HIST. 201 - Ch. 23: The United States and the Cold War (1945 - 1953) MULTIPLE CHOICE/REVIEW QUESTIONS

a. NSC-68

The 1950 National Security Council manifesto that called for a prominent military build-up to enable the United States to pursue a global crusade against communism, describing the Cold War as an epic struggle between "the idea of freedom" and the "idea of slavery under the grim oligarchy of the Kremlin" was known as _________. a. NSC-68 b. NATO c. the OIC d. the Marshall Plan

b. the originator of the containment policy

George Kennan was a. a movie producer blacklisted by the House Un-American Activities Committee b. the originator of the containment policy c. a Soviet spy working at the U.S. State Department d. chairman of the Senate Select Committee on Subversive Activities

c. "loss" of China to communism

IN 1949, the containment policy suffered a major setback in the form of the __________. a. invasion of South Korea b. overthrow of the government of Greece c. "loss" of China to communism d. publication of NSC-68

a. Universal Declaration of Human Rights

In 1948 United Nations-approved document that called for a range of rights to be enjoyed by people everywhere, including freedom on speech and religion, and social and economic entitlements including the right to an adequate standard of living, and access to adequate housing, education, and medical care was called the _____________. a. Universal Declaration of Human Rights b. Freedom House Manifesto c. Economic Bill of Rights d. Fair Deal

a. invasion of South Korea

In 1950, a serious challenge to the containment policy occurred with the ___________. a. invasion of South Korea b. overthrow of the government of Greece c. "loss" of China to communism d. publication of NSC-68

c. the Berlin Blockade

In June 1948, when the United States, Britain, and France introduced a separate currency in their zones of control in the city of Berlin, the Soviet Union responded with ___________. a. the development of the Warsaw Pact b. the building of the Berlin wall c. the Berlin Blockade d. NATO

c. Jackie Robinson

In the context of postwar Civil Rights, what major-league baseball player joined the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947 and by doing so challenged the longstanding exclusion of black players from major-league baseball? a. Paul Robeson b. Jim Thorpe c. Jackie Robinson d. James Farmer

c. Fair Deal

President Harry S. Truman's program that focused on improving the social safety net and raising the standard of living of ordinary Americans - calling on Congress to increase the minimum wage, enact a program of national health, insurance, and expand public housing, Social Security, and aid to education - was called the _________________. a. Square Deal b. Great Society c. Fair Deal d. New Frontier

d. Strom Thurmond

The "Dixiecrat" presidential ticket of 1948 was led by _____________. a. Hubert Humphrey b. Richard Nixon c. Joseph McCarthy d. Strom Thurmond

b. the Marshall Plan

The June 1947 U.S. foreign policy initiative that envisioned a New Deal for Europe and pledged billions of dollars to finance European economic recover was called _____________. a. the Truman Doctrine b. the Marshall Plan c. NATO d. the Fair Deal

a. asserted that the United States, as the leader of the "free world," must take up responsibility for supporting "freedom-loving peoples" wherever communism threatened them

The Truman Doctrine in March 1947 ______________. a. asserted that the United States, as the leader of the "free world," must take up responsibility for supporting "freedom-loving peoples" wherever communism threatened them b. asserted that an "iron curtain" had fallen across Europe, dividing free Western Europe from communist Eastern Europe c. established the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) d. immediately challenged the Soviet blockade of West Berlin with around-the-clock supply flights into West Berlin

d. leading efforts to break the blockade by airlifting supplies to the city

The Truman administration responded to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin by ____________. a. putting political pressure on the United Nations b. leading a UN expeditionary force to relieve the city c. threatening to use atomic weapons against the Soviet Union d. leading efforts to break the blockade by airlifting supplies to the city

b. Eleanor Roosevelt

The UN Committee that drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was led by __________. a. George C. Marshall b. Eleanor Roosevelt c. Norman Rockwell d. Alger Hiss

c. Korea

The first hot war of the Cold War, beginning in June 1950, took place in ____________. a. Greece and Turkey b. Berlin c. Korea d. Yugoslavia

a. Richard Nixon

The young congressman who first gained national prominence through his membership on the House Un-American Activities Committee was __________. a. Richard Nixon b. Ronald Reagan c. Henry Wallace d. Jerry Brown Sr.

