 1818. 3. developed the doctrine that aimed to keep European nations from interfering in Latin America.
The Whig coalition included
1. supporters of John C. Calhoun and Daniel Webster. 2. Catholic immigrants. 3. social reformers.
The first telegraph message was transmitted between two cities in
1844.
In a duel, Aaron Burr killed
Alexander Hamilton.
Opened in 1825, the Erie Canal linked
Buffalo and the Hudson River.
To strengthen the government under the Articles of Confederation, Robert Morris wanted to
Congress granted pensions to soldiers.
A mechanical reaper to harvest grain was invented by
Cyrus Hall McCormick.
With the Judiciary Act of 1801,
Federalists hoped to control the judicial system.
In the 1816 vote on the Bank of the United States,
Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun supported it, but Daniel Webster opposed it.
The election of 1824 was decided when
Henry Clay supported John Quincy Adams.
By 1860, the largest immigrant group in the United States was the
Irish.
The Louisiana Purchase accomplished all of the following, except:
It removed Spain from North America.
The "Era of Good Feelings" describes
James Monroe's administration.
All of the following were leading Anti-Federalists except
James Wilson
Jackson and his supporters agreed with
Jefferson's vision for America.
Peggy Eaton was controversial because her background offended
John C. Calhoun's wife.
In 1828, the idea that a state could nullify an act of Congress was proposed by
John C. Calhoun.
The vice-president during Andrew Jackson's first term as president was
John C. Calhoun.
The first chief justice of the Supreme Court was
John Jay of New York
The greatest single achievement of Jefferson's presidency was the
Louisiana Purchase.
In the political divisions around 1800, one side included
Madison and Jefferson.
The stalemate over the assumption of state debts was broken when
Madison pledged southern support in exchange for locating the capital on the Potomac River.
"The Republicans have out-federalized Federalism" refers to
Republicans in the late 1810s supporting a national bank and a protective tariff.
The most influential figure in the Confederation government was
Robert Morris.
In settling the northwestern boundary of the United States, Secretary of State Adams had to negotiate with
Russia.
In 1794, Jay's Treaty with Great Britain
accepted the British definition of neutral rights.
The Alien and Sedition Acts
actually affected only a small number of people.
The Missouri Compromise of 1820
admitted Missouri as a slave state.
The 1810 census showed that the South had
almost as many manufacturers as New England.
To keep the government financially sound after the panic of 1837, Van Buren proposed
an independent treasury.
In his farewell address, George Washington warned against
any permanent alliance with another nation.
New York City was
as the first capital city of the United States.
The Logan Act
barred private citizens from negotiating with foreign governments without authorization from the federal government.
Jackson helped to bring an early end to the Bank of the United States by
beginning to deposit government funds in state banks rather than in the Bank of the United States.
During the growth of internal improvement, the federal government
bought stock in, and gave land grants to, some transportation companies.
As an immigrant ethnic group, the Irish faced discrimination for all of the following reasons except that they
came mostly as single males.
Henry Clay was the dynamic nationalist who
championed the American System.
The land policy developed in the United States in its first decades
continually decreased the minimum size of a plot to be purchased.
The Constitutional Convention dealt with slavery by
counting three-fifths of the slaves in apportioning representation to the House of Representatives.
Jeffersonian reforms included
cutbacks in the Army and the Navy.
In Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court established its power to
declare a law unconstitutional.
From the 1830s to the 1860s,
distinctions among the socioeconomic classes grew more rigid, even though this was the "age of the common man."
President Jackson claimed that nullification sought
disunion, which was treason
The word "slavery"
does not appear anywhere in the Constitution of 1787.
The act that outlawed the international slave trade was passed
during Jefferson's administration.
There were no Federalist candidates for the presidency in the
election of 1824.
Southern slave states sought to protect their national political interests by
ensuring an equal number of slave states and free states.
The Supreme Court's decision in Marbury v. Madison
established that the Supreme Court had the right of judicial review.
In Dartmouth College v. Woodward, the Supreme Court
expanded the definition of contracts and put them beyond state control.
The rise of professions resulted mainly from the
expansion of education and knowledge.
The steamboat helped make
farming a commercial activity.
In the antebellum period, railroads aided the expansion of
farming more than manufacturing.
Perishable tea leaves spurred the development of
fast-sailing ships known as clippers.
John C. Calhoun's theory of nullification provided
for nullification only by a specially elected state convention.
Under the Confederation, Americans disagreed with the British over
forts along the Canadian border.
In the early 1800s, the fastest growing segment of the population was
free blacks.
The Distribution Act of 1836
gave surplus funds in the federal treasury as loans to the states
The Essex Junto planned to
have New England secede from the Union.
In the War of 1812, the United States struck effectively at the British
in Canada
Thomas Jefferson was the first president
inaugurated in Washington, D.C.
Through their sermons, Protestant ministers sometimes
incited mobs to attack Catholic institutions and churches.
Immigration into the United States
increased most during the period from 1845 to 1854.
Before the Civil War, affluent homes might have such luxuries as
indoor plumbing, sewing machines, and iceboxes.
The "firebell in the night" that awakened and filled Jefferson with terror was the
issue of slavery.
