HIST 1302 - US History II - Chapter 25

Many Americans learned about the war and began questioning their isolationist stance as a result of reports from radio broadcaster ______. - Edward R. Murrow - Wendell Willkie - Lewis Mumford - Neville Chamberlin

- Edward R. Murrow

In 1941, ______leaders signed the Atlantic Charter, a blueprint for the postwar global order. - American and French - German and Japanese - British and American - Italian and German

- British and American

Which country attacked the U.S. Naval Base at Pearl Harbor in 1941? - Germany - the Soviet Union - China - Japan

- Japan

In 1938, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlin accepted Hitler's promise that he only planned to occupy a small, German-speaking region of ______. - Poland - Austria - Czechoslovakia - Croatia

- Czechoslovakia

As part of Operation Overlord, _____ was a massive Allied land and air invasion of German-occupied Normandy, France in June 1944. - Operation TORCH - the Battle of Midway - the Battle of the Bulge - D-Day

- D-Day

At the Yalta Conference, in February 1945, the Big Three agreed to demilitarize Germany and split it into four occupation zones (one for each signatory and one for _____) after the war. - France - Canada - The Netherlands - Spain

- France

Prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor, FDR always assumed that an attack on the United States would come from ______. - Italy - the Soviet Union - Germany - Japan

- Germany

Which of the following was true of the attack on Pearl Harbor? - It revealed that the United States was militarily outmatched by the Japanese. - It was a surprise attack. - It made many American isolationists change their minds about becoming involved in the war. - It led to the destruction of several warships, but no human casualties.

- It was a surprise attack. - It made many American isolationists change their minds about becoming involved in the war.

What advantages did President Truman see in dropping the atomic bomb on Japan? - It would make it unnecessary for the Soviets to enter the Pacific war. - The bomb would not cause many civilian deaths. - It would avoid a massive land invasion and heavy American casualties. - Public support was virtually assured given anger over Pearl Harbor and animosity toward the Japanese.

- It would make it unnecessary for the Soviets to enter the Pacific war. - It would avoid a massive land invasion and heavy American casualties. - Public support was virtually assured given anger over Pearl Harbor and animosity toward the Japanese.

When its troops swarmed into Manchuria in northeast Asia in 1931, _____ became the first fascistic state to expand aggressively. - Italy - Russia - Germany - Japan

- Japan

Without credible evidence, the U.S. government singled out _____ as high security risks during World War II. - German Americans - Mexican Americans - Japanese Americans - Italian Americans

- Japanese Americans

Adolf Hitler held ____ responsible for the Great Depression and other national woes. - Britons - Americans - Aryans - Jews

- Jews

The top-secret American effort to develop an atomic bomb was known as the ______. - Santa Fe Proposal - Chicago Plan - Alamogordo Agenda - Manhattan Project

- Manhattan Project

As food demand soared in World War II and in need of an agricultural labor force, the U.S. government reversed its policy of expelling ____ nationals. - Mexican - Filipino - Japanese - Chinese

- Mexican

Who were the braceros of World War II? - Mexican Americans who unionized farm laborers - Mexican nationals who served as an agricultural labor force - Mexican nationals who were deported when agricultural production stalled - Mexican American soldiers who worked as translators

- Mexican nationals who served as an agricultural labor force

What were two outcomes of Operation TORCH? - Military leaders realized that the Allied troops were inexperienced and inadequately trained. - Allied forces were forced to retreat to southern Europe. - Allied forces drove the Germans out of North Africa. - Allied forces easily outmatched Nazi forces.

- Military leaders realized that the Allied troops were inexperienced and inadequately trained. - Allied forces drove the Germans out of North Africa.