c. the Taft-Hartley Act

What was the 1947 law that sought to reverse gains made by organized labor in the preceding decade and authorized the president to suspend strikes by ordering an 80-day cooling-off period, banned sympathy strikes and secondary boycotts, outlaws the closed shop, and authorized states to pass "right-to-work" laws? a. the Wagner Act b. the White Act c. the Taft-Hartley Act d. the Fair Labor Standards Act

a. Operation Dixie

What was the name of the AFL and CIO campaign to bring unionization to the South, by which more than 200 labor organizations entered the region in an effort to organize workers? a. Operation Dixie b. Operation Mongoose c. Operation Organization d. the Campaign to Victory

d. President Truman acknowledged and accepted General MacArthur's push toward the Chinese border and his threat to use nuclear weapons against the Chinese

Which is NOT true of the Korean War (1950 - 1953)? a. over 33,000 Americans died in Korea; an estimated 1 million Korean soldiers and 2 million civilians died along with hundreds of thousands of Chinese troops b. General Douglass MacArthur launched a daring counterattack at Inchon behind North Korean lines, in September 1950 c. in 1953, armistice was agreed to, which restored the prewar status quo d. President Truman acknowledged and accepted General MacArthur's push toward the Chinese border and his threat to use nuclear weapons against the Chinese

a. George Kennan's Long Telegram; unveiling of Truman Doctrine; start of the Korean War; founding of Warsaw Pact

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence? a. George Kennan's Long Telegram; unveiling of Truman Doctrine; start of the Korean War; founding of Warsaw Pact b. Joseph McCarthy's Wheeling speech; Taft-Hartley Act; reelection of Truman; launching of Operation Dixie c. approval of NSC-68; Army-McCarthy hearings; Winston Churchill's "iron curtain" speech; announcement of Marshall Plan d. Dixiecrat revolt; signing of Jackie Robinson by Brooklyn Dodgers; HUAC investigation of Hollywood; trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

d. Churchill's call for the construction of a great wall between East and West Germany

Which of the following was NOT a contributing factor behind the rise of the Cold War? a. Soviet rearmament over American intervention in parts of Europe b. American resentment over Soviet intervention in parts of Europe c. anxiety in both the United States and the Soviet Union over other's nuclear capacity d. Churchill's call for the construction of a great wall between East and West Germany

a. lively debate between supporters and critics of the Korean War

Which of the following was NOT a dramatic feature of the 1948 presidential election? a. lively debate between supporters and critics of the Korean War b. the "Dixiecrat" revolt of disaffected Southern Democrats c. the left-wing Progressive Party campaign of ex-vice president Henry Wallace d. the unexpected victory of President Truman over Republican challenger Thomas Dewey

c. unions cannot discriminate on the basis of race

Which of the following was NOT a key provision of the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act? a. workers cannot go on strike to support striking workers at other establishments b. union membership cannot be made a condition of employment c. unions cannot discriminate on the basis of race d. avowed communists cannot serve as union officials

c. the defeat of Operation Dixie

Which of the following was NOT a step toward racial equality in postwar America? a. the signing of Jackie Robinson to the Brooklyn Dodgers b. the desegregation of the armed forces c. the defeat of Operation Dixie d. the release of the Commission on Civil Rights report, "To Secure These Rights"

c. Paul Robeson and W.E.B. Du Bois

Which two were outspoken critics of the domestic anticommunist crusade? a. Thomas Dewey and Henry Luce b. Strom Thurmond and Richard Nixon c. Paul Robeson and W.E.B. Du Bois d. Branch Rickey and Jackson Pollock

d. the Soviets formalized their own Eastern European alliance, the Warsaw Pact

Which was NOT a development of 1949? a. the Soviet Union tested its first atomic bomb, and Mao Zedong emerged victorious in the long Chinese Civil War b. the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was established c. Truman's Berlin airlift succeeded when Stalin lifted the blockade of West Berlin in May d. the Soviets formalized their own Eastern European alliance, the Warsaw Pact

d. George F. Kennan

Who was the person who sent the Long Telegram from Moscow in 1946 that lay the foundation for what became known as the policy of "containment?" a. Harry S. Truman b. George C. Marshall c. Douglass MacArthur d. George F. Kennan

a. preventing any further expansion of Soviet power

"Containment," in the context of post-World War II international diplomacy referred to the policy by which the United States committed itself to __________. a. preventing any further expansion of Soviet power b. containing its power principally to domestic issues - a new form of isolationism c. containing the spread of disease, hunger, and extreme poverty d. containing the flow of illegal immigrants from Latin America

d. all of the above

Anticommunism was used by the U.S. leaders to ______________. a. quash political disobedience b. limit organized labor c. impose social and sexual morality d. all of the above