In 1945, the United States dropped atomic bombs on which two Japanese cities? - Nagasaki - Osaka - Hiroshima - Tokyo

- Nagasaki - Hiroshima

As part of the U.S. armed forces in World War II, more than four hundred _____ encoded vital messages and orders in their native language for the marines' signal corps. - Navajo - Mexicans - Chinese Americans - Japanese Americans

- Navajo

In November 1942, British and U.S. troops carried out Operation TORCH, which was an invasion of ______. - the Balkans - North Africa - Germany - Italy

- North Africa

Colorful posters were slogans like "Loose Lips Sink Ships!" were produced by the ______. - America First Committee - War Production Board - Fair Employment Practices Commission - Office of War Information

- Office of War Information

Following the Tehran Conference in 1943, FDR compelled Churchill to expedite Operation ______. - Overlord - Husky - TORCH - Desert Storm

- Overlord

The international panel of judges at the Nuremberg trials established which principle? - Soldiers are immune from prosecution from war crimes if they were acting on the orders of their commanding officer. - Personnel of any and all ranks may be held responsible for war crimes. - Suspected war criminals must be brought to trial within ten years of the alleged crimes. - War crimes trials must be presided over by an international panel of judges representing at least four sovereign nations.

- Personnel of any and all ranks may be held responsible for war crimes.

Operation Husky was an Allied drive into southern Europe via ______. - Sicily - Greece - Spain - Cyprus

- Sicily

Which pledge made at the Yalta Conference was not honored? - The Big Three agreed to found and join the United Nations. - Stalin pledged that the Soviets would enter the war against Japan within three months of Germany's defeat. - Stalin committed to hold democratic elections in Soviet-occupied Poland. - The Big Three demilitarized Germany and split it into occupation zones.

- Stalin committed to hold democratic elections in Soviet-occupied Poland.

The Battle of _____ in 1943 resulted in massive Allied casualties but proved the most decisive in weakening the German war effort. - Sicily - Vichy - Stalingrad - Berlin

- Stalingrad

Which of the following were outcomes of the Tehran Conference of 1943? - The United States agreed to take a secondary role to Great Britain in planning the new world order following World War II. - The United States conceded that the Soviets could keep most of the Baltic states and much of Poland to create a security buffer with Germany. - The United States allowed Great Britain to retain any lands captured in the Pacific. - The Big Three agreed to establish an international security organization.

- The United States conceded that the Soviets could keep most of the Baltic states and much of Poland to create a security buffer with Germany. - The Big Three agreed to establish an international security organization.

What did the Women's Air Service Pilots (WASPs) do during World War II? - They fought aerial combat missions in the Pacific. - They served as flight attendants on U.S. Air Force planes. - They delivered new U.S. Army Air Force planes from the factory to their U.S. bases. - They fought aerial combat missions in Europe.

- They delivered new U.S. Army Air Force planes from the factory to their U.S. bases.

By the end of 1939, FDR had persuaded Congress to authorize the United States to sell arms to European democracies on what two conditions? - They had to agree not to resell the weapons. - They needed to pay cash. - They had to provide the United States with intelligence about the war. - They had to collect the arms themselves.

- They needed to pay cash. - They had to collect the arms themselves.

What restrictions did Black men face in the U.S. armed forces during World War II? - They were paid at a lower rate than white soldiers. - They were often permitted to serve in the army only. - They were not allowed to wear official uniforms. - They were segregated and barred from combat.

- They were often permitted to serve in the army only. - They were segregated and barred from combat.

The letter _____ was ubiquitous in advertising and fashion during World War II. - V (for victory) - A (for Americans) - W (for winning) - U (for unity)

- V (for victory)

Two days after Britain and France declared war on Germany, President Roosevelt ______. - declared war on Britain and France - sent a peace delegation to try to resolve the conflict - also declared war on Germany - affirmed U.S. neutrality

- affirmed U.S. neutrality

In 1939, U.S. involvement in what would become World War II consisted of ______. - a neutral stance in both public statement ant practice - an officially neutral stance, but indirectly aiding the British war effort - an alliance with Britain and France - openly sending troops and aid to Britain, but not officially declaring war

- an officially neutral stance, but indirectly aiding the British war effort

What were the primary roles that servicewomen filled in World War II? - clerical workers - nurses - mechanics - combat soldiers

- clerical workers - nurses

The Atlantic Charter (1941) recognized what three collective principles? - collective security - free trade - national self-determination - freedom of speech

- collective security - free trade - national self-determination

At the 1939 World's Fair in Flushing Meadows, New York, business interests promoted the "American Way," which they presented as a blend of which of the following? - consumerism - grassroots traditionalism - pro-unionism - technological innovation

- consumerism - technological innovation

The Fair Employment Practices Commission enforced an executive order that businesses with government contracts ______. - could not discriminate on the basis of race - must give hiring preference to veterans - must have at least thirty percent of their workforce be female - could not pay executives more than twenty times more than entry-level employees

- could not discriminate on the basis of race

The Selective Service Act of 1940: - limited the number of terms for senators and congressional representatives. - placed a cap on the number of troops the United States could maintain during peacetime. - directed nine hundred thousand men to undergo military training. - increased the difficulty of entrance exams for federal employees.

- directed nine hundred thousand men to undergo military training.

FDR's Four Freedoms speech envisioned a world founded on the freedoms of speech and worship and the freedoms from which of the following? - fascism - economic want - fear - racism

- economic want - fear

In the early 1940s, American self-identified internationalists ______. - felt the United States had a moral obligation to stop the Nazis - advocated continuing economic relationships with both sides of the European conflict - called for true neutrality and isolationism - actively supported the fascist war effort in Europe

- felt the United States had a moral obligation to stop the Nazis

The result of Executive Order 9066 was that thousands of Japanese Americans were ______. - deported - forcibly held in concentration camps - placed under secret government surveillance - required to pay a special war production tax

- forcibly held in concentration camps

American Corporations promoted the concept of the "Fifth Freedom" during World War II, meaning freedom ______. - of choice - from want - from regulation - of speech

- from regulation

The Battle of Midway was important because it - helped the Allies take an area that Japan could have used as a military base. - destroyed the location of Japan's wartime government. - provided Japan access to valuable resources like oil and iron. - gave the Allies control of the Pacific Ocean.

- helped the Allies take an area that Japan could have used as a military base.

In addition to the Nazi genocide of European Jews, the Nazi war machine also specifically targeted which of the following? - people with disabilities - Muslims - communists - gay people

- people with disabilities - communists - gay people

During World War II, Americans were encouraged to help the war effort by doing which of the following? - planting victory gardens - recycling household items - supporting the tourism industry by taking long-distance vacations - eating meat

- planting victory gardens - recycling household items

Established in 1942, the Office of War Information's function was to ______. - promote the American war effort and American ideals - coordinate between businesses and the military - provide mail service for American troops - collect military intelligence from enemy forces

- promote the American war effort and American ideals

Hitler flouted the terms of the Treaty of Versailles by _____ in 1935. - seizing control of national media outlets - suspending elections and outlawing political parties - ending the payment of reparations to France and Germany - rearming and sending troops into the Rhineland

- rearming and sending troops into the Rhineland

During World War II, _____ was banned from the consumer market altogether. - coffee - rubber - paper - wool

- rubber

The proliferation and expansion of war industries during World War II led many people to move from - urban to rural areas - rural to urban areas - urban to suburban areas - rural to suburban areas

- rural to urban areas

In December 1944, at the Battle of ______, German forces inflicted more casualties on U.S. troops than in any other battle. - Iwo Jima - Stalingrad - the Bulge - Midway

- the Bulge

Italy's Benito Mussolini was able to invade Ethiopia because ______. - the League of Nations was ineffective in trying to stop him - Ethiopia was already at war with Germany - the United Nations supported the overthrow of Ethiopia's government - he had the help of his allies Greece and Yugoslavia

- the League of Nations was ineffective in trying to stop him

In 1942, Japanese forces were focused on taking ______, a strategically important country with easy access to mineral-rich Australia. - Vietnam - Indonesia - the Philippines - Malaysia

- the Philippines

In March 1939, Germany announced a mutual nonaggression pact with ______. - the Soviet Union - Italy - Japan - Austria

- the Soviet Union

Operation Overlord called for a massive invasion to divert German troops from ______. - England - Poland - the Soviet Union - France

- the Soviet Union

The BMP emphasized that it was especially important that Hollywood films present what U.S. ally in a positive light? - the Soviet Union - France - China - Great Britain

- the Soviet Union

The allied countries known as the "Big Three" in World War II were ______. - Germany, Italy, and Japan - the United States, France, and Great Britain - the United States, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain - Germany, Japan, and the Soviet Union

- the United States, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain

What two entities were established at the international conference in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire in July 1944? - the United Nations and the League of Nations - the League of Nations and the World Bank - the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund - the International Monetary Fund and the United Nations

- the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund

What was Hitler's "Final Solution"? - occupying North Africa and attacking Europe from the South - the systematic slaughter of 6 million Jews - claiming 3 million Soviet prisoners of war - a massive attack on U.S. forces at the Battle of the Bulge

- the systematic slaughter of 6 million Jews

The War Production Board preferred to work with big business because - those businesses made higher-quality products than small businesses. - those businesses could deliver on a massive scale. - those businesses were more likely to have factories in allied countries. - the board wanted to work with unionized employees.

- those businesses could deliver on a massive scale.

Which of the following were among the OWI's Bureau of Motion Pictures (BMP) purposes? - to produce American propaganda films to screen overseas - to censor any movies that criticized the U.S. war effort - to distribute military training videos to the armed forces - to encourage studios to produce prowar films for civilians

- to censor any movies that criticized the U.S. war effort - to encourage studios to produce prowar films for civilians

The Double V campaign called on the government to commit to victory in the war overseas and ______. - to reestablish trade relationships with German and Japan - to end racism at home - to end poverty in the United States - to allow women to serve in combat units

- to end racism at home

Which of the following were among the purposes of the International Monetary Fund? - to extend loans for postwar reconstruction - to establish a standard international currency - to require Germany to pay reparations - to develop and regulate global finances

- to extend loans for postwar reconstruction - to develop and regulate global finances

What was the purpose of the War Production Board? - to oversee members of the armed forces working in industrial production - to incentivize U.S. businesses to produce material for the war effort - to coordinate war production efforts with international allies - to ensure safety standards were enforced during war production

- to incentivize U.S. businesses to produce material for the war effort

What was the purpose of the Nuremberg trials? - to pressure the Soviet Union to hold democratic elections in Poland - to prosecute Japanese leaders for the bombing of Pearl Harbor - to prosecute Nazis for their role in the Holocaust - to expose corruption among members of the UN Security Council

- to prosecute Nazis for their role in the Holocaust

Why was President Truman interested in using the atomic bomb? - to quickly end the war in the Pacific - as a threat to force the Japanese to surrender - to quickly end the war in Europe - as a threat to force the Germans to surrender

- to quickly end the war in the Pacific

During World War II, the regions that saw the most population growth were areas with ______. - thriving immigrant communities - war production industries - available land to purchase - mild climates

- war production industries

The U.S. armed forces in World War II ______. - was the largest citizen-soldier army the world had ever seen - was made up of exclusively white, native-born men - was culturally and ethnically diverse - was primarily comprised of soldiers who had been drafted

- was the largest citizen-soldier army the world had ever seen - was culturally and ethnically diverse

In 1939, American business leaders ______. - were divided about the war - vociferously supported the United States officially entering the war in Europe - perceived the war in Europe as a much bigger threat than the Great Depression and New Deal - saw the conflict in Europe as an opportunity to expand into the German, Italian, and Japanese markets

- were divided about the war

As a result of World War II and the Fair Employment Practices Commission, Black Americans ______. - entered the managerial ranks in large numbers - were hired in large numbers overall - filled more than double the number of skilled positions they had held before - were barred from working at businesses with government contracts

- were hired in large numbers overall - filled more than double the number of skilled positions they had held before

The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 gave the federal government wide latitude to to supply defense materiel to any country ______. - that would take a vow to stop the spread of facism - that could afford to buy it - that agreed to return it after the war - whose defense the president deemed vital to the defense of the United States

- whose defense the president deemed vital to the defense of the United States